Intra/Inter communications in Social Network and Intermediary of the Media Influencers

This paper focuses on the role of influencers as an element of modern governance. As the fields of media, entertainment industry, and politics become increasingly interconnected, the phenomenon of influencer potentially affects many aspects of political life, such as campaigning and voting, policymaking, and international affairs. Using the network analysis method and applying a triple typification of influencers consists of media influencers, influencer politicians in power, and influencer opposition politicians out of power, and selecting 245 nodes on Instagram accounts, the article focuses on how do influencers interact within communication networks? Based on the triple typification, the article tries to find the pattern of networked political communications between influencers in the social network. The results prove that all three types of influencers are more interested in intra-group communication. However, both influencer politicians in power and influencer opposition politicians out of power have relatively similar tendencies to associate with media influencers

Internet (Information/Skill) Literacy in Iran

This study examines the associations of internet information literacy with two variables: (1) the ability to work with technical aspects of the internet (internet skill), and (2) attitudes about the need for qualitative necessities in the development of e-services. A hierarchical regressions software analyzes data from a national sample of 2134 internet users. In this paper, internet literacy is considered as a literacy which has two-dimensional aspects including information literacy and skill literacy. In an articulation as this, many of the capabilities associated with the internet such as technical, critical, analytical, and structural factors are studied. In addition, abilities that lead users to make distinctions between useful, safe and healthy data and fake, hateful and unhealthy data are taken into account. The analysis shows that the internet information literacy is positively related to internet skills. It is also shown that more internet information literacy leads to more demands for e-services’ qualitative necessities (in the eight indicators of cheapness, availability, usability, quickness, security, integrity, reliability, and transparency). Furthermore, some sociodemographic characteristics (i.e. age, gender, education, income, and place of residence) are explicitly associated with internet skills. Strategy suggestions are concluded for policy making in the respective fields

Application of the Taguchi Design for Production of Poly( -hydroxybutyrate) by Ralstonia eutropha

ABSTRACT: The Taguchi design of experiments was used to test the relative importance of medium components and environmental factors on poly( -hydroxybutyrate)(PHB) production by Ralstonia eutropha. The optimum condition was obtained as: fructose concentration, 15 g/L; C/N ratio, 7.4; agitation speed 200 rpm; culture time, 40 h; temperature, 25 ° C; seed age, 15 h. At optimum condition the yield of PHB production was found to be 92.36%

Improved Rheological Model of Oil-Based Drilling Fluid for South-western Iranian Oilfields

In this study, predictive capabilities of apparent viscosity of oil-based drilling fluids which is used in National Iranian South Oilfields Company (NISOC) were evaluated using Newtonian and non-Newtonian models to drive a new suitable equation. The non-Newtonian models include Bingham plastic, Power law, Herschel-Bulkley, Casson, and Robertson-Stiff. To validate the results, the calculated viscosity from rheology models was compared to the fann 35 data of viscometer. The results showed that Robertson-Stiff model has the best prediction of shear stress and viscosity with an absolute average percent error of 3.58. This was followed by Herschel-Bulkley, Casson, Power law, Bingham plastic, and Newtonian with the absolute average percent error of 3.68, 3.77, 9.04, 20.09, and 44.02 respectively. Therefore, the new equation was proposed to predict the shear stress for oil-based drilling fluids which is used in Southwestern Iranian Oilfields. In comparison to the results of the experimental data of this study, it was revealed that the proposed equation has a good agreement with the real shear stress and apparent viscosities

الاستخدامات الخاطئة للدلالة الإحصائية وحلول مقترحة = The misuses of the statistical significance and suggested solutions

ىجفت الجراسة الحالية إلى تػضيح جػانب القرػر السختمفة التي تعاني مشيا الجاللة اإلحرائية في تفديخ نتائج الجراسات والبحػث، وتحجيج سػء استخجاـ الجاللة اإلحرائية في تفديخ الشتائج واقتخاح بعس الحمػؿ الشطخية لتصػيخ استخجاـ الجاللة اإلحرائية، أضيخت الشتائج أف أىع جػانب القرػر في الجاللة اإلحرائية ىػ تأثخ ىا بحجع العيشة والصبيعة الثشائية لشتائج الجاللة اإلحرائية، وكحلظ مشصكية الفخضية ًز الرفخية، ا وث االستخجامات الخاشئة لمجاللة اإلحرائية في الجراسات والبحػث والتي مغ ّقت الج ارسة أي أىسيا استخجاـ نتائج الجاللة اإلحرائية كأساس لذخح أىسية الشتائج، واإلشارة إلى األىسية العسمية لمشتائج، والتحقق مغ صحة الفخضية الرفخية، واقتخحت الجراسة مجسػعة مغ الحمػؿ لالستخجامات الرحيحة لمجاللة اإلحرائية مثل عجـ االعتساد عمى الشتائج في تقييع البحػث والجراسات، والرياغة السشاسبة ألسئمة البحث وفخضياتو، وذلظ باستخجاـ مؤشخات ذات أىسية عسمية وقجرة إحرائية باستخجاـ تحميل السشفعة العسمية أو الجاللة اإلكميشيكية. ***************************************************************************** This present study aimed at clarifying the various shortcomings of the statistical significance in interpreting the results of studies and research,identifying the misuses of the statistical significance in the interpretation of the results, and proposing some theoretical solutions to enhance the use of statistical significance. Results showed that the most important shortcoming in the statistical significance are related to the effect of the sample size on the statistical significance, the binary status of the results of the statistical significance, and the logic of the null hypothesis. The study has also documented some of the misuses of the statistical significance in research such as the use of statistically significant results as a basis to explain the importance of the results, indicate the practical significance of the results, and validate the null hypothesis. The study proposed a range of solutions for the correct uses of the statistical significance such as not to rely on the results in the evaluation of research and studies, appropriate phrasing of the research questions and hypotheses, using indicators of practical significance and statistical power, and using analysis of practical benefit or clinical significance

