Characterization of Wild Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) Genotypes Selected from Cappadocia Region (Nevsehir-Turkey) by SSR Markers

Cappadocia region of Anatolia hosts the third largest wild apricot population in Turkey. The objective of the study was to characterize 44 wild apricot genotypes selected from Cappadocia Region (Nevsehir-Turkey) as prominent with their late flowering, resistance to spring late frosts, large fruit sizes and/or late fruit ripening characteristics and 5 reference apricot cultivars ('Hacihaliloglu', 'Kabaasi', 'Hasanbey', 'Aprikoz' and 'Levent') with SSR (simple sequence repeats) markers. A total of 16 SSR primers were used and 13 of them were successfully amplified. Total number of alleles was 107, average number of alleles was 8.23; average lie and Ho values were 0.722 and 0.669, respectively. Polymorphism information content (PIC) values varied between 0.471 and 0.845. There was a quite high genetic diversity among wild apricot genotypes that genetic similarity values varied between 12 and 96%. Homonymous and synonymous genotypes were not encountered

Spring late frost resistance of selected wild apricot genotypes (Prunus armeniaca L.) from Cappadocia region, Turkey

Spring late frost is the most important problem in apricot growing. One of the effective and long-lasting solutions is the development of genotypes with frost resistance as well as late flowering. In this study, low temperature resistance of 36 wild apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.), selected for their survival after severe spring late frosts in their natural environments among the rich genetic resources of Cappadocia (Nevsehir-Turkey) was determined by artificial freezing tests in controlled conditions. Apricot cultivars of Hacihaliloglu, Kabaasi, Hasanbey, Aprikoz and Levent were used as control. Low temperatures were applied to flower buds, flowers and young fruits at red calyx (-8 degrees C), balloon (-8 degrees C), full flowering (-4 degrees C), petal fall (-3 degrees C) and young fruit (-3 degrees C) stages for 2 hours. The cooling rate was 2 degrees C h(-1) with linear decline. Survival rates (%) of female organs in flowers and seeds in young fruits were determined by visual assesments, and by electrical conductivity (mu S.cm(-1)) measurements which is an indication of ion leakage from damaged tissues in genotypes. The results showed that resistance of the wild apricots to low temperatures varied by developmental stage. Overall, most of the genotypes had higher survival rates than the standard apricot cultivars. However, genotypes # 24 and 45 exhibited high viability rates (68.3% <) and low EC values (< 30.1%) at many stages of development in both years, and were considered resistant to spring late frosts. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis with the genotypes' survival rate (%) and electrical conductivity (mu S cm(-1)) data together without discrimination of growth stage placed these two genotypes in the same group

Construction of a Dense Genetic Linkage Map and Identification of QTLs for Aroma Compounds in the Apple Progeny ‘Kasel-37 X Delbarestivale’

In the focus of the discipline of environmental ethics stands the moral relationship between human beings and the environment. The development of this science was necessary due to the traditional anthropocentrical approach, which provided an excellent moral base for the exploitation of our natural environment. Although nature was the focus of much of nineteenth and twentieth century philosophy, contemporary environmental ethics only emerged as an academic discipline in the 1970s. Basically two main lines can be distinguished: the invidualistic and the holistic approach. The main idea of individualism (biocentric), similarly to traditional anthropocentrical paradigm, is that only individuals can represent value, which must be respected by others. These individuals are not only human beings, but all living being?, because each individual living thing in nature - whether it is an animal, a plant, or a micro-organism - is a ‘teleological-center-of-life’ having a good or well-being of its own which can be enhanced or damaged, and that all individuals who are teleological-centers-of life have equal intrinsic value (or ‘inherent worth’) which entitles them to moral respect. The holistic approach offers a totally different solution by extending the moral concern to the whole biosphere. Hereinafter this article, along with the most popular disciplines of environmental ethics, examines whether non human beings can have legal standing or not.In the focus of the discipline of environmental ethics stands the moral relationship between human beings and the environment. The development of this science was necessary due to the traditional anthropocentrical approach, which provided an excellent moral base for the exploitation of our natural environment. Although nature was the focus of much of nineteenth and twentieth century philosophy, contemporary environmental ethics only emerged as an academic discipline in the 1970s. Basically two main lines can be distinguished: the invidualistic and the holistic approach. The main idea of individualism (biocentric), similarly to traditional anthropocentrical paradigm, is that only individuals can represent value, which must be respected by others. These individuals are not only human beings, but all living being?, because each individual living thing in nature - whether it is an animal, a plant, or a micro-organism - is a ‘teleological-center-of-life’ having a good or well-being of its own which can be enhanced or damaged, and that all individuals who are teleological-centers-of life have equal intrinsic value (or ‘inherent worth’) which entitles them to moral respect. The holistic approach offers a totally different solution by extending the moral concern to the whole biosphere. Hereinafter this article, along with the most popular disciplines of environmental ethics, examines whether non human beings can have legal standing or not

Spring late frost resistance of selected wild apricot genotypes (Prunus armeniaca L.) from Cappadocia region, Turkey

WOS:000456762700040Spring late frost is the most important problem in apricot growing. One of the effective and long-lasting solutions is the development of genotypes with frost resistance as well as late flowering. In this study, low temperature resistance of 36 wild apricots (Prunus armeniaca L.), selected for their survival after severe spring late frosts in their natural environments among the rich genetic resources of Cappadocia (Nevsehir-Turkey) was determined by artificial freezing tests in controlled conditions. Apricot cultivars of Hacihaliloglu, Kabaasi, Hasanbey, Aprikoz and Levent were used as control. Low temperatures were applied to flower buds, flowers and young fruits at red calyx (-8 degrees C), balloon (-8 degrees C), full flowering (-4 degrees C), petal fall (-3 degrees C) and young fruit (-3 degrees C) stages for 2 hours. The cooling rate was 2 degrees C h(-1) with linear decline. Survival rates (%) of female organs in flowers and seeds in young fruits were determined by visual assesments, and by electrical conductivity (mu S.cm(-1)) measurements which is an indication of ion leakage from damaged tissues in genotypes. The results showed that resistance of the wild apricots to low temperatures varied by developmental stage. Overall, most of the genotypes had higher survival rates than the standard apricot cultivars. However, genotypes # 24 and 45 exhibited high viability rates (68.3% <) and low EC values (< 30.1%) at many stages of development in both years, and were considered resistant to spring late frosts. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis with the genotypes' survival rate (%) and electrical conductivity (mu S cm(-1)) data together without discrimination of growth stage placed these two genotypes in the same group.TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [114O279]This research was supported by TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey), project no 114O279. Assistance of Nevsehir Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry in field studies in Cappadocia region were greatly appreciated