Sigara içen ve içmeyen kronik periodontitisli hastalarda başlangıç periodontal tedavinin dişeti oluğu sıvısı myeloperoksidaz seviyeleri üzerine etkisi

Objective: Smoking is an enviromental risk factor in the onset and progression of periodontal diseases. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of smoking on clinical parameters and GCF MPO levels after initial periodontal therapy in patients with chronic periodontitis. Material and method: The study included 17 (the average 44,5±6.0) smoker and 18 (42.3±3.2) non-smoker patient with chronic periodontitis as evidenced by clinically and radiographically. Clinical periodontal evaluations were performed by using plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD) scores and clinical attachment level (CAL) at baseline and four weeks after initial periodontal therapy. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from four different space with deep periodontal pocket (pocket depth 9 4 mm) in maxilla. DOS MPO samples were assessed by kinetic spectrophotometer method. Results: At baseline, there were no significant diffirences in clinical periodontal parameters between smokers and non-smokers. All clinical periodontal parameters were significantly decreased after initial periodontal therapy in both groups. All parameters in smokers were lower than non-smokers at 4 weeks after therapy. The GCF MPO levels were significantly decreased only in non-smokers. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, we found that smoking effects periodontal healing negatively.   ÖZET Amaç: Sigara kullanımı, periodontal hastalıkların başlamasında ve ilerlemesinde önemli çevresel risk faktörüdür. Bu çalışmada kronik periodontitis teşhisi konulmuş hastalarda sigaranın, başlangıç periodontal tedavinin klinik parametreler ve dişeti oluğu sıvısı (DOS) myeloperoksidaz (MPO) düzeylerine etkisininin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya kronik periodontitis tanısı konmuş, sigara içen 17 (yaş ortalaması 44,6 ± 6.0) hasta ile sigara içmeyen 18 (yaş ortalaması 42,3 ± 3,2) hasta olmak üzere toplam 35 birey dahil edildi. Hastaların klinik değerlendirilmesinde başlangıç ve 1. ayda plak indeksi (P3) ve gingival indeks (G3), sondalama cep derinliği (SCD), klinik ataşman seviyesi (AS) ölçümleri yapıldı. Üst çene anterior bölgeden cep derinliği 94mm sahip 4 bölgeden dişeti oluğu sıvısı toplandı. DOS örneklerinin MPO içeriği, kinetik spektrofotometrik yöntemle tayin edildi. Bulgular: Başlangıçta sigara içen ve içmeyen gruplar arasında klinik parametreler açısından fark bulunamadı. Periodontal tedavi sonrasında başlangıca göre klinik parametrelerde sigara içen ve içmeyen grupta anlamlı derecede azalma gözlendi. Periodontal tedavi sonrasında sigara içen gruba göre sigara içmeyen grupta daha fazla iyileşme gözlendi. DOS MPO aktivitesinde tedavi sonrasında sigara içmeyen grupta anlamlı derecede azalma gözlenirken sigara içen grupta fark gözlenmedi. Sonuç: Bu çalışmanın sınırları içerisinde, sigaranın periodontal tedavi sonrasında iyileşmeyi olumsuz yönde etkilediği gözlenmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Myeloperoksidaz, sigara, periodontiti

Influence Of Different Led Curing-Units On Depth Of Cure and Micro-Hardness Of Nano-Hybrid Resin Composite