Lazer Navigating System: A New System for Finding and Removing Forigner Bodies

Finding Foreign Bodies (FB) inside different parts of the body have been difficult for all of the surgeons. Although at first it seems easy to remove these FB but during operation many problem for their removing can occurs, the most important of them is that they can not be find. Many orthopedists, general surgeons and neurosurgeons had experienced with this problem. In this study we are trying to show the efficacy of Lazer Navigating System (LNS) a new system that we have designed for finding and removing FB inside different parts of ..

Salp Swarm Optimization with Self-Adaptive Mechanism for Optimal Droop Control Design

The collaboration of the various distributed generation (DG) units is required to meet the increasing electricity demand. To run parallel-connected inverters for microgrid load sharing, several control strategies have been developed. Among these methods, the droop control method was widely accepted in the research community due to the lack of important communication links between parallel-connected inverters to control the DG units within a microgrid. To help to solve the power-sharing process, keep to frequency and voltage constrained limits in islanded mode microgrid system. The parameter values must therefore be chosen accurately by using the optimization technique. Optimization techniques are a hot topic of researchers; hence This paper discusses the microgrid droop controller during islanding using the salp swarm inspired algorithm (SSIA). To obtain a better fine microgrid output reaction during islanding, SSIA-based droop control is used to optimally determine the PI gain and the coefficients of the prolapse control. The results of the simulation show that the SSIA-based droop control can control the power quality of the microgrid by ensuring that the keep to frequency and voltage constrained limits and deviation and proper power-sharing occurs during the microgrid island mode during a load change

Chitosan-based nanoscale systems for doxorubicin delivery:Exploring biomedical application in cancer therapy

Abstract Green chemistry has been a growing multidisciplinary field in recent years showing great promise in biomedical applications, especially for cancer therapy. Chitosan (CS) is an abundant biopolymer derived from chitin and is present in insects and fungi. This polysaccharide has favorable characteristics, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and ease of modification by enzymes and chemicals. CS‐based nanoparticles (CS‐NPs) have shown potential in the treatment of cancer and other diseases, affording targeted delivery and overcoming drug resistance. The current review emphasizes on the application of CS‐NPs for the delivery of a chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin (DOX), in cancer therapy as they promote internalization of DOX in cancer cells and prevent the activity of P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) to reverse drug resistance. These nanoarchitectures can provide co‐delivery of DOX with antitumor agents such as curcumin and cisplatin to induce synergistic cancer therapy. Furthermore, co‐loading of DOX with siRNA, shRNA, and miRNA can suppress tumor progression and provide chemosensitivity. Various nanostructures, including lipid‐, carbon‐, polymeric‐ and metal‐based nanoparticles, are modifiable with CS for DOX delivery, while functionalization of CS‐NPs with ligands such as hyaluronic acid promotes selectivity toward tumor cells and prevents DOX resistance. The CS‐NPs demonstrate high encapsulation efficiency and due to protonation of amine groups of CS, pH‐sensitive release of DOX can occur. Furthermore, redox‐ and light‐responsive CS‐NPs have been prepared for DOX delivery in cancer treatment. Leveraging these characteristics and in view of the biocompatibility of CS‐NPs, we expect to soon see significant progress towards clinical translation

Endophytic Aspergillus hiratsukae mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial and photocatalytic activities

In the current study, endophytic Aspergillus hiratsukae was used for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) for the first time. The characterizations were performed using X ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The obtained results demonstrated the successful formation of crystalline, spherical Ag-NPs with particle diameters ranging from 16 to 31 nm. The FT-IR studied and displayed the various functional groups involved, which played a role in capping and reducing agents for Ag-NPs production. The SEM–EDX revealed that the main constituent of the AS-formed sample was primarily Ag, with a weight percentage of 64.2%. The mycosynthesized Ag-NPs were assessed for antimicrobial as well as photocatalytic activities. The antimicrobial results indicated that the synthesized Ag-NPs possess notable antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Ag-NPs ranging from 62.5 to 250 μg/mL. Moreover, the biosynthesized Ag-NPs demonstrated weak antifungal activity against Aspergillus brasiliensis and Candida albicans, with MICs of 500 and 1,000 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the mycosynthesized Ag-NPs exhibited photocatalytic activity toward acid black 2 (nigrosine) dye under both light and dark stimulation. Notably, After 300 min exposure to light, the nigrosine dye was degraded by 93%. In contrast, 51% degradation was observed after 300 min in darkness. In conclusion, Ag-NPs were successfully biosynthesized using endophytic A. hiratsukae and also exhibited antimicrobial and photocatalytic activities that can be used in environmental applications

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background: There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low-and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods: Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results: Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion: For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially