ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECT OF PROPOFOL ON SOMATIC AND VISCERAL PAIN IN SUBHYPNOTIC DOSES

In this study we examined the effect of propofol on somatic and visceral pain in mice. A thermal method (tail immersion) and a chemical method (acetic-acid-induced writhing) were used to determine the antinociceptive effect of propofol. First we determined the dose-response relationships of propofol with a preliminary study. Then propofol was administered according to the results of the preliminary experiment. We used the subhypnotic and nonsedative doses of propofol in the experiments. This dose was lower than 10 mg/kg for mice according to our findings, and ED50 sedation for propofol was 33 mg/kg. Propofol retarded tail withdrawal latencies and decreased writhing numbers of mice in a dose-dependent manner in dosages of 10 and 5 mg/kg (P 0.05). These results suggest that propofol has an antinociceptive effect on visceral as well as on somatic pain when given in subhypnotic doses

SISTER-CHROMATID EXCHANGE INDUCING EFFECT OF SMOKELESS TOBACCO USING ON T-LYMPHOCYTE CHROMOSOMES

A kind of a smokeless tobacco (Maras powder) is widely used instead of cigarettes in the South Eastern region of Turkey. In this study we investigated the sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) inducing effect of this powder on the chromosomes of its users compared with smokers and nonsmokers using standard cell culture methods and SCE staining techniques. Average SCE per metaphase and total SCEs increased significantly among both smokeless tobacco users and smokers compared to nonsmokers (p < 0.01). However, the effect is significantly lower in smokeless tobacco users than in smokers (p < 0.05)

HYPOGLYCEMIC EFFECT OF ZIZYPHUS-JUJUBA LEAVES

Zizyphus jujuba leaves have been widely used as a hypoglycaemic agent by diabetics in some regions of Turkey. In this study, the effects of Z. jujuba leaves on plasma glucose levels in normo- and hyperglycaemic rats were investigated. In addition, the chronic toxicity of Z. jujuba leaves was investigated in normoglycaemic rats

Pharmacokinetic and bioequivalence study of meloxicam tablets in healthy male subjects

Meloxicam (CAS 71125-38-7), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is used for the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatic arthritis. In the present study, two different oral meloxicam formulations (Melcam (R) 15 mg tablets as test preparation and tablets of a reference preparation) were investigated in 24 healthy male subjects in order to prove bioequivalence between both preparations. A single 15 mg oral dose was administered according to an open, randomised, two-period cross-over design in the fasted state. Blood samples for the determination of meloxicam plasma concentrations were collected at pre-defined time points up to 96 h following drug administration. A wash-out period of 7-8 days separated both treatment periods. Meloxicam plasma concentrations were determined by means of a validated HPLC method with UV-detection. Maximum plasma concentrations (C-max) of 1,146.9 ng/ml (test) and 1,064.8 ng/nil (reference) were achieved. Areas under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC(0-infinity)) of 34,499.0 ng - h/nd (test) and 33,784.3 ng . h/ml (reference) were determined. The results showed nearly identical rate and extent of drug absorption. Also further pharmacokinetic parameters were well comparable. Thus, t(max) showed values of 5.00 h for both test and reference. The plasma elimination half-life t(1/2)) was 18.29 h (test) und 18.94 h (reference). Both primary target parameters C-max and AUC(0-infinity) were tested parametrically by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the 90% confidence intervals were between 99.46%-105.24% (AUC(0-infinity)) and 103.37%-112.46% (C-max). Bioequivalence between test and reference preparation was demonstrated since for both parameters AUC and C-max the 90% confidence intervals of the T/R ratios of logarithmically transformed data were in the generally accepted range of 80%-125 %

Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence study of doxycycline capsules in healthy male subjects

The aim of the present study was to compare the bioavailability of doxycycline (CAS 564-25-0) from two different doxycycline hyclate (CAS 24390-14-5) capsules (Monodoks((R)) 100 mg capsule as test preparation and 100 mg capsule of the originator product as reference preparation) in 24 healthy male subjects. The study was conducted according to an open-label, randomised two-period cross-over design with a wash-out phase of 16 days. Blood samples for pharmacokinetic profiling were taken up to 72 h post-dose, and doxycycline plasma concentrations were determined with a validated HPLC method with UV-detection