Visualization of smoke stack plume

System consists of ultraviolet vidicon tube, interference and color filters, ultraviolet telephoto lens, monitor, and waveform analyzer to extract information from video scene, stack plume viewed against sky. System will view SO2 and any other element which absorbs light at wavelength used

TV fatigue crack monitoring system

An apparatus is disclosed for monitoring the development and growth of fatigue cracks in a test specimen subjected to a pulsating tensile load. A plurality of television cameras photograph a test specimen which is illuminated at the point of maximum tensile stress. The television cameras have a modified vidicon tube which has an increased persistence time thereby eliminating flicker in the displayed images

A four-channel portable solar radiometer for measuring particulate and/or aerosol opacity and concentration of NO2 and SO2 in stack plumes

Solar absorption radiometry has been investigated as a method of measuring stackplume effluents. A simple and inexpensive instrument was constructed for observing the sun at four wavelengths: 800, 600, 400, and 310 nm. Higher wavelength channels measured the effect of the particulates and NO2, and an ultraviolet channel measured the contribution of SO2 to the attenuation. Stack-plume measurements of opacity and concentration of NO2 and SO2 were in basic agreement with in-stack measurements. The major limitation on the use of the radiometer is the requirement for an accessible viewing position which allows the sun-plume-observer relationship to be attained. It was concluded that the solar radiometer offers an inexpensive method for monitoring plume effluents when the viewing position is not restricted

Rotating filters permit wide range of optical pyrometry

Gear-driven dual filter disks of graduated density vary linearly with respect to rotation, allowing a wide range of photographic pyrometry. this technique is applicable in metallurgy, glass, plastics and refractory research, and crystallography

Simple optical system used to align spectrograph

Optically fast, portable spectrograph incorporates auxiliary optics in a boresight technique to use the zero order of the grating for visual alignment. This device obtains moderately resolved spectra of a multitude of light sources

Modified contour projector makes excellent contour densitometer

Thin glass beam splitter, densitometer head, and densitometer electronics are incorporated in a standard contour projector. The density contour of small areas of photographic film can be read. This instrument can be used as a research tool in process engineering

An ultraviolet video technique for visualization of stack plumes and for measuring sulfur dioxide concentration and effluent velocity

Absorption spectroscopy utilizing a video sensing technique was investigated as a means of visualizing SO2 in power plant stack plumes and for measuring SO2 concentration and effluent velocity in these plumes. The absorption of SO2 is measured in the ultraviolet region by using the sky as a background source. An additional spectral channel is used to correct for particulate scattering encountered in coal fired power plant plumes. The video system also tracks fluctuations in the SO2 concentration which leads to the determination of an eddy convection velocity. Field measurements were performed to show that the eddy convection velocity is proportional to the average in-stack velocity and to empirically determine their relationship. It was concluded that the video absorption technique is an attractive method for remotely determining both SO2 concentration and plume velocity with the same instrument

q-Analogue of Shock Soliton Solution

By using Jackson's q-exponential function we introduce the generating function, the recursive formulas and the second order q-differential equation for the q-Hermite polynomials. This allows us to solve the q-heat equation in terms of q-Kampe de Feriet polynomials with arbitrary N moving zeroes, and to find operator solution for the Initial Value Problem for the q-heat equation. By the q-analog of the Cole-Hopf transformation we construct the q-Burgers type nonlinear heat equation with quadratic dispersion and the cubic nonlinearity. In q -> 1 limit it reduces to the standard Burgers equation. Exact solutions for the q-Burgers equation in the form of moving poles, singular and regular q-shock soliton solutions are found.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figure

Planar Rayleigh scattering results in helium-air mixing experiments in a Mach-6 wind tunnel

Planar Rayleigh scattering measurements with an argon—fluoride excimer laser are performed to investigate helium mixing into air at supersonic speeds. The capability of the Rayleigh scattering technique for flow visualization of a turbulent environment is demonstrated in a large-scale, Mach-6 facility. The detection limit obtained with the present setup indicates that planar, quantitative measurements of density can be made over a large cross-sectional area (5 cm × 10 cm) of the flow field in the absence of clusters

qq-graded Heisenberg algebras and deformed supersymmetries

The notion of $q$-grading on the enveloping algebra generated by products of q-deformed Heisenberg algebras is introduced for $q$ complex number in the unit disc. Within this formulation, we consider the extension of the notion of supersymmetry in the enveloping algebra. We recover the ordinary $\mathbb{Z}_2$ grading or Grassmann parity for associative superalgebra, and a modified version of the usual supersymmetry. As a specific problem, we focus on the interesting limit $q\to -1$ for which the Arik and Coon deformation of the Heisenberg algebra allows to map fermionic modes to bosonic ones in a modified sense. Different algebraic consequences are discussed.Comment: 2 figure