Self-fashioning in Pope's epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot: a Bourdieusian reading

The aim of the present article is to investigate Alexander Pope's self-fashioning in the light of Pierre Bourdieu's socio-cultural notion of capitals, specifically the symbolic form. Pope endeavors a lot to gain such a prominent status as the most representative poet of his age. He garners all his artistry, eloquence, savoir-faire, family and social milieu to move towards the center of the canon throughout his life. This upward movement comprises a self-fashioning by Pope which sometimes is the means to facilitate his canonization and sometimes it turns into a goal and an end in itself for him. As the highly acclaimed French philosopher, Pierre Bourdieu highlights the importance of symbolic capital in an individual‘s social status. Therefore this paper aims at shedding light on Pope's sophisticated act of self-fashioning and its relevance to Pierre Bourdieu's symbolic capital. For this reason, this article discusses Pope's Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot, an exemplar of his self-fashioning and accumulation of symbolic capital

Effect of sodium fluoride in fifth-generation adhesive (Solobond M) on microleakage and dentin type I collagen content

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the addition of sodium fluoride to fifth-generation adhesive (Solobond M) on the degree of microleakage and type I collagen content of dentin. Materials & Methods: The present in vitro study was conducted on 120 orthodontically extracted human premolars devoid of decay and anatomical defects. Two series of 20 premolars were selected to test immunohistochemistry (IHC) and two series of 40 premolars to evaluate microleakage in two time points of 24 hours and 3 months. In both tests and at both time points, the tests were performed on the samples divided into four groups: 1-control (only Solobond M), 2-bonding group (Solobond M) containing fluoride, 3-bonding group (Solobond M) containing Chlorhexidine (CHX) after acid etching, and 4-bonding group (Solobond M) containing fluoride+CHX after acid etching. Results: The IHC score at 24 hours and 3 months was significantly higher in the CHX, Fluoride, and Fluoride+CHX groups compared to the control group. The IHC score in the CHX+fluoride group was higher than that in the CHX group (p=0.04). The degree of microleakage at 24 hours and 3 months was significantly lower in the Fluoride+CHX and Fluoride groups compared to the control group. The degree of microleakage in the Fluoride group was lower than in the CHX group. The IHC score and the microleakage degree had no significant difference in 24 hours and 3 months between the Fluoride+CHX, Fluoride and CHX groups. Conclusion: It seems that the effect of fluoride on non-degradation of collagen is greater than that of the CHX

Knowledge management and social media: A scientometrics survey

The purpose of this research is to study the role of the social media for knowledge sharing. The study presents a comprehensive review of the researches associated with the effect of knowledge management in social media. The study uses Scopus database as a primary search engine and covers 1858 of highly cited articles over the period 1994-2019. The records are statistically analyzed and categorized in terms of various criteria using an open source software package named R. The findings show that researches have grown exponentially during the recent years and the trend has continued at relatively stable rates. Based on the survey, knowledge management is the keyword which has carried the highest citations followed by social media and social networking. Among the most cited articles, papers published by researchers in United States have received the highest citations, followed by United Kingdom and China

An investigation into the Pottery Flasks at the Sanandaj Archaeological Museum

Pottery has a significant bearing on the reconstruction of ancient regional and transregional interactions. Flasks represent a pottery type that was more ubiquitous in the historical period. The present study examined 16 pottery flasks stored at the Sanandaj Archaeological Museum in order to address three research questions: Which historical period can this pottery be dated to? What is the geographical range over which they were manufactured given the available excavated comparanda? What types are represented in the sample under study in terms of manufacturing technique, surface treatment, decoration, and form? The results showed that the flasks were primarily produced in two varieties, round shouldered and angular shouldered, with their exterior coated in a slip or a buff, turquoise, and light or dark green glaze. Judging by their appearance (surface finish and decorations), they were produced in the Hellenistic and Parthian period. It was found out that they have parallels among assemblages from west and southwest Iran and Mesopotamia. The study adopted the descriptivehistorical and comparative methods

Proposing an Appropriate Soil Water Content Estimation Technique for Iran

Limitation of water resources is one of the major factors in the agricultural development of Iran. In recent years. Iran suffers from increases water consumption and drought conditions, This is why efficient water management in agriculture production becomes an inevitable requirement. One of the main aspects of water management in agriculture production is operating any type of irrigation system efficiently. A good on-farm irrigation water management requires a routine monitoring of soil water content (SWC). Recently a substantial number of different experimental methods in categories of direct, indirect, ground based and remote sensing have been developed to determine the SWC, and a large body of knowledge is now available on theory and applications. The need for indirect ground-based automatic methods for obtaining water content or indices of water content is evident when the time and labor involved in direct sampling is considered. In view of Iran conditions, selecting the best soil water measurement technology for the optimal management of irrigation system is a challenge for managers and the decision makers. This research aims to (i) compile the available ground based SWC measurement methods and discuses along with their advantages and their limitations, (ii) propose a technique that will be most useful for Iran condition. Considering regional parameters of Iran, these researchers found tensiometers as a proper technique for good water management. This technique with lower price in addition with other advantages could be more effective in development of Iran Agricultural Mechanization

