Eficiênia de isolados comerciais de Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuillemin e Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae, Clavicipitaceae) sobre o ácaro rajado Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the commercial isolates ESALQ 634, of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.)Vuillemin, and IBCB 425, of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin, on Tetranychus urticae Koch. We used adult females ofT. urticae kept on jack bean plants (Canavalia ensiformis L.) in greenhouse. Commercial isolates were provided by LaboratórioFitoagro de Controle Biológico Ltda. Leaf disks of jack beans were immersed in 10 mL of fungal suspensions for five seconds,placed on filter papers, and kept at room temperature for 30 min. Fifteen adult females of T. urticae were then transferred to eachdisk. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of seven repetitions and three treatments: two fungi (M.anisopliae and B. bassiana, at concentration 1 x 107 spores/mL) and control (distilled water). On the sixth evaluation, fungi M.anisopliae and B. bassiana showed corrected mortality of 100 and 97.4%, respectively, and confirmed mortality of 85.7 and76.2%, respectively. In neither parameter did the species differ by Tukey test (P < 0.05). Therefore, the commercial isolates IBCB425, of M. anisopliae, and ESALQ 634, of B. bassiana, were efficient in the control of T. urticae.Objetivou-se verificar a eficiência dos isolados comerciais ESALQ 634 de Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuillemin e IBCB 425de Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin sobre Tetranychus urticae Koch. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho utilizou-sefêmeas adultas de T. urticae mantidas sobre plantas de feijão-de-porco Canavalia ensiformis L. em casa de vegetação. Os isoladoscomerciais foram cedidos pelo laboratório Fitoagro de controle biológico Ltda. Discos de folhas de feijão-de-porco forampreviamente imersos em 10 mL das suspensões fúngicas por cinco segundos e mantidos à temperatura ambiente sobre papelfiltro por 30 minutos. Transferiu-se 15 fêmeas adultas de T. urticae para cada disco. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramentecasualizado, constando de três tratamentos, dois fungos (M. anisopliae e B. bassiana na concentração de 1 x 107 conídios/mL)e o controle (água destilada) e sete repetições. Verificou-se que na sexta avaliação, os fungos M. anisopliae e B. bassiana apresentaramvalores de mortalidade corrigida de 100,0 e 97,4%, e uma mortalidade confirmada de 85,7 e 76, 2%, respectivamente,não diferido entre si pelo teste de Tukey, P < 0,05. Portanto, os isolados comerciais IBCB 425 de M. anisopliae e ESALQ 634de B. bassiana testados podem ser eficientes no controle de T. urticae

Toxicidade do extrato orgânico de sementes de Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae) sobre Tetranychus evansi (Baker & Pritchard, 1960) (Acari: Tetranychidae) em tomateiro

The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of the seed organic extract of Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae) against nymphs and adult females of Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard (Acari: Tetranychidae) on tomato leaves (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. (Solanaceae)). Experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme (3x5), consisting in three time periods of mortality evaluation (24, 48 and 72 hours), five concentrations of A. muricata seed organic extract (0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 2.0 and 5.0%) and five replications. For the immature forms, each replicate comprised ten protonymphs; for the adult stage, it comprised ten adult females. The effect of the extracts was assessed by direct observation of mortality of immature individuals and adult females of T. evansi for 24, 48 and 72 hours. The results were subjected to regression analysis. In protonymphs and adult females, after 24 hours application of the A. muricata seed extract at concentration 5.0%, a mean efficiency of 98% mite mortality was reached. Concentration 5.0% of the organic extract was capable of causing 100% nymph mortality after 48 hours. Such mortality rate was found among the adults, after the same period, from concentration 1.0% on of the A. muricata extract.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a toxicidade do extrato orgânico de sementes de Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae) sobre ninfas e fêmeas adultas de Tetranychus evansi Baker & Pritchard (Acari: Tetranychidae) em folhas de tomateiro, Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. (Solanaceae). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial (3x5), composto por três tempos de avaliação da mortalidade (24, 48 e 72 horas) e cinco concentrações do extrato orgânico da semente de A. muricata (0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,0 e 5,0%) e cinco repetições. Para as formas imaturas, cada repetição foi composta por dez protoninfas; e para a fase adulta, foi formada por dez fêmeas adultas. O efeito dos extratos foi avaliado através da observação direta da mortalidade das formas imaturas e fêmeas adultas de T. evansi durante 24, 48 e 72 horas. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de regressão. Em protoninfas e em fêmeas adultas, após 24 horas da aplicação do extrato das sementes de A. muricata, a concentração 5,0%, atingiu uma eficiência média de 98% da mortalidade dos ácaros. A concentração de 5,0% do extrato orgânico foi capaz de ocasionar mortalidade de 100% das ninfas após 48 horas; sendo essa taxa de mortalidade encontrada, para os adultos, nesse mesmo período, a partir da concentração 1,0% do extrato de A. muricata

