POTENSI BIO-OIL DARI PELEPAH SAWIT DENGAN KATALIS NI/NZA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR MESIN COMBINE HARVESTER DI DESA SEPOTONG

Desa Sepotong memiliki luas lahan padi dan kelapa sawit yaitu 340 Ha dan 260 Ha. Dalam proses pemanenan padi terdapat 2 mesin combine harvester yang menggunakan bahan bakar solar. Ketersediaan solar dari Desa Sepotong sangat jauh, sehingga membutuhkan waktu yang lama. Jika ditinjau dari luas kelapa sawit, Desa Sepotong memiliki limbah pelepah sawit yang hanya ditumpuk dan pelepah sawit dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber pengganti bahan bakar mesin combine harvester. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi bio-oil dari pelepah sawit, energi dari bio-oil yang diperoleh, kinerja mesin combine harvester, serta biaya penggunaan bahan bakar solar dan bio-oil pada mesin combine harvester. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah metode pirolisis dengan katalis Ni/NZA menggunakan simulasi superpro designer v10. Hasil yang diperoleh ialah untuk volumetric flow bio-oil yang dihasilkan sebesar 170,472 L dalam 1 bulan dan densitas bio-oil sebesar 996 kg/m 3 . Dari volumetric flow dan densitas bio-oil yang diperoleh, maka untuk energi bio-oil yang didapatkan ialah 686,316.34 J. Waktu dan luas lahan operasi yang dilakukan oleh mesin combine harvester yaitu 62 h dan 41 Ha. Dan hasil total biaya penggunaan solar selama 1 bulan sebesar Rp. 5,095,920 dan menggunakan bio-oil sebesar Rp. 6,052,140. Dengan melihat densitas yang didapatkan, maka, dapat dikatakan bio-oil dari pelepah sawit dengan katalis Ni/NZA dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan bakar alternatif mesin combine harvester. Kata Kunci: Pelepah Sawit, Pirolisis, Superpro, Bio-Oil, Combine Harveste

Cervical cancer screening: target age bracket, screening frequency and screening method: review of recent evidence and comparison with the Portuguese performance indicator

Esta revisão teve por objetivo avaliar a força de evidência do indicador de desempenho português relativo ao rastreio do Câncer do Colo do Útero (CCU): (1) limites etários das mulheres da população geral que o devem realizar, a (2) periodicidade com que deve ser realizado e (3) qual o melhor exame de rastreio. Foram pesquisados os seguintes termos MeSH: vaginal smears, age groups, periodicity, methods, uterine cervical cancer. Foram excluídos os artigos que não abordavam o objetivo da investigação ou que não fossem redigidos em Inglês, Português ou Espanhol. Para interpretar os artigos selecionados foi utilizada a classificação SORT. Foram encontrados 197 artigos, dos quais seleccionados 9: 1 revisão sistemática (RS), 1 estudo clínico controlado aleatorizado, 2 estudos observacionais retrospectivos e 5 normas de orientação clínica (NOC). Os autores optaram por incluir nesta revisão mais 4 NOCs e 2 RSs por considerarem ser relevantes para a população Portuguesa, apesar de não resultarem da pesquisa efectuada. Os estudos sugerem realização do rastreio entre os 21 e 25 até aos 65 anos, com uma periodicidade trienal usando a citologia convencional. Existe ainda controvérsia no que toca aos 3 objetivos deste artigo (limites etários, frequência e método).The scope of this review was to assess the strength of evidence of Portuguese performance indicators on Cervical Cancer screening: (1) age group of the women that should be screened for cervical cancer; (2) frequency of screening; and (3) the best method for screening. The following MeSH terms were searched: vaginal smears, age groups, periodicity, methods, uterine cervical cancer. Articles not reflecting the study objectives or not available in English, Portuguese or Spanish were excluded. The SORT classification was used to rate the articles selected.Of the 197 articles found, 9 that met all study criteria were selected for inclusion in this review. These included 1 systematic review, 1 randomized controlled clinical trial, 2 retrospective studies and 5 clinical guidelines. The authors also chose to include 4 clinical guidelines and two systematic reviews relevant to the Portuguese population even though they did not appear in the initial search of the literature. The studies suggest screening women between the ages of 21 to 25 years and 65 years of age, once every three years using conventional cytology. There is still controversy regarding the three objectives of this study (target age bracket, screening frequency and screening method)

Targeting Huntington’s disease through histone deacetylases

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative condition with significant burdens on both patient and healthcare costs. Despite extensive research, treatment options for patients with this condition remain limited. Aberrant post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins is emerging as an important element in the pathogenesis of HD. These PTMs include acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation, sumoylation and ubiquitination. Several families of proteins are involved with the regulation of these PTMs. In this review, I discuss the current evidence linking aberrant PTMs and/or aberrant regulation of the cellular machinery regulating these PTMs to HD pathogenesis. Finally, I discuss the evidence suggesting that pharmacologically targeting one of these protein families the histone deacetylases may be of potential therapeutic benefit in the treatment of HD

Development and implementation of new techniques to study biomarkers in Huntington disease

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at [email protected]. Thank you.Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor dysfunction and emotional disturbances. No current therapy delays onset or slows progression. One challenge to developing therapies is that the molecular mechanisms of the disease are not fully understood. Identification of small molecule biomarkers defining "disease state" would assist in elucidating the causes of changes occurring throughout disease progression and in developing therapeutics to address these changes. The thesis research had three aims. The first aim was to develop a method employing offline liquid chromatography-electrochemical (LC-EC) array and parallel LC-EC array-mass spectrometry (MS) to identify small molecules in a sample set of HD and control subjects for which we had found several statistically significant but qualitatively unidentified compounds using offline LC-EC array. The second aim was to apply these technologies to identify biomarkers of HD progression; the third was to determine whether the candidate biomarker(s) interact with plasma proteins because of the possibility that small molecule covalent binding affects protein aggregation, the putative cause of HD pathology. A method was developed to use offline and parallel LC-EC arrays to identify metabolites in an HD drug trial of phenylbutyrate. The method was then applied in a pilot study of plasma from HD patients. The analyses yielded the unexpected result of discovering several new metabolites of the anti-inflammatory drug Etodolac™. After method modification, a larger study of HD was undertaken to monitor HD progression and to search for disease progression biomarkers amongst groups of HD patients stratified by stage of disease. A potential biomarker for HD, indole-3-propionic acid, was identified. A method was developed to covalently link small molecules and peptides or proteins with offline electrochemical cells and allowed determining the potential binding site of 5-hydroxytryptophan, a metabolite selected as a model of covalent binding that is of interest because of a known neurotoxic role of oxidized 5-HTP. The biochemical localization of indole-3-propionic acid and potential mechanisms for its decrease in HD patient plasma were investigated. In summary, technologies for investigating small molecule-protein interactions were developed and applied to HD, and suggested new approaches to discovery of disease biomarkers and mechanisms

Onderzoekingen over de involutie van de puerperale uterus

In dit proefschrift zijn nagegaan de microscopische veranderingen van de baarmoederspier na de geboorte van het kind. Uit de literatuur blijkt, dat hieromtrent twee meeningen heerschen. 1. De cellen in een involveerende uterus krijgen uitsluitend door een atrophie hun normale grootte terug, waarbij geen of nagenoeg geen cellen geheel verdwijnen. .... Zie: Samenvatting