Application of nonparametric method to improve energy productivity and CO2 emission for barley production in Iran

The nonparametric method of data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to investigate the energy efficiency and CO2 emission of barley farm in Hamedan province of Iran.  The method was used based on eight energy inputs including human labor, machinery, diesel fuel, fertilizers, farmyard manure, biocide, electricity and seed energy and single output of barley yield and technical, pure technical, scale and cross efficiencies were calculated using CCR and BCC models.  The results showed that the average values of technical, pure technical and scale efficiency scores of farmers were 0.788, 0.941 and 0.833, respectively.  Also, energy saving target ratio for barley production was calculated as 11.45%, indicating that by following the recommendations of this study, about 2,865 MJ ha–1 of total input energy could be saved with the same constant level of barley yield.  Moreover the contribution of chemical fertilizer input from total saving energy was 34.88% which was the highest share followed by diesel fuel (25.88%) and electricity (20.89%) energy inputs.  On one hand, optimization of energy use improved the energy use efficiency, energy productivity and net energy by 12.94%, 15.55% and 6.16%, respectively.  On the other hand, total greenhouse gases (GHG) emission was 885.56 kg CO2eq ha–1, which indicated that, the total CO2 emissions can be reduced by 11.06%.    Keywords: data envelopment analysis, energy saving, barley, chemical fertilizer

Highly Sensitive Electrocatalytic Determination of Formaldehyde Using a Ni/Ionic Liquid Modified Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode

In this study, ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was applied as additives to fabricate a novel ionic liquid/carbon nanotube paste electrode (IL/CNPE). This electrode was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Results showed that the electron transfer rate and reversibility of the electrode were increased by the ionic liquid. The morpho-logy of prepared IL/CNPE was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Nickel/ionic liquid modified carbon nanotube paste electrode (Ni/IL/CNPE) was also constructed by immersion of the IL/CNPE in nickel sulfate solution. Ionic liquid showed significant effect on the accumulation of nickel species on the surface of the electrode. Also, the values of electron transfer coefficient, charge-transfer rate constant and electrode surface coverage for Ni(II)/Ni(III) redox couple of the Ni/IL/CNPE were found to be 0.32 and 2.37×10-1 s-1 and 2.74×10-8 mol.cm-2, respectively. The Ni/IL/CNPE was applied successfully to highly efficient electrocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde in alkaline medium. The effects of various factors on the efficiency of electrocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde were optimized. Under the optimized condition, cyclic voltammetry of formaldehyde at the modified electrode exhibited two linear dynamic ranges in the concentration ranges of 7.00×10-6 to 9.60×10-5 mol.L-1 and 9.60×10-5 to 32.00×10-3 mol.L-1 with excellent detection limit of 9.50×10-7 mol.L-1 (3σ/slope), respectively. Also, the method was successfully applied for formaldehyde measurement in real sample. Copyright © 2018 BCREC Group. All rights reserved Received: 11st March 2018; Revised:20th July 2018; Accepted: 28th July 2018 How to Cite: Zarei, E., Jamali, M.R., Ahmadi, F. (2018). Highly Sensitive Electrocatalytic Determination of Formaldehyde Using a Ni/Ionic Liquid Modified Carbon Nanotube Paste Electrode. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 13 (3): 529-542 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.13.3.2341.529-542) Permalink/DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.13.3.2341.529-54

Papel mediador da cultura organizacional na relação entre liderança servidora e desempenho no trabalho

