On some properties of the water-vapor spectrum and their relations to atmospheric radiation

In the present paper we investigate the physical consequences of the fact that the water vapor spectrum in the far infrared consists of a large number of narrow lines. It will be shown that the average width of these lines is much smaller than the intervals which could be resolved with the spectrographs used hitherto. For thick layer of vapor complete absorption is nevertheless reached in most parts of the spectrum. It can be shown that under such circumstances the total absorption is approximately proportional to the air pressure in the absorbing layers and is inversely proportional to the square root of the absolute temperature. There is an additional variation with temperature of a more complex type which cannot yet be quantitatively evaluated from the available measurements, but it is probably not very large

Flocking Regimes in a Simple Lattice Model

We study a one-dimensional lattice flocking model incorporating all three of the flocking criteria proposed by Reynolds [Computer Graphics vol.21 4 (1987)]: alignment, centring and separation. The model generalises that introduced by O. J. O' Loan and M. R. Evans [J. Phys. A. vol. 32 L99 (1999)]. We motivate the dynamical rules by microscopic sampling considerations. The model exhibits various flocking regimes: the alternating flock, the homogeneous flock and dipole structures. We investigate these regimes numerically and within a continuum mean-field theory.Comment: 24 pages 7 figure

Archaeological assessment and report of investigations involving Sweetwater Creek Watershed (PL-566), Philadelphia, Loudon County, Tennessee

An archaeological survey-reconnaissance of the Sweetwater Creek project area, located in Philadelphia, Tennessee, was conducted by one of the authors during April, 1981. At least 15 archaeological sites were defined in the project area on the basis of combined documentary and archaeological evidence. These include three nineteenth century mill sites, a historically significant spring, and at least eleven domestic-craft occupations. In addition, the presence of a Civil War battlefield in the project area is strongly inferred, although its exact location has not been defined archaeologically; no evidence of prehistoric occupations was noted. It is recommended that all sites in the project area be preserved. Secondary testing and/or mitigation of the archaeological resources will be required if preservation of the sites is not feasible. It is further recommended that the town of Philadelphia, including the project area, be nominated to the National Register of Historic Places as a Historic District.https://scholar.utc.edu/archaeology-reports/1078/thumbnail.jp

Prehistoric and historic cultural resources in the Chattanooga area and an assessment of four prospective sites for the proposed River Port at Chattanooga, Hamilton County, Tennessee

In July, 1981, personnel of the Jeffrey L. Brown Institute of Archaeology, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, conducted a preliminary assessment of four prospective sites under consideration for the construction of a river port facility at the city of Chattanooga, Hamilton County, Tennessee, in accordance with an agreement between the Institute and the firm of Sverdrup and Parcel and Associates, Inc. The study was based on a review of available archival, documentary, and published data relevant to the Chattanooga area. This study revealed that all four prospective sites are known to contain cultural remains, but the overall significance of these remains could not be determined at the documentary level of research. Furthermore, it is highly probable that each of the sites contain additional cultural resources not presently recorded, including deeply buried prehistoric material. Additional archaeological research will therefore be necessary for any of the prospective sites that will be subjected to development or other land-altering activities. In order to determine the nature and extent of the cultural resources present at each of the sites slated for development, we make the following recommendations: 1. a thorough surface rennaissance of the site area; 2. subsurface testing in the form of small hand-excavated units in all areas of low surface visibility and additionally as deemed necessary; 3. extensive mechanical testing for deeply buried components; 4. determination of National Register eligibility based on the results of the testing program outlined above.https://scholar.utc.edu/archaeology-reports/1072/thumbnail.jp

Test excavations at Citico (40HA65) Hamilton County, Tennessee

In June and July, 1988 test excavations were conducted on a portion of the Citico Site (40HA65). A considerable amount of cultural material, structural features and human burials were documented. More importantly, it was demonstrated that significant portions of the site remain archaeologically intact. Further research would provide valuable insights concerning this major southeastern site.https://scholar.utc.edu/archaeology-reports/1070/thumbnail.jp

Financial Inclusion and GDP Per Capita in Africa: A Bayesian VAR Model

Can GDP per capita translate into higher financial inclusion in Africa?  Our application of a Bayesian VAR model to the World Bank Development Indicators datasets for 15 African countries over the period from 2005 to 2014, provides affirmative evidence to this question. The findings show that GDP per capita has significant impacts on financial inclusion, signifying thereby how increases in GDP per capita can be used to drive the needed financial inclusion in Africa. It is, however, interesting to note that financial inclusion has an insignificant but positive impact on GDP per capita. On the other hand, the evidence suggests that broad money, credit supply, literacy, internet users and servers have positive and significant impacts on financial inclusion. Moreover, the internet is coming out to be a significant variable indicating that more attention is required to be paid to developing internet access in Africa for the advancement of financial inclusion. The findings of this study should be of help to African central banks’ policymakers and commercial bankers as they advance innovative approaches to enhance the involvement of excluded poor people in formal finance. Keywords: Financial inclusion, income, Bayesian VA

Race relations in colonial Queensland: A history of exclusion, exploitation, and extermination

No abstract availabl

Description of a new approach for great auricular and auriculotemporal nerve blocks: A cadaveric study in foxes and dogs

Otitis externa is a painful condition that may require surgical intervention in dogs. A balanced analgesia protocol should combine systemic analgesic agents and local anaesthesia techniques. The aim of the study was to find anatomical landmarks for the great auricular and the auriculotemporal nerves that transmit nociceptive information from the ear pinna and to develop the optimal technique for a nerve block. The study consisted of two phases. In phase I, one fox cadaver was used for dissection and anatomical localization of the auricular nerves to derive landmarks for needle insertion. Eight fox cadavers were subsequently used to evaluate the accuracy of the technique by injecting methylene blue bilaterally. In phase II findings from phase I were applied in four Beagle canine cadavers. A block was deemed successful if more than 0.6 cm of the nerve's length was stained. Successful great auricular nerve block was achieved by inserting the needle superficially along the wing of the atlas with the needle pointing towards the jugular groove. For the auriculotemporal nerve block the needle was inserted perpendicular to the skin at the caudal lateral border of the zygomatic arch, close to the temporal process. The overall success rate was 24 out of 24 (100%) and 22 out of 24 (91%) for the great auricular and the auriculotemporal nerves, respectively, while the facial nerve was stained on three occasions. Our results suggest that it is feasible to achieve a block of the auricular nerves, based on anatomical landmarks, without concurrently affecting the facial nerv