Effect of entomopatogenic fungi on immature forms of Diatrea flavipennella (Box) (Lepidoptera : Crambidae)

Diatraea flavipennella (Box), é uma praga de grande importância econômica para a cultura da cana-de-açúcar no nordeste do Brasil. O emprego do parasitóide larval Cotesia flavipes (Cam.) não tem sido suficiente no controle desta praga. O uso de fungos entomopatogênicos é uma alternativa viável dentro do contexto do manejo integrado dessa praga. Dessa forma, este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito dos isolados URPE-3, URPE-4, URPE-18, URPE-22 e ESALQ 447 de Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuilleman e PL43, E9, ESALQ 1189, URPE-11 e URPE-19 de Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin sobre ovos de 24, 48 e 72 horas de idade e lagartas no 2º ínstar de D. flavipennella. Os ovos e lagartas foram pulverizados com 1mL das suspensões (1x107 conídios/mL) (tratamentos) e água destilada e esterilizada mais espalhante adesivo Tween® 80 a 0,01% (testemunha). Os ensaios realizados com ovos de D. flavipennella constaram de quatro repetições, sendo composta por aproximadamente 30 ovos cada. Os ensaios com as lagartas constaram de seis repetições, sendo cada uma composta por sete lagartas, totalizando 42 lagartas por tratamento. Ovos e lagartas foram mantidos em B.O.D. a 27 ± 1ºC; 70 ± 10% UR; 12h de fotofase. O fungo M. anisopliae foi mais virulento para os ovos, destacandose o isolado URPE-11, o qual proporcionou 100% de infecção nos ovos de 24, 48 e 72 horas de idade, sendo a CL50 estimada em 2,0x105 conídios/mL. Os isolados ESALQ 447 e ESALQ 1189 foram mais virulentos sobre lagartas da broca, apresentando valores médios de sobrevivência de 5,76 e 3,23 dias, respectivamente. A CL50 para estes isolados foi estimada em 1,2x107 conídios/mL. Os resultados indicam que os fungos M. anisopliae e B. bassiana são importantes para serem utilizados no Manejo Integrado de D. flavipennella contribuindo para a sustentabilidade da agricultura canavieira no nordeste do Brasil.Diatraea flavipennella (Box), is a pest of great economic importance to the cultivation of sugar cane in Northeast Brazil. The use of the larval parasitoid Cotesia flavipes (Cam) has not succeeded in controlling the D. flavipennella. The use of entomopathogenic fungi is a viable alternative within the context of integrated management of this pest. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of isolated URPE-3, URPE-4, URPE-18, URPE-22, and ESALQ 447 of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuilleman and PL43, E9, ESALQ 1189, URPE-11, and URPE-19 Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin on eggs of 24, 48, and 72 hours old and the 2nd-instar larvae of D. flavipennella in laboratory conditions. The eggs and larvae were sprayed with 1 mL of suspensions (1x107 conidia / mL) (treatment) and sterile distilled water over wetting agent Tween® 80 at 0.01% (control). Tests conducted on eggs of D. flavipennella consisted of four replications, each consisting of approximately 30 eggs. The experiments with caterpillars consisted of six replications, each consisting of seven larvae, totaling 42 larvae per treatment. Eggs and larvae were kept inside of growth chamber at 27 ± 1 ºC, 70 ± 10% RH and 12h photophase. The fungus M. anisopliae was more virulent to eggs, particularly the isolated URPE- 11, which provided 100% of infection in eggs of 24, 48, and 72 hours old, and the LC50 at 2.0x105 conidia. The isolates ESALQ 447 and ESALQ 1189 were more virulent to borer larvae, with mean survival values of 5.76 and 3.23 days, respectively. The LC50 for these isolates was estimated at 1.2 x107 conidia. The results suggest that the fungi M. anisopliae and B. bassiana are important for further evaluation in the applied integrated management of D. flavipennella contributing to the sustainability of sugarcane production in northeastern Brazil.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPE

Preference of the parasitoid Cotesia flavipes (Cam.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for Diatraea (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) - doi: 10.4025/actasciagron.v34i1.11720

The sugarcane borer Diatraea flavipennella (Box.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), has ultimately predominated in the sugarcane fields of the Brazilian northeast region, despite the continual release of the parasitoid Cotesia flavipes (Cam.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Questions have been raised about the efficiency of Diatraea spp. in controlling D. flavipennella. In this study, females reared in one of the borers were tested individually and as hosts with the larvae of either of the Diatraea species alone or the larvae of both species. In the first experiment, the females were released for 10 min within the experimental arena using only olfactory cues. In the second experiment, C. flavipes females were individually released for 30 min. within the arena, allowing direct contact with its host, either D. saccharalis or D. flavipennella, or both host species at the same time. The wasps showed no preference for either one of the hosts, thus being able to locate borers in general.

