Access to information about solid waste management: Implications on residents' attitudes in Eldoret Municipality, Kenya

No Abstrac

Primary aldosteronism: molecular medicine meets public health.

Primary aldosteronism is the most common single cause of hypertension and is potentially curable when only one adrenal gland is the culprit. The importance of primary aldosteronism to public health derives from its high prevalence but huge under-diagnosis (estimated to be <1% of all affected individuals), despite the consequences of poor blood pressure control by conventional therapy and enhanced cardiovascular risk. This state of affairs is attributable to the fact that the tools used for diagnosis or treatment are still those that originated in the 1970-1990s. Conversely, molecular discoveries have transformed our understanding of adrenal physiology and pathology. Many molecules and processes associated with constant adrenocortical renewal and interzonal metamorphosis also feature in aldosterone-producing adenomas and aldosterone-producing micronodules. The adrenal gland has one of the most significant rates of non-silent somatic mutations, with frequent selection of those driving autonomous aldosterone production, and distinct clinical presentations and outcomes for most genotypes. The disappearance of aldosterone synthesis and cells from most of the adult human zona glomerulosa is the likely driver of the mutational success that causes aldosterone-producing adenomas, but insights into the pathways that lead to constitutive aldosterone production and cell survival may open up opportunities for novel therapies

Modeling of Root-reinforced Soil Slope under Rainfall Condition

This paper presents the results of geotechnical centrifuge and numerical modeling study of root-reinforced systems on soil slopes. The centrifuge models were designed to simulate a soil slope reinforced by vetiver grass root system commonly grows in Southeast Asian countries. Unreinforced and root-reinforced soil slope models were subjected to heavy rainfall using a rainfall simulator designed for a geotechnical centrifuge. Results of the study show that the root system causes a reduction of rainwater infiltration rate, delay in the response of groundwater table, and increasing in soil shear strength. The results were validated by comparing centrifuge modeling test results with numerical modeling analyses based on limit equilibrium and finite element methods. The transient seepage analysis results were employed in the slope stability analysis. The numerical analysis shows a good agreement in failure mechanisms with the observations from centrifuge modeling tests.This paper presents the results of geotechnical centrifuge and numerical modeling study of root-reinforced systems on soil slopes. The centrifuge models were designed to simulate a soil slope reinforced by vetiver grass root system commonly grows in Southeast Asian countries. Unreinforced and root-reinforced soil slope models were subjected to heavy rainfall using a rainfall simulator designed for a geotechnical centrifuge. Results of the study show that the root system causes a reduction of rainwater infiltration rate, delay in the response of groundwater table, and increasing in soil shear strength. The results were validated by comparing centrifuge modeling test results with numerical modeling analyses based on limit equilibrium and finite element methods. The transient seepage analysis results were employed in the slope stability analysis. The numerical analysis shows a good agreement in failure mechanisms with the observations from centrifuge modeling tests

Efectos de la sal sobre la solubilidad y las propiedades emulsionantes de la caseína y sus hidrolizados trípticos

This work reports an investigation about the effect of NaCl addition (0.02 mol/L) on some functional properties of casein(CA) and its tryptic hydrolysates (TH). The solubility, the emulsifying capacity (EC), the emulsifying activity index(EAI) and the emulsion stability (ES) were determined at two pH values (4.0 and 5.0). The results showed that thisprocedure was benefi cial for the solubility of CA and TH, being more intense at pH 5.0 and 4.0, respectively. Also, apositive effect of NaCl addition was observed for CA and TH, at both pH values, and the best results for both sampleswere achieved at pH 5.0. The ES was slightly affected by the presence of salt and only for some samples of CA andTH it was increased. Contrarily, the EAI values of casein were reduced with the addition of NaCl at pH 4.0 and 5.0,while those of TH were positively affected by this treatment at both pH values.En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de una investigación sobre los efectos de la adición de NaCl (0,02 mol/L)sobre algunas propiedades funcionales de la caseína (CA) y de sus hidrolizados trípticos (TH). Se determinaron lasolubilidad, la capacidad emulsionante (CE), el índice de actividad emulsionante (IAE) y la estabilidad de la emulsión(EE) con dos valores de pH (4,0 y 5,0). Los resultados demostraron que el procedimiento era benefi cioso parala solubilidad de CA y TH, siendo más intensa con pH 5,0 y 4,0, respectivamente. También se observó un efectopositivo de la adición de NaCl en CA y TH, con ambos valores de pH, consiguiéndose los mejores resultados conpH 5,0. La EE se vio ligeramente afectada por la presencia de sal, y sólo aumentó en algunas muestras de CA yTH. Por el contrario, los valores del IAE de la caseína se redujeron al añadir NaCl con pH 4,0 y 5,0, mientras quelas de TH se vieron afectadas positivamente por este tratamiento con ambos valores de pH