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of two second generation LED Light curing units and a third-generation polywave LED Ligth curing unit at three different irradiation durations on surface microhardness and detpth of cure of nanofilled composite resin material. Materials and Methods: EliparTM S10, EliparTM Deep Cure-S, VALO Cordless, was evaluated at 10s, 20s, 40s curing periods in this study. A nanofilled composite FiltekTM Z550 that contains camphorquinone as photoinitiator is used as test material. For microhardness test ninety 6 mm diameter, 4 mm deep cylindrical composite blocks in teflon molds were prepared. For each light source at each application times 10 specimen were prepared (n=10) and tested. Also ninety, 4 mm diameter, 6 mm deep cylindrical composite specimens in a split aluminum mold polymerized with three different light sources at three different durations (n=10) were tested for depth of cure measurement. Data were analyzed statistically by SPSS (Ver: 22.0) and significance test of the difference between the two means (Kolmogorov-Simirnov), the variance analysis, and the Tukey Test used. Results: The values of cure depth were found significantly higher at 40 seconds of irradiation time for all light sources used (p<0.05). Elipar Deep Cure-S showed the higher top surface microhardness at 40s polymerization (p<0.05) Conclusion: All light devices used in the study provided adequate polymerization of the nanofill composite at all application durations in this study. The highest polymerization depth and microhardness values were achieved at 40 sec. polymerization time for all LCUs.

Outer Rotor SRM Design for Electric Vehicle without Reducer via Speed-Up Evolutionary Algorithm

Reducers utilized in automotive industry provide motor to run in most effective region and transmission output torque to increase. However, they cause mass and cost to increase and also efficiency to decrease due to mechanical losses. The aim of this study is to design a direct drive motor (outer rotor switched reluctance motor (OR-SRM)) without reducer resulting in enhanced efficiency for electric vehicle (EV). To estimate dimension and electrical parameters of OR-SRM, mathematical equations are originally derived from its geometry. Considering the constraints of package size and outer diameter, all the dimension parameters of the motor are optimized via multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) to get the desired efficiency and torque. In order to validate the results in the proposed approach, OR-SRM is modeled by Maxwell 3D using optimized dimension parameters. In-wheel OR-SRM with 18/12 poles (30 kW) is manufactured to employ it in an EV. Theoretical results are compared to experimental results. It can be concluded that the results are satisfactory

Epidemiology, anticoagulant treatment and risk of thromboembolism in patients with valvular atrial fibrillation: Results from Atrial Fibrillation in Turkey: Epidemiologic Registry (AFTER)

Background: The aim of this study was to perform a multicenter, prospective investigation regarding the epidemiology, the current effectiveness of therapeutic anticoagulation, and the risk of thromboembolism in patients with valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) based on the records of the Atrial Fibrillation in Turkey: Epidemiologic Registry (AFTER) study. Methods: Patients were selected from a total of 2,242 consecutive admissions that presented with AF diagnosed via electrocardiogram. Those diagnosed with non-valvular AF were excluded from the AFTER study population, which left 497 patients with valvular AF for analysis. Results: The etiology of valvular AF in patients was either attributed to rheumatic mitral valve stenosis (n = 217) or possessing a prosthetic heart valve (n = 280). Out of all the patients with valvular AF, 83.1% were taking warfarin for anticoagulation. Only 36.1% demonstrated a therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR), and among those patients it was found that 19.1% exhibited a labile INR. Multivariate analysis revealed that age was the only independent predictor of thromboembolic events in patients with valvular AF. Conclusions: Many valvular AF patients are not maintained at therapeutic INR levels, which poses a threat to patient health as they age and are at greater risk for thromboembolism