FIRST RECORD OF Xanthopastis timais IN AMARYLLIS AND EFFECT OF SOURSOP EXTRACT ON LARVAL MORTALITY

The aim of this study was to report the occurrence of Xanthopastis timais (Cramer, 1780) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in amaryllis ( Hippeastrum hybridum Hort ., Amaryllidaceae), as well as estimating lethal concentrations (LC 50 and LC 99 ) of soursop seed extract, Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae), against its larvae. The experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Entomology of the Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, in Rio Largo - AL, Brazil . First, we collected caterpillars from amaryllis plants that were reared until pupal and adult stages (parental generation). Next, part of the adults was used for species identification, and the rest were bred to produce next generation (F1), being after that applied in a laboratory bioassay. The lab trial was performed in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and five replications containing three second - instar caterpillars. These larvae were fed pieces of amaryllis leaf (4 x 4 cm), which were previously soaked in treatments for 30 seconds and, air - dried on absorbent papers for one hour. Each treatment consisted of one concentration of ethanol extract of soursop seeds (0.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125 and 0.0625% w/ v) with distilled water and DMSO at 1% (v/ v), for solutions. We noted that the lethal concentrations LC 50 and LC 99 were 0.29% (w/ v) and 2.27% (w/ v), respectively. In view of our results, we can state that larval stage of X . timais were influenced by extract application in terms of survival, mortality, larvae weight and larval stage length. Besides of that, it was the first time this species was recorded in Alagoas state

RECORD OF Digonogastra sp. (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) PARASITIZING Diatraea flavipennella (LEPIDOPTERA: CRAMBIDAE) IN ALAGOAS, BRAZIL

The aim of this study is to document the heretofore unrecorded natural occurrence of the larval parasitoid Digonogastra sp. on Diatraea flavipennella Box, 1931 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in sugarcane fields. The collections were made in the Usina Santa Clotilde area, in Rio Largo municipality, Alagoas State, Brazil. This is the first record of Digonogastra sp. parasitizing caterpillar of D. flavipennella in Brazil. The parasitism rate was found to be 14.06%. The occurrence of this parasitoid indicates potential for natural regulation of that pest in sugarcane crop

Extratos de plantas no controle de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887) (Acari: Ixodidae) em laboratório Plant extracts in control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887) (Acari: Ixodidae) in laboratory

Extratos vegetais foram estudados com o objetivo de avaliar suas eficiências no controle de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887) em laboratório. Fêmeas ingurgitadas de carrapato foram coletadas de bovinos e mantidas em placas de Petri. Foram utilizados extratos orgânicos alcoólicos 2% (peso/volume) de sementes de Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae) (graviola); flores de Syzygium malaccensis (L.) (Myrtaceae) (jambo); folhas de Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (Poaceae) (capim-santo); folhas de Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) (nim); e extrato hexânico na mesma concentração de A. indica (sementes). Os grupos-controle foram compostos por fêmeas sem tratamento e fêmeas tratadas com água destilada e esterilizada e dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) a uma concentração de 1%. O extrato de A. muricata apresentou o maior poder acaricida, com eficácia de 100%, seguido dos extratos de S. malaccensis (75 e 59,24%) e A. indica (65 e 38,49%). Houve 100% de redução na eclosão das larvas quando se utilizou o extrato de sementes de A. muricata.Plant extracts were studied to evaluate its efficiency in the control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887) in laboratory. Engorged female ticks were collected from the cattle, kept in Petri dishes. Organic alcoholic extracts 2% (weight/volume) were used: seeds of Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae) (soursop); flowers of Syzygium malaccensis (L.) (Myrtaceae) (iamb), leaves of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (Poaceae) (holy grass), leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) (neem) and hexane extract 2% (weight/volume) of A. indica (seeds). The control groups consisted of untreated females and females treated with distilled water and sterile and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) a concentration of 1%. The extract of A. muricata (seed) had the highest mortality with acaricide activity and 100% efficacy followed by extracts of S. malaccensis (75 and 59.24%) and A. indica (65 and 38.49%). The seed extract of A. muricata reduced 100% larvae hatch