Pavement Treatment Effectiveness, 1995 SPS-3 and SPS-4 Site Evaluations: National Report

DTFH61-93-C-00060This report presents an evaluation of the performance SHRP SPS-3 and SPS-4 experiment sites based on field reviews after 5 years of performance. Condition evaluation of the section and Expert Task Group performance estimates are the basis for treatment assessments

Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.46 ppm

We present the first results of the Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment for the positive muon magnetic anomaly $a_\mu \equiv (g_\mu-2)/2$. The anomaly is determined from the precision measurements of two angular frequencies. Intensity variation of high-energy positrons from muon decays directly encodes the difference frequency $\omega_a$ between the spin-precession and cyclotron frequencies for polarized muons in a magnetic storage ring. The storage ring magnetic field is measured using nuclear magnetic resonance probes calibrated in terms of the equivalent proton spin precession frequency ${\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p}$ in a spherical water sample at 34.7$^{\circ}$C. The ratio $\omega_a / {\tilde{\omega}'^{}_p}$, together with known fundamental constants, determines $a_\mu({\rm FNAL}) = 116\,592\,040(54)\times 10^{-11}$ (0.46\,ppm). The result is 3.3 standard deviations greater than the standard model prediction and is in excellent agreement with the previous Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) E821 measurement. After combination with previous measurements of both $\mu^+$ and $\mu^-$, the new experimental average of $a_\mu({\rm Exp}) = 116\,592\,061(41)\times 10^{-11}$ (0.35\,ppm) increases the tension between experiment and theory to 4.2 standard deviationsComment: 10 pages; 4 figure

In vitro and in vivo effects of treatment by platelet-activating factor on N-formyl-met-leu-phe-mediated responses of polymorphonuclear leucocytes

Two chemoattractants, the peptide N-formyl-met-leu-phe (FMLP), and the ether phospholipid, platelet activating factor (PAF), each stimulate a variety of in vitro responses in polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN). Because often more than one inflammatory mediator is active during inflammation, we determined the effect on PMN of sequential stimulation with these two agents. Before FMLP stimulation, human PMN were exposed to PAF, at concentrations which gave little or no response when administered alone. PAF enhanced FMLP-elicited superoxide release in a dose-dependent fashion. Likewise, release of granular lysozyme from the cells was increased in PAF treated cells. Similar treatment with other phospholipids, including the lyso derivation of PAF, failed to produce these effects. Incubation with nordihydro-guaiaretic acid, an inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism, had little effect on the enhancement of lysozyme release by PAF. To determine if enhancing effects by PAF might occur also in vivo , we studied rabbits receiving PAF and/or FMLP intravenously. When rabbits received 0·01 Μg PAF (a dose which does not elicit the sustained neutropenia observed with higher doses of PAF) followed by 0·05 Μg FMLP the absolute granulocyte count (AGC) dropped at 1 min (46 ± 11% of original value), and continued to fall (24 ± 12% at 10 min). Controls, treated with the suspending fluid for PAF, and then 0·05 Μg FMLP, had a similar 1 min AGC value, but at 10 min AGC returned to 65±6·1% ( P <0·001 for comparison of 10 min values). Thus PAF pretreatment enhanced FMLP-elicited granulocytopenia in vivo . Study of in vitro human PMN aggregation revealed that, at certain relative concentrations of PAF and FMLP. aggregation was enhanced. These studies show that both in vitro and in vivo responses of FMLP-stimulated PMN may be exaggerated by pre-exposure to PAF.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72047/1/j.1365-2141.1987.tb01302.x.pd

Moisture susceptibility of Nano-sized Hydrated Lime-modified foamed Warm Mix Asphalt mixes

Despite the obvious benefits of Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) technologies are stealing the spotlight from classic Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA), there are concerns regarding moisture susceptibility of the mixes especially when it comes to the technologies that mainly depend on applying water (i.e., foaming). The primary objective of the research was to investigate the moisture susceptibility of foamed WMA mixes modified with Nanosized Hydrated Lime (NHL). Hydrated lime materials in this study included, NHL with particle sizes of 50-nm and 100-nm along with Regular-sized Hydrated Lime (RHL). The Tensile Strength Ratio (TSR) and dynamic modulus (|E*|) tests were employed to accomplish this objective. A secondary objective of this research was to assess the validity of the two utilized TSR and |E*| tests. The |E*| samples passed one and five freeze- Thaw cycling processes before each testing. The TSR and |E*| results revealed that foamed WMA mixes are more susceptible to moisture damage in comparison to the control mix. Also, the NHLmodified mixes performed much better than the RHL for both unconditioned and after multiple conditioning. The |E*| test seems more reasonable than the TSR test for moisture susceptibility testing. © 2014 Taylor & Francis Group, London