Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM) Expansion: Measuring Racial, Religious, and National Aspects of Sense of Ethnic Identity Within the United Kingdom

These studies examined the degree to which racial, religious, and national aspects of individuals' sense of ethnic identity stand as interrelated, yet distinct, constructs. Results of exploratory factor analyses in Study 1 (n = 272) revealed that a three-factor model specifying racial, religious, and national identities yielded optimal fit to correlational data from an expanded, 36-item version of the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM; Roberts et al., 1999), although results left room for improvement in model fit. Subsequently, results of confirmatory factor analyses in Study 2 (n = 291) revealed that, after taking covariance among the items into account, a six-factor model specifying exploration and commitment dimensions within each of the racial, religious, and national identity constructs provided optimal fit. Implications for the utility of Goffman's (1963b) interactionist role theory and Erikson's (1968) ego psychology for understanding the full complexity of felt ethnic identity are discussed

Development of a Chemical Source Apportionment Decision Support Framework for Catchment Management

EU legislation, including the Water Framework Directive, has led to the application of increasingly stringent quality standards for a wide range of chemical contaminants in surface waters. This has raised the question of how to determine and to quantify the sources of such substances so that measures can be taken to address breaches of these quality standards using the polluter pays principle. Contaminants enter surface waters via a number of diffuse and point sources. Decision support tools are required to assess the relative magnitudes of these sources and to estimate the impacts of any programmes of measures. This work describes the development and testing of a modeling framework, the Source Apportionment Geographical Information System (SAGIS). The model uses readily available national data sets to estimate contributions of a number of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus), metals (copper, zinc, cadmium, lead, mercury, and nickel) and organic chemicals (a phthalate and a number of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons) from multiple sector sources. Such a tool has not previously been available on a national scale for such a wide range of chemicals. It is intended to provide a common platform to assist stakeholders in future catchment management

Efeito da restrição alimentar durante o final da gestação sobre o peso ao nascer de cordeiros Santa Inês Effects of maternal undernutrition during final pregnancy on weight birth of Santa Ines lambs

O experimento foi conduzido no setor de Ovinocultura da Universidade Federal de Lavras, com o objetivo de avaliar o peso ao nascer de cordeiros da raça Santa Inês, machos e fêmeas, nascidos de ovelhas submetidas ou não a uma restrição alimentar durante o terço final da gestação. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 44 ovelhas Santa Inês gestando gêmeos, as quais com 100 dias de gestação, foram confinadas e divididas em dois grupos: um grupo recebeu alimentação à vontade para satisfazer suas necessidades energéticas, e o segundo grupo recebeu alimentação restrita para satisfazer 60% das suas necessidades energéticas. O cálculo das necessidades energéticas foi baseado nas recomendações do ARC (1980), levando-se em consideração o peso da ovelha, o tempo de gestação e o número de fetos que cada ovelha estava gestando. Com relação as ovelhas, foram avaliados o peso corporal no início do experimento e logo após a parição, a duração da gestação e a massa biológica produzida. Com relação aos cordeiros, foram avaliados o peso ao nascer dos mesmos, sendo que para tanto estes animais foram divididos de acordo com o sexo (machos e fêmeas). O peso ao nascer dos cordeiros machos e fêmeas foi afetado pela restrição pré-natal, sendo que a média do peso ao nascer dos cordeiros machos sem restrição foi 4,162 kg e com restrição 2,893 kg; e o peso ao nascer das cordeiras fêmeas sem restrição foi 3,474 kg e com restrição 2,855 kg. A grande redução observada neste trabalho no peso ao nascer dos cordeiros machos (30,5%) e fêmeas (17,8%) revela a importância da adoção de um nível nutricional adequado para as ovelhas gestantes, principalmente durante o terço final da gestação.<br>An experiment was conducted in the Sheep Production Sector of the Animal Science Department at the Federal University of Lavras, Lavras MG to evaluate weight birth of Santa Ines lambs, males and females from ewes submitted or not to feed restriction during final pregnancy. A total of 44 ewes Santa Ines with twin lambs were utilized , divided in two groups: the first group was ad libitum fed and other was restricted fed (60% of energy requirements) during final pregnancy. The nutritional requirements for pregnancy ewes were calculated by ARC (1980) recommended with ewe's weight, gestation length and foetuses number. For ewes were evaluated initial and post-partum weight, gestation length and biological mass. For lambs were evaluated birth weight of males and females. The birth weight of males and females were affected by prenatal restriction, and the overall weight birth of males without restriction were 4.162 kg and with restriction were 2.893 kg; the overall weight birth of females without restriction were 3.474 kg and with restriction were 2.855 kg. The prenatal restriction reduced birth weight of males in 30.5% and 17.8% of females