21 research outputs found
Determinação da concentração alveolar mínima do isofluorano em catetos (Tayassu tajacu)
Simvastatin treatment reduces the cholesterol content of membrane/lipid rafts, implicating the N -methyl-D-aspartate receptor in anxiety: a literature review
Modelling Jets, Tori and Flares in Pulsar Wind Nebulae
In this contribution we review the recent progress in the modelling of Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWN). We start with a brief overview of the relevant physical processes in the magnetosphere, the wind-zone and the inflated nebula bubble. Radiative signatures and particle transport processes obtained from 3D simulations of PWN are discussed in the context of optical and X-ray observations. We then proceed to consider particle acceleration in PWN and elaborate on what can be learned about the particle acceleration from the dynamical structures called GwispsG observed in the Crab nebula. We also discuss recent observational and theoretical results of gamma-ray flares and the inner knot of the Crab nebula, which had been proposed as the emission site of the flares. We extend the discussion to GeV flares from binary systems in which the pulsar wind interacts with the stellar wind from a companion star. The chapter concludes with a discussion of solved and unsolved problems posed by PWN
Emprego de fixador externo circular no tratamento de complicações de fraturas do rádio e ulna em cães de raças pequenas Use of circular external fixator in the treatment of fracture complications of radius and ulna in small breed dogs
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o método de Ilizarov no tratamento de complicações de fraturas do rádio e ulna em cães de raças pequenas. Um fixador de Ilizarov miniatura composto por anéis de alumínio e hastes de aço foi usado em três cães da raça poodle miniatura (casos 1, 2 e 3) e em um pinscher (caso 4). Os cães 1 e 4 apresentavam consolidação atrasada das porções médio-distal e distal, respectivamente, devido a prévio tratamento com tala externa. Foi aplicada uma montagem constituída por dois anéis proximais e um distal. Ambas as fraturas consolidaram, sendo que a do poodle apresentou leve desvio cranial das extremidades fraturadas. Os outros dois casos (2 e 3) consistiam de fraturas previamente tratadas por procedimento cirúrgico. O caso 2 apresentava rotação lateral do membro torácico e não-união do aspecto distal da diáfise radial com presença de pino intramedular e dois fios de cerclagem. O pino intramedular e um dos fios de cerclagem foram removidos e realizou-se a derrotação do foco da fratura. O aparelho foi montado como nos casos 1 e 4. A consolidação da fratura foi obtida com moderado desvio caudal do eixo ósseo. No caso 3, havia reabsorção óssea na diáfise do rádio e ulna devido ao emprego inadequado de fixador externo resina-pino. Empregou-se o transporte ósseo com o fixador de Ilizarov para induzir a regeneração óssea. Entretanto, este foi interrompido por falta de resposta. Manteve-se o fixador e o defeito ósseo foi tratado com enxerto esponjoso autólogo e biomateriais. A ulna ocupou parte do defeito segmentar do rádio. Foi possível concluir que o método de Ilizarov pode ser usado no tratamento de consolidação atrasada e não-união, mas o fixador externo circular é de difícil aplicação em cães de raças pequenas.<br>The aim of this study was to evaluate the Ilizarov’s method for treating complications of radius and ulna fractures in small breed dogs. A miniature Ilizarov‘s fixator constructed using aluminum rings and steel rods was used in three Miniature Poodles (cases 1, 2 and 3) and in one Pinscher (case 4). Because of previous treatment with splints, cases 1 and 4 showed delayed union of the mid-distal and distal aspect of the radius-ulna shaft, respectively. The frame was assembled using two proximal rings and one distal ring. Fractures in cases 1 and 4 healed completely. However, case 1 showed a slight cranial deviation of the segments in the fractured site. The other two cases (2 and 3) had complications because of surgically-treated fractures. Case 2 showed forelimb lateral rotation and nonunion of the distal aspect of the radial diaphysis associated with an intramedullary pin and two cerclage wires. The intramedullary pin and one of the cerclage wires were then removed and fracture-derotation was done. The frame was assembled as in cases 1 and 4. Fracture healing was achieved with moderate caudal deviation of the bone shaft. In case 3, bone reabsorption in diaphysis was observed due to inadequate use of pin-resin external fixator. Bone transport with the Ilizarov´s fixator was used to induce bone regeneration. However, this treatment option was interrupted due to lack of response. The Ilizarov´s fixator was maintained and the bone defect was treated using autogenous cancellous bone graft and biomaterials. Ulna filled out part of bone defect of the radius. It was possible to conclude that the Ilizarov´s method may be used in the treatment of delayed union and nonunion, but the circular external fixator is difficult to apply in small breed dogs