Research and education for the development of integrated crop-livestock-fish farming systems in the tropics

There is a vast potential for Asia's numerous and needy small-scale farmers to enjoy the benefits of integration of aquaculture into farming systems. This publication attempts to create a framework for an interdisciplinary approach to research and education in integrated farming - a fusion of agriculture and aquaculture sciences.Integrated farming, Research, Education, Tropics

Research and education for the development of integrated crop-livestock-fish farming systems in the tropics.

There is a vast potential for Asia's numerous and needy small-scale farmers to enjoy the benefits of integration of aquaculture into farming systems. This publication attempts to create a framework for an interdisciplinary approach to research and education in integrated farming - a fusion of agriculture and aquaculture sciences.Integrated farming, Research, Education, Tropics, Farm Management,

An interpretative phenomenological analysis of schema modes in a single case of anorexia nervosa: Part 2. Coping modes, healthy adult mode, superordinate themes, and implications for research and practice

In schema therapy, the identification of schema modes is central to case conceptualization and the planning of interventions. Differences in the naming and description of specific modes in the literature suggest the need for systematic phenomenological investigation. This paper presents the second part of an interpretative phenomenological analysis of schema modes within the single case of Linda (20), a young woman with anorexia nervosa. In this paper, the focus is on Linda’s Coping modes (of which an Anorexic Overcontroller mode was prominent, and to which parallels are drawn in the literature) and on several important superordinate themes: mode dyads, mode conflicts and balance of power, mode differentiation, and mode sequences. The findings support the value of the mode framework that is standard in schema therapy, based on Child modes, Parent modes, Coping modes, and the Healthy Adult. They furthermore highlight the idiosyncratic nature of schema modes within an individual case. Research and clinical implications of the findings are discussed, and links are made to the phenomenological perspective of Merleau-Ponty

An interpretative phenomenological analysis of schema modes in a single case of anorexia nervosa: Part 1. Background, method, and child and parent modes

Within the schema therapy model, schema modes are the shifting experiential states that individuals experience, and identification of these is central to case conceptualization and the planning of interventions. Differences in the naming and descriptions of modes in the literature suggest the need for systematic phenomenological investigation. This paper presents the first part of an interpretative phenomenological analysis of schema modes within the single case of Linda (20), a young woman with anorexia nervosa. The analysis, which is based largely on transcripts of seven therapy sessions, yielded phenomenological accounts of her experience of a number of modes. In this, the first of two papers, a phenomenological account of her Child and Parent modes are presented and discussed

Why do medical graduates choose rural careers?

Introduction: This study is based on the metaphor of the &lsquo;rural pipeline&rsquo; into medical practice. The four stages of the ruralpipeline are: (1) contact between rural secondary schools and the medical profession; (2) selection of rural students into medicalprograms; (3) rural exposure during medical training; and (4) measures to address retention of the rural medical workforce.Methods: Using the rural pipeline template we conducted a literature review, analysed the selection methods of Australiangraduate entry medical schools and interviewed 17 interns about their medical career aspirations.Results: Literature review: The literature was reviewed to assess the effectiveness of selection practices to predict successfulgradation and the impact of rural pipeline components on eventual rural practice. Undergraduate academic performance is thestrongest predictor of medical course academic performance. The predictive power of interviews is modest. There are limited dataon the predictive power of other measures of non-cognitive performance or the content of the undergraduate degree. Prior ruralresidence is the strongest predictor of choice of a rural career but extended rural exposure during medical training also has asignificant impact. The most significant influencing factors are: professional support at national, state and local levels; careerpathway opportunities; contentedness of the practitioner&rsquo;s spouse in rural communities; preparedness to adopt a rural lifestyle;educational opportunities for children; and proximity to extended family and social circle. Analysis of selection methods: Staffinvolved in student selection into 9 Australian graduate entry medical schools were interviewed. Four themes were identified:(1) rurality as a factor in student selection; (2) rurality as a factor in student selection interviews; (3) rural representation on studentselection interview panels; (4) rural experience during the medical course. Interns&rsquo; career intentions: Three themes were identified:(1) the efficacy of the rural pipeline; (2) community connectedness through the rural pipeline; (3) impediments to the effect of therural pipeline, the most significant being a partner who was not committed to rural lifeConclusion: Based on the literature review and interviews, 11 strategies are suggested to increase the number of graduateschoosing a career in rural medicine, and one strategy for maintaining practitioners in rural health settings after graduation.</div