Ga-67 Uptake in a Patient with Breast Cancer

Omurgasızlardan omurgalılara kadar evrimsel olarak oldukça korunan Wnt/β-katenin sinyal yolu hem erken embriyonik gelişimin düzenlenmesinde, hem de erişkin dokularda apoptozis, adipogenez, anjiogenez, sinaps oluşumu gibi olaylarda rol almaktadır. Bununla birlikte bu sinyal yolunda meydana gelen bozuklukların kanser başta olmak üzere birçok ciddi hastalığın etiyolojisinde rolü olduğunun düşünülmesi, son yıllarda bu sinyal yolu ile ilgili araştırmaları oldukça arttırmıştır. Wnt/β-katenin sinyal yolunun bu hastalıklardaki rolünü belirlemeye yönelik çalışmalarda çoğunlukla β-katenin, Axin, Adenomatöz polipozis koli (APC) gibi biyomoleküller araştırılmaktadır. Ayrıca, bu biyomoleküller sadece hastalıkların oluşum mekanizmalarının belirlenmesinde değil, bu hastalıkların tedavisinde hedef olarak da kullanılmaktadırlar. Dolayısıyla Wnt/β-katenin sinyal yolunun en önemli basamağı olan sitoplazmik reaksiyonların ve bu reaksiyonlarda görev alan biyomoleküllerin ortaya konulması sinyal yolunun bütünün tam olarak anlaşılması için oldukça önemlidir. Bu sebeple derlememizde hedef hücre sitoplazmasında görev yapan biyomoleküllerin tartışılması ve bu şekilde sinyal yolunun tam olarak aydınlatılması amaçlanmıştır. Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is highly evolutionarily conserved from invertebrates to vertebrates, regulates apoptosis, adipogenesis, angiogenesis, synapse formation in adult tissues, and controls embryonic development in the embryo. Researches related to the signal pathway because of its probable role in the etiology of serious diseases such as cancer are quite increased. In the studies, for determining the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in these diseases, are mostly investigated biomolecules such as β-catenin, Axin, Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). In addition, these biomolecules are not only used in determining the mechanisms of diseases, but also used as a target for treatment. Thus, determination of the cytoplasmic reactions, which are the most important step of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway, and biomolecules of these reactions are very important for understanding of fully signaling mechanism. Therefore, discussion of biomolecules in the cytoplasm of target cells and identification of the entire mechanism of the signaling pathway were aimed in our review

Histologic and Histomorphometric Assessment of Eggshell-Derived Bone Graft Substitutes on Bone Healing in Rats

Objective: The objective of this study was to histologically and histomorphometrically evaluate the efficacy of the new formulations of eggshell-derived calcium carbonate in rats. Study Design: The study was conducted on 30 adult male rats. Four standardized and circular intra-bony defects were created in the both maxilla and mandibula of each animal. Three different graft materials were prepared as follows: 1) Material A: Eggshell-derived calcium carbonate combined with carrageenan gel, 2) Material B: Eggshellderived calcium carbonate combined with xanthan gum gel, and 3) Material C: Eggshell-derived calcium carbonate powder. The right mandibular defect sites were grafted with Material A in all animals, and defects on the left were grafted with Material B. Defects on the right side of maxilla were received Material C in all animals, and all left maxillary defects were remained untreated as controls. The animals were sacrificed either postoperatively on the 15th day, postoperatively on the 30th day or postoperatively on the 45th day. Histomorphometric measurements were made of the areas of newly formed bone, necrotic bone, fibrous tissue and residual graft material. Results: Material A exhibited the highest level of osteoid formation followed by Material B and Material C on the 45th day. In terms of osteoid formation, statistically significant differences were observed between graft materials and controls at 45th day compared to 15th and 30th day (p<0.05). Conclusions: Eggshell-derived graft substitutes in both gel and powder forms are biocompatible materials which may have the potential to enhance the new bone formation

