Evaluation of interseeded grain sorghum and soybeans as 8 silage crop

Interseeded grain sorghum and soybeans were harvested at late-boot, milk, and late-dough maturity stages of the sorghum (62, 77, and 91 days post-planting, respectively). Maximum dry matter yield occurred at the late-dough stage and interseeded silages had higher crude protein contents than the control, late-dough) grain sorghum silage. All silages underwent normal homolactic fermentations and were well preserved. Cellulose and acid detergent fiber contents were also higher in the mixtures than in the control silage, but fiber values decreased as maturity advanced. Digestibilities of most nutrients were similar in the rations, but when considered with chemical composition and yield data, late-dough harvest maximized utilization of the interseeded sorghum-soybean silage. Response to the silage inoculant Biomate® was determined in laboratory silos, and the greatest benefit occurred in the milk stage silage. Cattle fed the late-dough stage grain sorghum control silage had faster (P<.05) gains and higher intakes than those fed the late-dough sorghum-soybean silage. Adding grain improved gain and intake only for cattle fed the interseeded silage. In a subsequent trial, seeding grain sorghum and soybeans in alternating 15-inch rows increased the proportion of soybean plants and crude protein in the mixture at the late-dough harvest, with similar dry matter yields

Yield, chemical composition, and feeding value of winter cereal silages and hays: A 3 year study

Three trials were conducted to compare silage and hay yields and feeding values of winter cereal foraged harvested in the boot and dough stages of maturity. Included were triticale; common rye; Kanby barley; and Centurk, Arkan, and Bounty 205 wheats. As expected, forage dry matter (DM) yields were higher at the dough stage then boot stage, and silage yields tended to be higher than those for hay. In Trials 2 and 3 (1986-87), barley and rye forage yields were lower than wheat yields. In all three years, wet weather conditions made hay-making difficult. In Trial 1, cattle performance from dough stage wheat (Centurk) and triticale, both silages and hays, was very poor, with daily gains from .9 to 1.2 lb and DM intakes below 2.0% of body weight. Triticale and Centurk wheat forages were high in fiber, and their dough silages had low intakes and digestibilities. Digestion trial results indicated that Arkan and Bounty wheats, Kanby barley, and rye generally had higher feeding values at the boot stage than at the dough stage, and that how well the silage or hay was preserved was a major factor influencing final feeding values

Evaluation of interseeded grain sorghum and soybeans as a silage crop

Interseeded grain sorghum and soybeans have been evaluated as a silage crop over a 3year period. In the first 2 years, maximum dry matter (DM) yields occurred at the late-dough stage of the grain sorghum, and interseeded silages had higher crude protein (CP) and acid detergent fiber contents than non-interseeded late-dough stage, grain sorghum control silages. In year 2, seeding grain sorghum and soybeans in alternating IS-inch rows increased DM yield, CP content, and the proportion of soybean plants in the mixture compared to drilled (6-inch spacing) interseeding. Digestibilities of most nutrients were similar in all silages; however, cattle fed control silage consumed the most DM in year 1, but not in year 2. In both years, calves fed the control silages had faster gains than those fed drilled sorghum-soybean silages. Adding grain improved gain and intake only for calves fed the interseeded silage in year 1. In year 3, seeding grain sorghum and Williams 82 soybeans in alternating rows did not increase DM yield over the drilled interseeding. However, the drilled mixture had a much higher proportion of soybean plants compared to the first two years. All mixtures had higher CP content than control grain sorghum

Efeitos do estresse térmico sobre a produção, composição química do leite e respostas termorreguladoras de cabras da raça alpina Thermal stress effects on milk yield and chemical composition and thermoregulatory responses of lactating alpines goats

Seis cabras da raça Alpina, com produção média de leite de 2,5 kg/dia, foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos de três e submetidas à termoneutralidade ou estresse térmico por 56 dias em câmara climática. Usou-se um delineamento estatístico "crossover". A temperatura média do ar diurna, incluindo radiação solar simulada, foi de 33,84ºC. Os animais estressados aumentaram a freqüência respiratória, o volume-minuto respiratório, a termólise-evaporativa respiratória, temperatura retal e a taxa de sudorese, enquanto o volume corrente respiratório e o volume globular diminuíram. Houve também perda de peso, redução da ingestão de alimentos e duplicação do consumo de água. A produção de leite e a porcentagem de gordura, proteína, lactose e sólidos totais diminuíram. Os teores de cloretos, cálcio e fósforo não sofreram alteração. Concluiu-se que, para manter a homeotermia, as cabras mobilizaram o sistema respiratório e sudoríparo para perder calor. A alta temperatura ambiente efetiva reduziu a produção e os teores de alguns componentes do leite.<br>Six Alpine goats with an average milk yield of 2.5 kg/day were randomly assigned to two groups of three and allotted to thermoneutral or heat stress conditions, for 56 days in climate chamber room. A crossover experimental design was used. The goats under heat stress were exposed to a diurnal average air temperature plus simulated solar radiation of 33. 84ºC. The heat-stressed goats showed elevated respiratory frequency, respiratory minute volume, respiratory evaporation, rectal temperature and sweating rate, while the tidal volume and packed cell volume decreased. Further weight loss, decreased feed intake, and their water consumption doubled. The milk yield, the percentage of fat, protein, lactose and total solid contents decreased. The contents of chloride, calcium and phosphorus did not change. The goats mobilized the respiratory and sweating systems to lose heat to maintain homeothermy. The association between high air temperature and simulated solar radiation reduced the milk yield and the content of some milk components