2,863 research outputs found
Are Children Decision-Makers Within the Household?
Children are seldom accounted for in household behavioural models. They are usually assumed to have neither the capacity nor the power to influence the household decision process. The literature on collective models has so far incorporated children through the "caring preferences" of their parents or has treated them as household public goods [Bourguignon (1999); Blundell et al. (2005)]. This paper seeks to determine whether children of a certain age are decision-makers. We focus on the decision-making process within households composed of two adults and one child of at least 16 years of age. We first summarize the main restrictions that have been proposed to test the collective model in the context of multiple decision-makers [Chiappori and Ekeland (2006)]. We also show how a minimal number of decision-makers can be inferred from parametric constraints. Second, we apply these tests on data drawn from a series of U.K. Family Expenditure Surveys. Our results show clear evidence that it may be incorrect to assume that daughters and children aged between 16 and 21 are not full members influencing the household decision-making process.intra-household allocation, collective household models, children, demand analysis, Pareto efficiency, rank tests
Single Carrier Architecture for High Data Rate Wireless PAN Communications System
A 60 GHz wireless Gigabit Ethernet (G.E.) communication system is developed
at IETR. As the 60 GHz radio link operates only in a single-room configuration,
an additional Radio over Fibre (RoF) link is used to ensure the communications
in all the rooms of a residential environment. The realized system covers 2 GHz
bandwidth. Due to the hardware constraints, a symbol rate at 875 Mbps is
attained using simple single carrier architecture. In the baseband (BB)
processing block, an original byte/frame synchronization process is designed to
provide a smaller value of the preamble missing detection and false alarm
probabilities. Bit error rate (BER) measurements have been realized in a large
gym for line-of-sight (LOS) conditions. A Tx-Rx distance greater than 30 meters
was attained with low BER using high gain antennas and forward error correction
RS (255, 239) coding.Comment: Design, Experimentation, Measurement, Performance; IWCMC '10, Caen :
France (2010
Are Children Decision-Makers Within the Household?
Children are seldom accounted for in household behavioural models. They are usually assumed to have neither the capacity nor the power to influence the household decision process. The literature on collective models has so far incorporated children through the "caring preferences" of their parents or has treated them as household public goods [Bourguignon (1999); Blundell et al. (2005)]. This paper seeks to determine whether children of a certain age decision-makers. We focus on the decision-making process within households composed of two adults and one child of at least 16 years of age. We first summarize the main restrictions that have been proposed to test the collective model in the context of multiple decision-makers [Chiappori and Ekeland (2006)]. We also show how a minimal number of decision-makers can be inferred from parametric constraints. Second, we apply these tests on data drawn from a series of U.K. Family Expenditure Surveys. Our results show clear evidence that it may be incorrect to assume that daughters and children aged between 16 and 21 are not full members influencing the household decision-making process.Intra-household allocation, collective household models, children, demand analysis, Pareto efficiency, rank tests
On-Shell Description of Unsteady Flames
The problem of non-perturbative description of unsteady premixed flames with
arbitrary gas expansion is solved in the two-dimensional case. Considering the
flame as a surface of discontinuity with arbitrary local burning rate and gas
velocity jumps given on it, we show that the front dynamics can be determined
without having to solve the flow equations in the bulk. On the basis of the
Thomson circulation theorem, an implicit integral representation of the gas
velocity downstream is constructed. It is then simplified by a successive
stripping of the potential contributions to obtain an explicit expression for
the vortex component near the flame front. We prove that the unknown potential
component is left bounded and divergence-free by this procedure, and hence can
be eliminated using the dispersion relation for its on-shell value (i.e., the
value along the flame front). The resulting system of integro-differential
equations relates the on-shell fuel velocity and the front position. As
limiting cases, these equations contain all theoretical results on flame
dynamics established so far, including the linear equation describing the
Darrieus-Landau instability of planar flames, and the nonlinear
Sivashinsky-Clavin equation for flames with weak gas expansion.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figures; extended discussion of causality, new references
adde
Congestion Control for Layered Multicast Transmission
peer reviewedHeterogeneity of receivers makes it hard to control congestion for multicast transmission. Using hierarchical layering of the information is one of the most elegant and efficient approach to tackle this problem. The proposed algorithm is based on this principle and has three objectives: to fulfill intra-session fairness, i.e. between different receivers of the same session; to be fair towards TCP; to fulfill inter-session fairness, i.e. same throughputs (and not number of layers) to concurrent sessions
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