Attitudes and practices against COVID-19 vaccines in Turkiye

OBJECTIVE: Vaccination is the primary way to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine hesitancy and refusal are one of the most important challenges against to reach herd immunity. The aim of this study is to examine the reasons for not get-ting vaccinated and the attitudes toward vaccines by people in Turkiye, who were not vaccinated, even though a COVID-19 vaccine was available for them.METHODS: This cross-sectional study is conducted in Eyupsultan district of Istanbul. The study population is 12,540. A questionnaire consisted of three sections as sociodemographic characteristics, attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines, and Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) scale was used. Among the sample size, participation rate is 69.4%.RESULTS: About 50.2% of the participants (n=259) are male, 80.3% are married, 13.1% are university graduates, and 44.0% are working in a job. About 32.8% of the participants have COVID-19 history. About 34.4% of the participants stat-ed that they would be vaccinated against COVID-19. Although those who define themselves as vaccine refuser are 5.4%, those who still refuse to be vaccinated for COVID-19 are 20.1%. In addition to this, those who are hesitant about COVID-19 vaccines are 45.6%. The most frequently preferred vaccine is comirnaty (41.7%). About 13.1% of the participants stated that "if we had a domestic COVID-19 vaccine, I would have it." The most common sources of information about vaccines are television with 78.4%, and health workers are in the last place with 14.7%. "Concerns about side effects" are the most frequently cited (85.9%) reason for not vaccinating. The mean score of the VAX scale is 42.34 +/- 10.93, and the "mistrust of vaccine benefit" is higher among primary school graduates than other educational status groups (p=0.001).CONCLUSION: Anti-vaccination attitudes have increased with the COVID-19 vaccines during pandemic. Our study is valu-able in terms of examining the reasons of individuals who have not gotten vaccinated even though they had no access prob-lems. Prominent concerns of the population should be approached seriously. Otherwise, vaccine hesitancy can be a decisive factor that would prevent the success of the struggle against pandemic

Comparative analysis of the potential effect of phase I therapy on gingival crevicular fluid myeloperoxidase levels in non-diabetic and diabetic patients with periodontitis

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of periodontal therapy on clinical parameters as well as on myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and of systemically healthy individuals.Materials and Methods: 24 type 2 DM patients subjects, and 21 systemically healthy individuals, both groups with chronic periodontitis, and systemically and periodontally healthy individuals were enrolled. Periodontal clinical parameters, namely periodontal probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), clinical attachment level (CAL), and gingival bleeding time index (GBI), as well as GCF MPO activity, were assessed before and 3 months after non-surgical periodontal therapy. GCF enzyme activity was spectrophotometrically analyzed. Possible correlation between clinical periodontal status and MPO activity was also evaluated.Results: Despite the relatively stable clinical measures and GCF MPO content in the periodontally-healthy subjects, the clinical periodontal status improved, as significant reductions were observed in all of the clinical parameters in periodontitis patients with and without diabetes (p&lt;0.05). GCF MPO activity presented with significant reductions in both of the periodontally-diseased groups after phase I treatment (p&lt;0.05), however it could not reach to the level of periodontal health (p&lt;0.05).Conclusions: Periodontal inflammation is likely to play the major role in the higher MPO activity observed at diseased sites, while diabetes mellitus do not seem to further increase the production of this enzyme. Periodontal treatment can provide successful improvement in clinical periodontal parameters and reduction in enzyme profile of GCF in diabetics

The Atrial Fibrillation in Turkey: Epidemiologic Registry (AFTER)

Background: AFTER (Atrial Fibrillation in Turkey: Epidemiologic Registry) is a prospective,multicenter study designed with the aim of describing the prevalence and epidemiology ofAF practice in Turkey. This study aims to evaluate stroke risk in non-valvular atrial fi brillation(AF) and anticoagulant drug utilization within conformity to AF guidelines.Methods: Patients were recruited in 17 referral hospitals refl ecting all the population of7 geographical regions of Turkey. 2242 consecutive patients who had been admitted with AFon ECG were included in the study. 1745 of these patients, who had non-valvular AF, wereincluded in the statistical evaluation. Stroke risk was evaluated with the CHA2DS2-VASc score.Results: The average age of participants was determined to be 69.2 ± 11.5 years (56%female). Persistent-permanent AF was found to be the most common type of non-valvularAF (78%). The most common comorbid disorder was hypertension (73%). It was found thatoral anticoagulant therapy was used by 40% of all patients, 37% of whom had effective INR(2.0–3.0). Upon multivariate analysis, age was found to be the only independent predictorof stroke among the variables’ effects on thromboembolic events that created CHA2DS2-VAScabbreviations (OR 1.026, p &lt; 0.001).Conclusions: These results suggest that stroke risk scores should be thoroughly heededbased on guidelines, and that anticoagulation must be applied according to their guidance