Targeting Theory: Criticality and The City

Master'sMASTER OF ART

Protective Factors In Incarcerated Male Juvenile Delinquents

Kajian ini adalah bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti faktor-faktor pelindung sahsiah waja diri terhadap tahanan juvana lelaki delinkuensi. Kajian kualitatif fenomenologi ini melibatkan seorang peserta resilien dan tiga peserta tidak resilien dari sebuah pusat pemulihan akhlak serta dua orang bekas juvana yang tidak lagi melibatkan diri di dalam kegiatan jenayah. Kajian ini berjaya memahami pengalaman peserta mengenai keluarga, sekolah dan masyarakat, risiko peserta dalam kehidupan mereka, cara-cara peserta mengatasi risiko kehidupan serta pemahaman mengenai kesihatan mental, fizikal, emosi dan rohani melalui kaedah temu bual semi-berstruktur. Daripada hasil temu bual, mendapati faktor-faktor pelindung sahsiah waja diri daripada domain keluarga, sekolah, individu dan luaran membantu melahirkan sifat-sifat positif yang membolehkan peserta mengharungi stigma juvana. Selain itu, kajian ini turut mendapati kemahiran adaptasi seperti kemahiran penyesuaian diri, kemahiran untuk menyelesaikan masalah secara rasional, kemahiran untuk mengawal emosi, kemahiran untuk membentuk hubungan rapat dengan orang lain, kerohanian dan kemahiran untuk menguruskan perkara asas dalam kehidupan merupakan faktor-faktor pelindung sahsiah waja diri. Kajian ini juga mendapati sekolah dapat meningkatkan sahsiah waja diri pada diri murid melalui hubungan positif dengan guru serta penawaran pelbagai peluang penglibatan bukan akademik. Keputusan kajian dapat membantu kaunselor keluarga, kaunselor sekolah, pendidik dan pembuat dasar untuk memupuk and menanam sikap serta ciri positif untuk mencegah delinkuensi. This research aimed to identify the protective factors in incarcerated male juvenile delinquents. It is a phenomenological qualitative research involving one resilient participant and three non-resilient participants from a probation hostel as well as two ex-juvenile delinquents who had successfully broken out of the vicious cycle of crime. Participants’ experiences of family, school and community, the risk they identified in their lives and how they managed them, their understanding of health and ways of staying healthy mentally, physically, emotionally and spiritually were obtained through one-to-one semi-structured interview. From the narratives of the participants, first, this research noted that protective factors from family, school, individual and external domains played their parts in the development of positive attributes that enabled participants to overcome the stigma of juvenile delinquents in society positively. Second, the development of resiliency in an individual arises from normal, human adaptational systems such as adaptative coping skills, the ability to rationally solve problems, the capacity to regulate emotion, the ability to form close, supportive ties with others, having an internalized spirituality and ability to manage matters of fundamental importance to their life. Third, school helped to promote resilience in pupils through positive relationships with teachers who offered support and guidance. Also, school helped to promote resilience in pupils by offering multiple avenues for non academic involvement to encourage positive character development. These findings can help Malaysian family counsellors, school counsellors, educators and policymakers to promote and develop positive characteristics, attitudes and behaviours to prevent delinquency

Anthraquinones and Xanthones from Cratoxylum glaucum (Guttiferae)

In a continuing search for xanthones and quinones from the Guttifere family, we decided to look at the genus Crotoxylum. A detailed chemical study on Cratoxylum glaucum has led to the isolation of two triterpenoids, friedelin (1) and stigmasterol 9(2), two anthraquinones 1,8-dihydroxy-6-menthoxyanthraquinone (3) and vismiaquinone (4) and one xanthone dimenthymangostin (5). These compounds were identified using the 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. This is the first report done on the chemistry of Cratoxylum glaucum

The impact of caregiving on caregivers of older persons and its associated factors: A cross-sectional study

Introduction Many older people rely on caregivers for care. Caregiving for older people could pose significant burdens on caregivers yet may also have positive effects. This study aimed to assess the impact of caregiving on caregivers and to determine the associated factors of caregivers who were burdened. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 385 caregivers of older people who attended a community clinic in Malaysia. Convenience sampling was employed during the study period on caregivers aged > 21 years and who provided at least 4 hours of unpaid support per week. Participants were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire which included The COPE Index and the EASY-Care Standard 2010 Independence Score. The COPE Index was used to assess the impact of caregiving. A caregiver who was highly burdened is one who scores for all three COPE subscales were positive for burden. Care-recipients' independence was assessed using the Independence Score of the EASY-Care Standard 2010 questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with caregiver burden. Results Seventy three (19%) caregivers were burdened, of which two were highly burdened. The median scores of the positive value, negative impact and quality of support scales were 13.0, 9.0, and 12.0 respectively. Care-recipients' median independence score was 18.0. Ethnicity and education levels were found to be factors associated with caregiver burden. Conclusions Most caregivers gained satisfaction and felt supported in caregiving. Ethnicity and education level were associated with caregiver being burdened

A case study: the knowledge and awareness levels of copyright infringement among learners utilising digital technologies in Sunway College Johor Bahru

Technologies especially Web 2.0 tools and mobile devices are transforming the way education is delivered. As such higher education institutions are experiencing an emerging pedagogical trend that may cause copyright infringement. The Copyright Act 1987 was legislated to inspire continuing creative work among academicians. Hence, the knowledge and awareness of Copyright Law and its infringement becomes increasingly significant in protecting the academicians’ work. Unawareness of the law can cause students to infringe the law and it can affect academicians’ work. An initial survey was conducted on 127 first year students from all nine programmes of Sunway College Johor Bahru. The results reveal that although the respondents have a relatively high awareness level and claim to understand the infringement; their actual knowledge level is only approximately 50% of the law. Also, the knowledge and awareness levels have very little correlation with the attitude level towards the Copyright Law

Xanthones from Calophyllum inophyllum

The roots of Calophyllum inophyllum (Guttiferae), furnished six xanthones which are rasilixanthone (1), 1,3,5-trihydroxy-2- methoxy xanthone (2), caloxanthone A (3), pyranojacareubin (4), caloxanthone B (5) and tovopyrifolin (6), Structural elucidations of these compounds, were achieved through 1D and 2D NMR and MS techniques. In this paper, the isolation and structural elucidation data for these xanthones are reported