234 research outputs found
The Other of the Other and Unregulated Territories in the Urban Periphery: Gecekondu Violence in the 2000s With a Focus on the Esenler Case, Istanbul
Cataloged from PDF version of article.This article investigates the broader question of collective urban violence in "peripheral" (squatter) neighborhoods in the capitalist semi-periphery. Based upon a specific case, namely, the Karabayr neighborhood in Esenler, Istanbul, it aims to identify the potential sources of conflict and the conditions under which they turn into violence. To achieve this goal, first a review of the changing relationship of peripheral neighborhoods with the state is offered in a historical perspective. Then, the Karabayr neighborhood and the recent violence it experienced are briefly described, based on the information that appeared in the press and the Internet. And this is followed by a discussion of the possible causes of conflict and violence in the context of the changing conditions in the urban periphery in the 2000s. The transformation of peripheral land into commodity, the increasing physical proximity of residential groups due to land scarcity and building density, the asymmetric position of different residential groups with the state, and the unguarded socialization of the youth explain the increasing tendency towards violence in the urban periphery. In this process, the urban periphery emerges as "unregulated territories" that inhabit the "Other of the Other". © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Moment magnitude estimates for central Anatolian earthquakes using coda waves
A proper estimate of
moment magnitude, which is a physical measure of the energy released at an
earthquake source, is essential for better seismic hazard assessments in
tectonically active regions. Here a coda wave modeling approach that enables
the source displacement spectrum modeling of the examined event was used to
estimate moment magnitudes of central Anatolia earthquakes. To achieve this
aim, three-component waveforms of local earthquakes with magnitudes 2.0≤ML≤5.2 recorded at 69 seismic stations, which were operated
between 2013 and 2015 within the framework of the Continental
Dynamics–Central Anatolian Tectonics (CD–CAT) passive seismic experiment,
were utilized. An inversion on the coda wave traces of each selected single
event in the database was performed in five different frequency bands between
0.75 and 12 Hz. The resultant moment magnitudes (Mw coda)
exhibit a good agreement with routinely reported local magnitude
(ML) estimates for the study area. Apparent move-out that is
particularly significant around the scattered variation of
ML–Mw coda data points for small earthquakes
(ML < 3.5) can be explained by possible biases of wrong
assumptions to account for anelastic attenuation and seismic recordings with
a finite sampling interval. Finally, I present an empirical relation between
Mw coda and ML for central Anatolian earthquakes.</p
The Risk Factors Associated with Grip Lock Injuries in Artistic Gymnasts: A Systematic Review
Artistic gymnastics (AG) is a sport that demands grace, strength, and flexibility, leading to a broad spectrum of injuries. The dowel grip (DG) is widely used by gymnasts to securely hold onto the high bar or uneven bars. However, incorrect usage of the DG can result in grip lock (GL) injuries. This systematic review aims to (1) identify studies that have investigated the risk factors related to GL injuries among gymnasts and (2) synthesize the key evidence. A comprehensive electronic search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, SportDiscus, and Google Scholar, covering the period from their inception until November 2022. The data extraction and analysis were independently completed by two investigators. A total of 90 relevant studies were initially identified, out of which seven clinical trials met the eligibility criteria. For the quantitative synthesis, five studies were included. The details extracted from each article include: the sample characteristics (number, gender, age, and health status), the study design, the instrumentation or intervention used, and the final results. Our results revealed that the underlying causes of the risk factors of GL injuries were the irregular checking of the dowel grip and the mating surface of the bar, the tearing of the dowel of the leather strap, and the use of the dowel grip in different competition apparatuses. In addition, GL injuries may occur either as severe forearm fractures or mild injuries. Excessive flexion of the forearm and overpronation of the wrist during rotational movements, such as the swing or backward/forward giant circle, may increase the possibility of GL injury on the high bar. Future studies should focus on GL injury prevention strategy and rehabilitation protocol for GL injuries. Further high-quality research is required to establish the validity of these findings. © 2023 by the authors.European Commission, EC: .02.2.69/0.0/0.0/18_054/0014627Published with the financial support of the European Union, as part of the project entitled Development of capacities and environment for boosting the international, intersectoral, and interdisciplinary cooperation At UWB, project reg. no.CZ.02.2.69/0.0/0.0/18_054/0014627
Phylogenetic analysis of some fungi species in West Kazakhstan based on nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequences
