The Triumph of the Southern Man: Dowell, Shelby County, and the Jurisprudence of Justice Lewis F. Powell, Jr.

The year 2018 has witnessed widespread celebrations of the life and legacy of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., who was assassinated fifty years ago in Memphis, Tennessee. Yet if Dr. King were alive today, he would no doubt be dismayed by the path taken by the Supreme Court’s treatment of race-related issues in recent years. Not only has the Court abandoned the quest for school desegregation, but the 2013 decision in Shelby County v. Holder substantially reduced the effectiveness of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which was the most important legislative monument to Dr. King’s efforts. By contrast, these developments would no doubt have pleased Lewis F. Powell, Jr., a harsh critic of Dr. King who joined the Supreme Court less than four years after King’s death. Prior to taking his seat on the Court, Powell had been openly critical of the decision in Brown v. Board of Education, and in his capacity as chair of the school board of Richmond, Virginia, had worked ceaselessly to limit the pace and scope of the desegregation of the Richmond schools. Moreover, even before joining the Court, he had actively sought to limit the impact of the Voting Rights Act on the decision-making authority of state and local governments in the South. Similarly, in the cases that came before him after coming to the Court, Powell consistently voted to limit the scope of remedial orders in desegregation cases and argued that the Constitution imposed important limits on the scope of congressional authority to deal with the issues that the Voting Rights Act was designed to address. Powell had only limited success in persuading a majority of his colleagues to support him on these issues. However, the reasoning of the Court’s decisions in the years after Powell left the Court in 1987 has often embraced the arguments made by Powell during his tenure as a justice. This article not only explores Powell’s background and jurisprudence, but also provides the first scholarly discussion of the relationship between his views and the positions currently taken by the Court

Understanding the relationship between design margins and trade-offs

To achieve an objective designers often need to make trade-offs between multiple parameters. In incremental design or during the design process an additional objective is often to minimise the changes they need to make to meet the objective. This is in particular an issue for systems with product platforms, over individual components are over-designed. This paper argues that designers can think about this problem in terms of the margins on the objective parameters as well as the parameters that are traded-off. This is illustrated with the case study of an engineering cooling system

Strategic, tactical decisions and information in Rapid Manufacturing supply chain

The efficiency and agility of its supply chain is vital to the commercial success of any product. Sharing strategic and tactical information effectively within the supply chain is often a key factor in achieving this goal. This paper proposes a framework to identify strategic, tactical decisions and information. The framework is used to conduct a sector based analysis of the Rapid Manufacturing (RM) industry. The decisions and information identified include amongst others various supply chain strategies and technical information

Preliminary performance and life evaluations of a 2-kW arcjet

The first results of a program to expand the operational envelope of low-power arcjets to higher specific impulse and power levels are presented. The performance of a kW-class laboratory model arcjet thruster was characterized at three mass flow rates of a 2:1 mixture of hydrogen and nitrogen at power levels ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 kW. This same thruster was then operated for a total of 300 h at a specific impulse and power level of 550 s and 2.0 kW, respectively, in three continuous 100-h sessions. Thruster operation during the three test segments was stable, and no measurable performance degradation was observed during the test series. Substantial cathode erosion was observed during an inspection following the second 100-h test segment. Most notable was the migration of material from the center of the cathode tip to a ring around a large crater. The anode sustained no significant damage during the endurance test segments. Some difficulty was encountered during start-up after disassembly and inspection following the second 100-h test segment, which caused constrictor erosion. This resulted in a reduced flow restriction and arc chamber pressure, which in turn caused a reduction in the arc impedance

Fertilizing hay and pasture crops in Missouri

Digitized 2007 AES MoU.Includes bibliographical references (page 35)