A Plan for the Economic Development for the Gaza Strip: Free Industrial Zone on Land and on Artificial Islands

Presents a plan for the sustainable economic development of the Gaza Strip with primary concerns discussing job creation, sustainable economic development, and environmental security

International Migration as Absolute Natural Law: An Inquiry into International Migration from the Perspective of Legal Philosophy

This paper investigates to what extent international migration law is coherent with the concept of migration as a natural human right. Based on the assumption that migration is an inherently human behavior, beneficial to humankind, and therefore natural law, an analysis of the most prominent sources of international migration law is undertaken. The result of the analysis shows that modern international migration law is largely in line with the concept of natural law, and that the criminalization of migration happens on the domestic level, where economic and populist motivations inform policy makers and shape the law

The Tolstoy-Dolan Mission and the Establishment of US-Tibetan Relations: An investigation into the events that unfolded after the first visit of American representatives to Lhasa in 1943

This article investigates the events that unfolded during and after the visit of two Office of Strategic Service (OSS) agents to Lhasa in spring 1943. To date, not much is known about this first visit of American representatives to the state of Tibet, which happened at a time when the US and its allies’ strategic priority was the containment of Japanese influence in the China-Burma-India (CBI) Theater. Through an analysis of cables between the US government agencies in Washington and with embassies of allies in both Washington and Chongqing, this article reconstructs these events. More specifically, the complications that unfolded throughout the year 1943 can be traced back to the visit of Captain Ilia Tolstoy and Lieutenant Brooke Dolan to Lhasa in February. The major findings of this analysis are: 1) Lhasa was actively endeavoring independence from China and sought to do so by establishing friendly relations with the US, prior to the end of WWII; 2) the involvement of the OSS in the Tibetan independence struggle, at the time against the advice of the State Department, foreshadows the CIA’s actions in Tibet in the 1950s; 3) the suboptimal communication between US government agencies, as well as the secretiveness among the Allied forces, most prominently the Chongqing Government

The Spherical Tensor Gradient Operator

The spherical tensor gradient operator ${\mathcal{Y}}_{\ell}^{m} (\nabla)$, which is obtained by replacing the Cartesian components of $\bm{r}$ by the Cartesian components of $\nabla$ in the regular solid harmonic ${\mathcal{Y}}_{\ell}^{m} (\bm{r})$, is an irreducible spherical tensor of rank $\ell$. Accordingly, its application to a scalar function produces an irreducible spherical tensor of rank $\ell$. Thus, it is in principle sufficient to consider only multicenter integrals of scalar functions: Higher angular momentum states can be generated by differentiation with respect to the nuclear coordinates. Many of the properties of ${\mathcal{Y}}_{\ell}^{m} (\nabla)$ can be understood easily with the help of an old theorem on differentiation by Hobson [Proc. London Math. Soc. {\bf 24}, 54 - 67 (1892)]. It follows from Hobson's theorem that some scalar functions of considerable relevance as for example the Coulomb potential, Gaussian functions, or reduced Bessel functions produce particularly compact results if ${\mathcal{Y}}_{\ell}^{m} (\nabla)$ is applied to them. Fourier transformation is very helpful to understand the properties of ${\mathcal{Y}}_{\ell}^{m} (\nabla)$ since it produces ${\mathcal{Y}}_{\ell}^{m} (-\mathrm{i} \bm{p})$. It is also possible to apply ${\mathcal{Y}}_{\ell}^{m} (\nabla)$ to generalized functions, yielding for instance the spherical delta function $\delta_{\ell}^{m} (\bm{r})$. The differential operator ${\mathcal{Y}}_{\ell}^{m} (\nabla)$ can also be used for the derivation of pointwise convergent addition theorems. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated by deriving the addition theorem of $r^{\nu} {\mathcal{Y}_{\ell}^{m}} (\bm{r})$ with $\nu \in \mathbb{R}$.Comment: 55 pages, LaTeX2e, 0 figure

Rhinoclemmys areolata

Number of Pages: 2Integrative BiologyEarth and Planetary Science