Evaluation of a sliding mode fault-tolerant controller for the El Al incident

This paper presents piloted flight simulator results associated with the El Al flight 1862 scenario, using a modelreferencebased sliding mode control allocation scheme for fault-tolerant control. The proposed controller design was carried out without any knowledge of the type of failure and in the absence of any fault detection and isolation strategy. This is motivated by the fact that the flight crew were unaware of the losses of the right engines. For this reason, the control allocation scheme proposed uses (fixed) equal distribution of the control signals to all actuators (for both nominal situations and when a fault or failure occurs). This paper analyzes the scheme and determines the conditions under which closed-loop stability is retained. The results represent the successful realtime implementation of the proposed controller on a flight simulator, configured to represent a B747 aircraft. The evaluation results from the experienced pilots show that the proposed controller has the ability to position the aircraft for landing, both in a nominal scenario and in the El Al failure scenario. It is also shown that actuator faults and failures that occurred during the El Al incident can be handled directly without reconfiguring the controller

Fault tolerant sliding mode control design with piloted simulator evaluation

Copyright © 2008 American Institute of Aeronautics and AstronauticsThis paper considers sliding mode allocation schemes for fault tolerant control. The schemes allow redistribution of the control signals to the remaining functioning actuators when a fault or failure occurs. The paper analyzes the schemes and determines conditions under which closed–loop stability is retained for a certain class of faults and failures. It is shown that faults and even certain total actuator failures can be handled directly without reconfiguring the controller. The results obtained from implementing the controllers on the SIMONA research flight simulator, configured to represent a B747 aircraft, show good performance in both nominal and failure scenarios even in wind and gust conditions

Sliding Mode Propulsion Control Tests on a Motion Flight Simulator

This paper describes a fault-tolerant sliding-mode control allocation scheme capable of coping with the loss of all control surfaces resulting from a failure of the hydraulics system, during which time the scheme only uses the engines to control the aircraft. The paper presents tests of the scheme implemented on a six-degree-of-freedom motion research flight simulator at Delft University of Technology, using a realistic maneuver involving an emergency return to a near-landing condition on a runway in response to the failure. The simulator results show that not only does the controller provide high tracking performance during nominal fault-free conditions, this performance is also maintained after the total loss of all control surfaces. This shows the capability of the proposed sliding-mode control allocation scheme to achieve and maintain desired performance levels using only propulsion by redistributing the control signals to the engines when failures occur

Lagrangian circulation on the Southeast US Continental Shelf: Implications for larval dispersal and retention

Lagrangian characterization of continental shelf circulation provides estimates of the retention and transport of particulate and dissolved substances. In this paper, we quantify the retentive characteristics of the Southeast U.S. Continental Shelf by comparing observed and numerical (modeled) drifters released throughout 2000 and 2001. Agreement between the observed and computed drifter trajectories shows that retention on this shelf can be up to two months at any point during the year. These results have important implications for ecological and fisheries applications and indicate that the populations of marine organisms in this region might be relatively closed (i.e., with weak exchange) during some periods of the year

The relationship between total and phosphorylated STAT1 and STAT3 tumour cell expression, components of tumour microenvironment and survival in patients with invasive ductal breast cancer

The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between tumour cell expression of total and phosphorylated STAT1 (ph-STAT1) and STAT3 (ph-STAT-3), components of tumour microenvironment and survival in patients with invasive ductal breast cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis of total and ph-STAT1, and STAT3 were performed on tissue microarray of 384 breast cancer specimens. Tumour cell expression of STAT1 and STAT3 at both cytoplasmic and nuclear locations were combined and identified as STAT1/STAT3 tumour cell expression. These results were related to cancer specific survival (CSS) and phenotypic features of the tumour and the host. High ph-STAT1 and ph-STAT3 tumour cell expression were associated with increased ER (both P≤0.001) and PR (both P &lt;0.05), reduced tumour grade (P=0.015 and P&lt;0.001 respectively) and necrosis (both P=0.001). Ph-STAT1 was associated with increased general inflammatory infiltrate (P=0.007) and ph-STAT3 was associated with lower CD4+ infiltration (P=0.024). In multivariate survival analysis, only high ph-STAT3 tumour cell expression was a predictor of improved CSS (P=0.010) independent of other tumour and host-based factors. STAT1 and STAT3 tumour cell expression appeared to be an important determinant of favourable outcome in patients with invasive ductal breast cancer. The present results suggest that STAT1 and STAT3 may affect disease outcome through direct impact on tumour cells, counteracting aggressive tumour features, as well as interaction with the surrounding microenvironment