Caracterisation De La Fraction Recyclable Des Dechets Solides De La Commune Territoriale Beni Mellal-Maroc-Zone Villa-

Characterization of recyclable solid waste fraction of the villa area in Beni Mellal Moroccan Territorial Commune was appreciated across the weighing parameters refusal, cardboard, paper, packaging, HDPE, PET, glass, metal and tires. The tire parameter was measured twice (February and December 2014) and presented 2,80% of the monthly average fraction (5,03 tons / month). The rest of the parameters was considered between February and December 2014. The most important results indicate that recyclable waste fraction reached 80,69% dominated by the Carton (88,86 tons or 49,50%), followed by paper (28,81 tons or 16,05%). While the less dominant parameter is the glass (0,91 tonnes) with a percentage of 0,51%. Other parameters such as packaging, HDPE, PET and metal present respectively 4,20%, 3,44%, 3,09% and 1,09% of the fraction of 2014. These results contributed to the classification and quantification of solid waste from the villa area of the city of Beni Mellal

Trace Metal Elements in Different Categories of Drinking Water by Exploratory Analysis

The objective of this work was to assess the quality of different categories of water intended for human consumption through monitoring and quantification of metallic trace elements. Chosen study matrix was made up of tap water, bottled Moroccan water, bottled foreign water and finally surface water from Beni Mellal area: Ain Asserdoune and Bouyakoub. Four trace elements were studied namely: As, Cd, Cr and Pb. The assays were carried out using inductively coupled plasma technique equipped with Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES). Dissimilarities between waters and correlations between metallic trace elements were carried out by Principal Component Analysis. According to the analytical results, Arsenic (As) would be much more present in foreign waters with an average value of 6.33µg/L followed by Moroccan surface water category with an average value of 6.191 µg/L. Cadmium (Cd) was also more present in Moroccan surface water category. Chromium (Cr) was much more present in Moroccan waters especially in natural water category with an average value of 45.65 µg/L followed by tap water with of 44.875 µg/L value. Lead (Pb) was much more present in Moroccan waters compared to foreign waters. Analysis results allow us to locate the different samples analyzed in relation to Moroccan drinking water standard and that of World Health Organization on the one hand and to classify different types of water according to their concentrations of metallic elements on the other hand

Analysis of the molecular electrostatic potential of the chemical reactivity of p-nitrophenol, p-aminophenol and p-methylphenol by the quantum method

There are many methods in quantum chemistry such as semi-empirical methods, ab initio methods, and density functional methods. All of these methods can determine the atomic molecular properties. In this work, we chose the density functional method (DFT) to determine electrostatic potential, frontier molecular orbitals (FMO), and optimization of molecules such as p-nitrophenol, p-methylphenol, and p-aminophenol. The determination of interatomic distances, nonlinear optical descriptors (NLO) such as dipole moment (μ), polarizability (α), first hyperpolarizability (β) and second hyperpolarizability (γ). The analysis of the potential energy surface was carried out by the density functional theory (DFT) method using the Becke, Lee, Yang, and Parr Gradient Corrected Functional (B3LYP) exchange and correlation with the standard base 6-311G (d, p). This method is implemented in the program Gaussian 09. The results of the energy gap, chemical hardness, dipole moment, and hyperpolarizability show that p-nitrophenol is the reactive molecule, and p-aminophenol is the stable molecule. The electrophilic attack occurs at the O7, O10, and O9 sites for p-nitrophenol, O7 for p-methylphenol, and O7, N13 for p-aminophenol

Theoretical analysis of the Reactivity of phenol substituted in the para position by halides by the functional theory of density

Theoretical developments have made it possible to make quantum physics applied to chemistry an essential tool associated with experimental chemistry. Two avenues have emerged for this development: one addresses the problems by describing systems by a wave function; the other does so by its electron density. In this work, we studied the quantum method of the density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP / 6-311G (d, p) to determine the various quantum chemical descriptors and the optimization of the different molecules: p-bromophenol, p-fluorophenol and p-chlorophenol. The study of the global reactivity of molecules is based on the calculation of global indices deduced from electronic properties, such as ionization potential (I), Electronic affinity (A), chemical hardness (η)., Electronegativity x. and Overall softness (σ), Maximum charge transfer (ΔNmax), Overall electrophilicity (ω). Besides, we worked on nonlinear optical descriptors (NLO) such as the dipole moment (μ), the polarizability (α), the first hyperpolarizability (β), and the second hyperpolarizability (γ). To check the stability of the molecules we determined the 3D maps of the HOMO and LUMO orbitals, the Mulliken charges of each molecule, the electrostatic potential, the lengths, and the bond angles of the molecules of p-bromophenol, p-fluorophenol, and p-chlorophenol