The main aim of the present study is explaining the relationship between servant leadership and job performance by considering the mediating role of organizational culture. A descriptive-correlative method was used in this study. The statistical population of this study included staff of Shiraz nursing faculty. They were 275 persons at the time of study. The sample size was 160 persons based on Kerjesi-Morgan's table and the sampling was done by a simple- randomized method. Three questionnaires of servant leadership style (Taylor), organizational culture (Robbins) and job performance (Paterson) were used for gathering information. The validity and reliability of questionnaires were confirmed. Indexes such as mean and standard deviation and Pearson correlative coefficient and hierarchical analysis regression using Baron and Kenny method of two parts of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for analyzing the data and testing the hypothesizes. Results of the analyzed data showed that there is a direct and meaningful relationship between servant leadership, organizational culture and job performance. There is also a direct and meaningful relationship between organizational culture and job performance. Organizational culture plays a mediating role in the relationship between servant leadership and job performance.El objetivo principal del presente estudio es explicar la relación entre el liderazgo de servicio y el desempeño laboral al considerar el papel mediador de la cultura organizacional, para lo cual se utilizó un método descriptivo-correlativo. La población estadística de este estudio incluyó personal de la facultad de enfermería Shiraz. Fueron 275 personas en el momento del estudio. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 160 personas según la tabla de Kerjesi-Morgan y el muestreo se realizó por un método simple y aleatorio. Se utilizaron tres cuestionarios de estilo de liderazgo de servicio (Taylor), cultura organizacional (Robbins) y desempeño laboral (Paterson) para recopilar información. La validez y fiabilidad de los cuestionarios fueron confirmadas. Se usaron índices como la media y la desviación estándar y el coeficiente correlativo de Pearson y la regresión del análisis jerárquico utilizando el método de Baron y Kenny de dos partes de estadística descriptiva y estadística inferencial para analizar los datos y probar las hipótesis. Los resultados de los datos analizados mostraron que existe una relación directa y significativa entre el liderazgo de los servidores, la cultura organizacional y el desempeño laboral. También existe una relación directa y significativa entre la cultura organizacional y el desempeño laboral. La cultura organizacional juega un papel mediador en la relación entre el liderazgo de servicio y el desempeño laboral.O principal objetivo do presente estudo está relacionado com a relação entre o lider de serviço e o desempenho laboral considerando o papel mediador da cultura organizacional, para que o uso pessoal seja um método descritivo-correlativo. A população estadual deste estudo está incluída na faculdade de enfermaria Shiraz. Fueron 275 personas no momento do estudio. O tamanho da peça de 160 pessoas segue a tabela de Kerjesi-Morgan e o desempenho é feito por um método simples e aleatório. Se utilizaron os cuestionarios de estilo de liderar de servicio (Taylor), cultura organizacional (Robbins) y desempeño laboral (Paterson) para información recopilar. La validez y fiabilidad dos cuestionarios fueron confirmadas. A utilização de índices como a média e a baixa remuneração e o coeficiente correlativo de Pearson e a análise comparativa de histórico utilizando o método de Baron e Kenny para os componentes da estatística descritiva e estadística inferencial para analizar os dados e probar as hipóteses. Os resultados dos analizados mostram que existe uma relação direta e significativa entre os líderes de servidores, a cultura organizacional e o desempenho laboral. Também existe uma relação direta e significativa entre a cultura organizacional e o desempenho laboral. A cultura organizacional tem papel e mediador na relação entre o lider de serviço e o desempenho laboral

Explanation of Learning-Teaching Approaches and Suitable evaluation for Professional Development Curricula of Preschool Teachers

This research was conducted with the aim of explanation of learning approaches and suitable evaluation for professional development curricula of pre-school teachers. This research was both quantitative and qualitative approach, the qualitative approach, content analysis and in quantitative approach, descriptive method were used. Statistical society includes members of scientific board of universities, Ph.D. students, and mentors of psychology, curriculum and preschool teachers. Sampling method in the qualitative section was targeted and networking and in order to select teachers random classification method was used. Data was collected by the semi-structured interview and a researcher made questionnaire. To estimate validity of the interview and questionnaire, the content validity, and to estimate reliability of the questionnaire, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. Qualitative findings were categorized based on content analysis and qualitative findings were analyzed by the inferential and descriptive statistics. Friedman’s test results showed that according to viewpoint of teachers on learning -teaching approaches of professional development, using creative teaching method is more important and performing simulated methods have the lowest importance. To evaluate capabilities of teachers, functional tests in terms of importance are very important and combination of 4-items and descriptive questions has the lowest importance

P100 Wave Latency and Amplitude in Visual Evoked Potential Records in Different Visual Quadrants of Normal Individuals

Purpose: Assessment of the pattern visual evoked potential (PVEP) responses in different areas of visual fields in individuals with normal vision. Methods: This study was conducted on 80 eyes of normal subjects aged 18–35 years. All participants underwent refraction and visual acuity examination. Visual evoked potential (VEP) responses were recorded in different areas of field. The repeated measure test was used to compare the P100 latency and amplitude of PVEP among different areas. Results: The repeated measures analysis of variance showed a statistically significant difference among different areas in terms of amplitude and latency of P100 (P = 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively). According to the results, the highest and lowest amplitude of P100 was observed in inferior-nasal and superior areas, respectively. The highest and lowest latency of P100 was related to the temporal and inferior-nasal areas, respectively. Conclusion: This study partially revealed the details of local PVEP distribution in the visual field and there was a significant difference in the amplitude and latency of PVEP wave in different areas of the visual field