In this study, phylogenetic analysis of some fungal species distributed in West Kazakhstan was performed based on ITS sequences. All of the mushroom samples were collected from different regions of West Kazakhstan and brought to the laboratory. Total genomic DNA was extracted using a GeneMark commercial kit. ITS1 and ITS4 primers were used for the amplification of the ITS region in PCR analyses. The resulting DNA sequences were then edited using BioEdit and FinchTV. For phylogenetic analysis used MEGA 6.0 program. As a result of the study, ITS sequences ranged from 532 to 715 nucleotides, while the divergence values of the sequences differed between 0.000 and 0.468. The maximum likelihood tree constructed using ITS sequences consists of two clades. According to the phylogenetic analysis results obtained using other fungal species, ITS results were found to be a good indicator for the differentiation of fungal genera
Seismic anisotropy inferred from direct <i>S</i>-wave-derived splitting measurements and its geodynamic implications beneath southeastern Tibetan Plateau
The present study deals with detecting seismic anisotropy parameters beneath
southeastern Tibet near Namcha Barwa Mountain using the splitting of direct
SÂ waves. We employ the reference station technique to remove the effects of
source-side anisotropy. Seismic anisotropy parameters, splitting time delays,
and fast polarization directions are estimated through analyses of a total of
501 splitting measurements obtained from direct SÂ waves from 25 earthquakes
( ≥  5.5 magnitude) that were recorded at 42 stations of the Namcha Barwa
seismic network. We observe a large variation in time delays ranging from
0.64 to 1.68 s, but in most cases, it is more than 1 s, which suggests a
highly anisotropic lithospheric mantle in the region. A comparison between
direct S-Â and SKS-derived splitting parameters shows a close similarity,
although some discrepancies exist where null or negligible anisotropy has
been reported earlier using SKS. The seismic stations with hitherto null or
negligible anisotropy are now supplemented with new measurements with clear
anisotropic signatures. Our analyses indicate a sharp change in lateral
variations of fast polarization directions (FPDs) from consistent SSW–ENE or
W–E to NW–SE direction at the southeastern edge of Tibet. Comparison of the
FPDs with Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements, absolute plate motion
(APM) directions, and surface geological features indicates that the observed
anisotropy and hence inferred deformation patterns are not only due to
asthenospheric dynamics but are a combination of lithospheric deformation and
sub-lithospheric (asthenospheric) mantle dynamics. Direct S-wave-based
station-averaged splitting measurements with increased back-azimuths tend to
fill the coverage gaps left in SKS measurements
An Underactuated Active Transfemoral Prosthesis With Series Elastic Actuators Enables Multiple Locomotion Tasks
Robotic lower limb prostheses have the power to revolutionize mobility by enhancing gait efficiency and facilitating movement. While several design approaches have been explored to create lightweight and energy-efficient devices, the potential of underactuation remains largely untapped in lower limb prosthetics. Taking inspiration from the natural harmony of walking, in this article, we have developed an innovative active transfemoral prosthesis. By incorporating underactuation, our design uses a single power actuator placed near the knee joint and connected to a differential mechanism to drive both the knee and ankle joints. We conduct comprehensive benchtop tests and evaluate the prosthesis with three individuals who have above-knee amputations, assessing its performance in walking, stair climbing, and transitions between sitting and standing. Our evaluation focuses on gathering position and torque data recorded from sensors integrated into the prosthesis and comparing these measurements to biomechanical data of able-bodied locomotion. Our findings highlight the promise of underactuation in advancing lower limb prosthetics and demonstrate the feasibility of our knee–ankle underactuated design in various tasks, showcasing its ability to replicate natural movement
A computational model of ureteral peristalsis and an investigation into ureteral reflux.
The aim of this study is to create a computational model of the human ureteral system that accurately replicates the peristaltic movement of the ureter for a variety of physiological and pathological functions. The objectives of this research are met using our in-house fluid-structural dynamics code (CgLes-Y code). A realistic peristaltic motion of the ureter is modelled using a novel piecewise linear force model. The urodynamic responses are investigated under two conditions of a healthy and a depressed contraction force. A ureteral pressure during the contraction shows a very good agreement with corresponding clinical data. The results also show a dependency of the wall shear stresses on the contraction velocity and it confirms the presence of a high shear stress at the proximal part of the ureter. Additionally, it is shown that an inefficient lumen contraction can increase the possibility of a continuous reflux during the propagation of peristalsis
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