The Relationship of Perceived Knowledge with Perceived Risk: an Exploratory Study

This research explores the relationship between perceived risk and perceived knowledge in the financial investment domain. This will be accomplished through a 2x2 experiment comparing levels of knowledge with levels of risk to determine the impact on choice of portfolio in setting up a retirement investment plan

A Multi-Method Exploration of the Relationship between Knowledge and Risk: The Impact on Millennials’ Retirement Investment Decisions

The millennial cohort has faced a unique environment that may have a lasting impact on the financial investment decisions they make as adults. A multimethod set of studies investigates how knowledge and risk interact to inform millennial retirement investment choices. Study 1 suggests a decline in risk-taking for those with low confidence in their financial knowledge. Study 2 reveals that low financial literacy enhances susceptibility to the influence of “feelings as information” when making retirement decisions. Study 3 utilizes qualitative data to consider the connection between millennial financial decision making and the climate of risk brought on by the Great Recession

The Impact of Materialism on Feeling Financially Inadequate

This study suggests that those individuals with higher levels of materialism express higher levels of financial inadequacy. While the relationship between income and financial inadequacy is negative, materialism maintained a significant positive effect on perceptions of financial inadequacy, suggesting that materialistic people may be more likely to feel financially insecure

The antibody genetics of multiple sclerosis: comparing next-generation sequencing to sanger sequencing.

We previously identified a distinct mutation pattern in the antibody genes of B cells isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that can identify patients who have relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and patients with clinically isolated syndromes who will convert to RRMS. This antibody gene signature (AGS) was developed using Sanger sequencing of single B cells. While potentially helpful to patients, Sanger sequencing is not an assay that can be practically deployed in clinical settings. In order to provide AGS evaluations to patients as part of their diagnostic workup, we developed protocols to generate AGS scores using next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) on CSF-derived cell pellets without the need to isolate single cells. This approach has the potential to increase the coverage of the B-cell population being analyzed, reduce the time needed to generate AGS scores, and may improve the overall performance of the AGS approach as a diagnostic test in the future. However, no investigations have focused on whether NGS-based repertoires will properly reflect antibody gene frequencies and somatic hypermutation patterns defined by Sanger sequencing. To address this issue, we isolated paired CSF samples from eight patients who either had MS or were at risk to develop MS. Here, we present data that antibody gene frequencies and somatic hypermutation patterns are similar in Sanger and NGS-based antibody repertoires from these paired CSF samples. In addition, AGS scores derived from the NGS database correctly identified the patients who initially had or subsequently converted to RRMS, with precision similar to that of the Sanger sequencing approach. Further investigation of the utility of the AGS in predicting conversion to MS using NGS-derived antibody repertoires in a larger cohort of patients is warranted

MSPrecise: A molecular diagnostic test for multiple sclerosis using next generation sequencing

BACKGROUND: We have previously demonstrated that cerebrospinal fluid-derived B cells from early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients that express a VH4 gene accumulate specific replacement mutations that can be quantified as a score that identifies such patients as having or likely to convert to RRMS. Furthermore, we showed that next generation sequencing is an efficient method for obtaining the sequencing information required by this mutation scoring tool, originally developed using the less clinically viable single-cell Sanger sequencing. OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of MSPrecise, the diagnostic test that identifies the presence of the RRMS-enriched mutation pattern from patient cerebrospinal fluid B cells. METHODS: Cerebrospinal fluid cell pellets were obtained from RRMS and other neurological disease (OND) patient cohorts. VH4 gene segments were amplified, sequenced by next generation sequencing and analyzed for mutation score. RESULTS: The diagnostic test showed a sensitivity of 75% on the RRMS cohort and a specificity of 88% on the OND cohort. The accuracy of the test in identifying RRMS patients or patients that will develop RRMS is 84%. CONCLUSION: MSPrecise exhibits good performance in identifying patients with RRMS irrespective of time with RRMS