35 research outputs found
Recruitment of Veterinarians for Rural Communities through Education: The Veterinary Training Program for Rural Kansas
Veterinarians are important members of rural communities and provide valuable services to both community members and the food production systems in these areas. The population of new veterinary graduates entering rural, mixed animal practice is decreasing and several studies have concluded that a shortage of veterinarians in this area is apparent. The Veterinary Training Program for Rural Kansas (VTPRK) was created to address the educational and financial needs of students entering practice in rural Kansas. The program provides a forgivable loan for a select group of students during veterinary school and specific courses to help prepare these students for success in rural practice
Distinct patterns of ÎFosB induction in brain by drugs of abuse
The transcription factor ÎFosB accumulates and persists in brain in response to chronic stimulation. This accumulation after chronic exposure to drugs of abuse has been demonstrated previously by Western blot most dramatically in striatal regions, including dorsal striatum (caudate/putamen) and nucleus accumbens. In the present study, we used immunohistochemistry to define with greater anatomical precision the induction of ÎFosB throughout the rodent brain after chronic drug treatment. We also extended previous research involving cocaine, morphine, and nicotine to two additional drugs of abuse, ethanol and Î9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Î9-THC, the active ingredient in marijuana). We show here that chronic, but not acute, administration of each of four drugs of abuse, cocaine, morphine, ethanol, and Î9-THC, robustly induces ÎFosB in nucleus accumbens, although different patterns in the core vs. shell subregions of this nucleus were apparent for the different drugs. The drugs also differed in their degree of ÎFosB induction in dorsal striatum. In addition, all four drugs induced ÎFosB in prefrontal cortex, with the greatest effects observed with cocaine and ethanol, and all of the drugs induced ÎFosB to a small extent in amygdala. Furthermore, all drugs induced ÎFosB in the hippocampus, and, with the exception of ethanol, most of this induction was seen in the dentate. Lower levels of ÎFosB induction were seen in other brain areas in response to a particular drug treatment. These findings provide further evidence that induction of ÎFosB in nucleus accumbens is a common action of virtually all drugs of abuse and that, beyond nucleus accumbens, each drug induces ÎFosB in a region-specific manner in brain
The Imaging Magnetograph eXperiment (IMaX) for the Sunrise balloon-borne solar observatory
The Imaging Magnetograph eXperiment (IMaX) is a spectropolarimeter built by
four institutions in Spain that flew on board the Sunrise balloon-borne
telesocope in June 2009 for almost six days over the Arctic Circle. As a
polarimeter IMaX uses fast polarization modulation (based on the use of two
liquid crystal retarders), real-time image accumulation, and dual beam
polarimetry to reach polarization sensitivities of 0.1%. As a spectrograph, the
instrument uses a LiNbO3 etalon in double pass and a narrow band pre-filter to
achieve a spectral resolution of 85 mAA. IMaX uses the high Zeeman sensitive
line of Fe I at 5250.2 AA and observes all four Stokes parameters at various
points inside the spectral line. This allows vector magnetograms, Dopplergrams,
and intensity frames to be produced that, after reconstruction, reach spatial
resolutions in the 0.15-0.18 arcsec range over a 50x50 arcsec FOV. Time
cadences vary between ten and 33 seconds, although the shortest one only
includes longitudinal polarimetry. The spectral line is sampled in various ways
depending on the applied observing mode, from just two points inside the line
to 11 of them. All observing modes include one extra wavelength point in the
nearby continuum. Gauss equivalent sensitivities are four Gauss for
longitudinal fields and 80 Gauss for transverse fields per wavelength sample.
The LOS velocities are estimated with statistical errors of the order of 5-40
m/s. The design, calibration and integration phases of the instrument, together
with the implemented data reduction scheme are described in some detail.Comment: 17 figure
AnĂĄlise qualitativa de compostos volĂĄteis do headspace de carne cozida de ovinos e caprinos
Developing a predictive modelling capacity for a climate change-vulnerable blanket bog habitat: Assessing 1961-1990 baseline relationships
Aim: Understanding the spatial distribution of high priority habitats and
developing predictive models using climate and environmental variables to
replicate these distributions are desirable conservation goals. The aim of this
study was to model and elucidate the contributions of climate and topography to
the distribution of a priority blanket bog habitat in Ireland, and to examine how
this might inform the development of a climate change predictive capacity for
peat-lands in Ireland.
Methods: Ten climatic and two topographic variables were recorded for grid
cells with a spatial resolution of 1010 km, covering 87% of the mainland
land surface of Ireland. Presence-absence data were matched to these variables
and generalised linear models (GLMs) fitted to identify the main climatic and
terrain predictor variables for occurrence of the habitat. Candidate predictor
variables were screened for collinearity, and the accuracy of the final fitted GLM
was evaluated using fourfold cross-validation based on the area under the curve
(AUC) derived from a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) plot. The GLM
predicted habitat occurrence probability maps were mapped against the actual
distributions using GIS techniques.
Results: Despite the apparent parsimony of the initial GLM using only climatic
variables, further testing indicated collinearity among temperature and precipitation
variables for example. Subsequent elimination of the collinear variables and
inclusion of elevation data produced an excellent performance based on the AUC
scores of the final GLM. Mean annual temperature and total mean annual
precipitation in combination with elevation range were the most powerful
explanatory variable group among those explored for the presence of blanket
bog habitat.
Main conclusions: The results confirm that this habitat distribution in general
can be modelled well using the non-collinear climatic and terrain variables tested
at the grid resolution used. Mapping the GLM-predicted distribution to the
observed distribution produced useful results in replicating the projected
occurrence of the habitat distribution over an extensive area. The methods
developed will usefully inform future climate change predictive modelling for
Irelan
Absorção de IgG via colostro em leitÔes biológicos e adotados após a uniformização da leitegada
Should a standard be defined for the Positive Predictive Value (PPV) of recall in the UK NHS Breast Screening Programme?
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Dietary manipulation of fatty acid composition in lamb meat and its effect on the volatile aroma compounds of grilled lamb
The effect on lamb muscle of five dietary supplements high in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was measured. The supplements were linseed oil, fish oil, protected lipid (high in linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3)), fish oil/marine algae (1:1), and protected lipid/marine algae (1:1). Eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3) were found in the highest amounts in the meat from lambs fed diets containing algae. Meat from lambs fed protected lipid had the highest levels of C18:2 n-6 and C18:3 n-3, due to the effectiveness of the protection system. In grilled meat from these animals, volatile compounds derived from n-3 fatty acids were highest in the meat from the lambs fed the fish oil/algae diet, whereas compounds derived from n-6 fatty acids were highest in the meat from the lambs fed the protected lipid diet. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved