Da luta pela terra ao reconhecimento: considerações sobre a trajetória das famílias assentadas no PDS Santa Helena e o acesso a políticas públicas

A expansão do capitalismo no meio rural tem como consequência histórica o conflito entre o capital e as populações camponesas. Esse conflito se materializa, não somente, mas em grande parte, na luta pela terra e na dificuldade que as populações camponesas têm em acessar políticas públicas voltadas para um desenvolvimento rural compatível com a diversidade dos sujeitos e de suas formas de organização social presentes no rural brasileiro. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho pretende analisar a conflitualidade inerente à questão agrária brasileira a partir de um estudo de caso, a saber: o Projeto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (PDS) Santa Helena, localizado no município de São Carlos, interior do estado de São Paulo. Nosso objetivo é reconstruir a trajetória de luta pela terra dos assentados, bem como compreender como se dá o acesso da comunidade assentada a outras políticas públicas. Nossa hipótese é a de que os agricultores do Santa Helena enfrentam dificuldades para serem reconhecidos como sujeitos que podem acessar políticas públicas, o que limita, por seu turno, a capacidade de produção e reprodução social e material desses assentados

Isothermal section of the ternary phase diagram U–Fe–Ge at 900 °C and its new intermetallic phases

International audienc

Effects of deoxynivalenol exposure time and contamination levels on rainbow trout

The trend toward using plant‐based ingredients in aquafeeds is set to intensify; however, mycotoxin contamination might be a challenge. Two diets, with deoxynivalenol (DON) levels of 1,166 μg/kg (1.1 DON) and 2,745 μg/kg (2.7 DON), were prepared for short‐term DON exposure (50 days). A third diet with a low DON level of 367 μg/kg (0.3 DON) was prepared for long‐term DON exposure (168 days). Ingestion of DON by trout during both short‐term/high‐dosage exposure (50 days; 1,166 μg/kg and 2,700 μg/kg DON) and long‐term/low‐dosage exposure (168 days; 367 μg/kg DON) impacted growth performance and, to a lesser extent, liver enzyme parameters (2.7 DON). Histopathology showed mild to moderate changes in the liver but not in the other sampled tissues (intestine and kidney). Despite these effects, short‐term exposure of rainbow trout to high doses of DON did not result in increased susceptibility to Yersinia ruckeri. In both the short‐ and long‐term studies, the effects of DON showed a high interindividual variability. The present study confirms that subclinical levels of mycotoxins affect rainbow trout. The effects of such low mycotoxin levels could be masked by other production challenges while still negatively affecting productivity

Promising prospective effects of Withania somnifera on broiler performance and carcass characteristics: A comprehensive review

Poultry production contributes markedly to bridging the global food gap. Many nations have limited the use of antibiotics as growth promoters due to increasing bacterial antibiotic tolerance/resistance, as well as the presence of antibiotic residues in edible tissues of the birds. Consequently, the world is turning to use natural alternatives to improve birds' productivity and immunity. Withania somnifera, commonly known as ashwagandha or winter cherry, is abundant in many countries of the world and is considered a potent medicinal herb because of its distinct chemical, medicinal, biological, and physiological properties. This plant exhibits antioxidant, cardioprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-aging, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antistress, antitumor, hepatoprotective, and growth-promoting activities. In poultry, dietary inclusion of W. somnifera revealed promising results in improving feed intake, body weight gain, feed efficiency, and feed conversion ratio, as well as reducing mortality, increasing livability, increasing disease resistance, reducing stress impacts, and maintaining health of the birds. This review sheds light on the distribution, chemical structure, and biological effects of W. somnifera and its impacts on poultry productivity, livability, carcass characteristics, meat quality, blood parameters, immune response, and economic efficiency

Gene surgery

Gene therapy became in last decade a new emerging therapeutic era showing promising results against different diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and neurological disorders. Recently, the genome editing technique for eukaryotic cells called CRISPR-Cas (Clustered Regulatory Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) has enriched the field of gene surgery with enhanced applications. In the present review, we summarized the different applications of gene surgery for treating human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, nervous, and cardiovascular diseases, besides the molecular mechanisms involved in these important effects. Several studies support the important therapeutic applications of gene surgery in a large number of health disorders and diseases including β-thalassemia, cancer, immunodeficiencies, diabetes, and neurological disorders. In diabetes, gene surgery was shown to be effective in type 1 diabetes by triggering different signaling pathways. Furthermore, gene surgery, especially that using CRISPR-Cas possessed important application on diagnosis, screening and treatment of several cancers such as lung, liver, pancreatic and colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, gene surgery still presents some limitations such as the design difficulties and costs regarding ZFNs (Zinc Finger Nucleases) and TALENs (Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases) use, off-target effects, low transfection efficiency, in vivo delivery-safety and ethical issues

Verbos de indicação na Libras: possíveis evidências de distanciamento

Nesta pesquisa, analisa-se as especificidades de um grupo de verbos que tem sido chamado na literatura ora de verbos indicadores (LIDDELL, 2003, MOREIRA, 2007), ora de verbos de concordância (BRITO, 1995, QUADROS; KARNOPP, 2004). O objetivo é identificar o elemento dêixis de pessoa na Língua de Sinais Brasileira e mais especificamente, discutir a noção de distanciamento na articulação dos verbos de indicação. Esta pesquisa se justifica devido à escassez de estudos na área e pela necessidade de entendermos mais sobre os verbos de indicação. Os dados (corpus) de análise desta pesquisa foram 54 piadas, contadas por 35 participantes surdos, sendo 26 homens e 9 mulheres. Na análise dos vídeos, foram encontrados 113 verbos de indicação. Uma característica de grande relevância encontrada nessa pesquisa foi quando os referentes estão distantes, os verbos de indicação tendem a ser articulados com trajetória distante e com posição da mão à altura da cabeça do sinalizador

Oxidation of potato starch with different sodium hypochlorite concentrations and its effect on biodegradable films

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of oxidation with sodium hypochlorite at different concentrations of active chlorine (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g/100 g) on the physicochemical, morphological, pasting, thermal and gel texture properties of potato starch. The native and oxidized starches were used in different concentrations (3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 g starch/100 mL) for the preparation of biodegradable films using glycerol as plasticizer. The films were evaluated for their mechanical properties, color, water solubility and permeability of water vapor. The degree of oxidation potato starches was more intense as there was an increased concentration of active chlorine in the reaction. Films made with oxidized starch with the highest level of active chlorine had lower tensile strength when compared to native starch films. Also, these films had a lower water solubility and water vapor permeability as compared to the native starch films

Posttreatment of olive mill wastewater by immobilized TiO2 photocatalysis

A photocatalytic reactor with UV/TiO2 was used for the post-treatment of olive mill wastewater after anaerobic digestion. A factorial experimental design was adopted to determine the statistical significance of each parameter tested, namely initial COD, pH, treatment time and recirculation flow, and possible interactions, in three response variables: phenols, colour, and COD removals. Removal efficiencies of 90.8 ± 2.7 %, 79.3 ± 1.9 %, and 50.3 ± 6.3 % were obtained for total phenols (TPh), colour, and COD, respectively. TPh and colour were almost completely removed after 24 h of treatment, while the COD removal was partial. Because increasing the treatment time is economically unfeasible a recirculation to the anaerobic reactor should be considered. Regarding the most significant variables, the TPh removal efficiency is dependent of the initial COD concentration; the colour removal efficiency decreased with increasing COD concentration and pH; and, the COD removal efficiency is directly linked with the treatment time. The interaction between the initial COD and treatment time affect negatively the response variables tested because of the inactivation of some active sites of the TiO2 paper.The Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT) and the European Social Fund (ESF, POPH-QREN) gave financial support through the Post-Doctoral grant attributed to Jose Carlos Costa (SFRH/BDP/48 962/2008) and through the project PTDC/ENR/69 755/2006. The authors thank Dr. M.N. Pons and Dr. O. Zahraa the offer of the reactor and Mr Ing. J. Dussaud from Alstrohm (Pont-Eveque, France) for the TiO2 paper