Physical and chemical methods for eliminating propagules of indigenous mycorrhizal fungi from soil samples

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar métodos para eliminar hongos nativos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares (HMA) o reducir su número en muestras de suelo, sin afectar sus propiedades edáficas y microbiológicas. Se estudió la aplicación de calor húmedo (autoclave), de calor seco (estufa), de hipoclorito de sodio (NaClO) y de formaldehído, en concentraciones entre 100,0 y 3,3 μl/g y 16,7 y 3,3 μl/g, respectivamente. Las semillas de raigrás (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) sembradas en sustratos que recibieron NaClO (100,0-33,3 μl/g) no germinaron y el autoclave incrementó el contenido de fósforo en el sustrato. Estos tratamientos no eliminaron la micorrización por HMA y ambos fueron descartados. En un segundo ensayo se analizaron los tratamientos estufa y formaldehído (10,0 μl/g), asociados o no a la descontaminación de las semillas y a la reinoculación con HMA. Ambos procedimientos redujeron o eliminaron la micorrización por HMA nativos en suelos con 12 a 29 mg/kg de fósforo y permitieron la multiplicación de inóculos de HMA. El tiempo de ventilación de las muestras y los requisitos de seguridad fueron mayores con la aplicación de formaldehído.Fil: Covacevich, Fernanda. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Castellari, Claudia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Echeverria, Hernán E.. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Buenos Aires. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

Numerical Regge pole analysis of resonance structures in elastic, inelastic and reactive state-to-state integral cross sections

We present a detailed description of a FORTRAN code for evaluation of the resonance contribution a Regge trajectory makes to the integral state-to-state cross section (ICS) within a specified range of energies. The contribution is evaluated with the help of the Mulholland formula (Macek et al., 2004) and its variants (Sokolovski et al., 2007; Sokolovski and Akhmatskaya, 2011). Regge pole positions and residues are obtained by analytically continuing S-matrix element, evaluated numerically for the physical values of the total angular momentum, into the complex angular momentum plane using the PADE-II program (Sokolovski et al., 2011). The code decomposes an elastic, inelastic, or reactive ICS into a structured, resonance, and a smooth, 'direct', components, and attributes observed resonance structure to resonance Regge trajectories. The package has been successfully tested on various models, as well as the F+H 2‚ÜíHF+H benchmark reaction. Several detailed examples are given in the text

Complex angular momentum theory of state-to-state integral cross sections: Resonance effects in the F+HD→HF(v′=3)+DF + HD \to HF(v' = 3) + D reaction

State-to-state reactive integral cross sections (ICSs) are often affected by quantum mechanical resonances, especially near a reactive threshold. An ICS is usually obtained by summing partial waves at a given value of energy. For this reason, the knowledge of pole positions and residues in the complex energy plane is not sufficient for a quantitative description of the patterns produced by resonance. Such description is available in terms of the poles of an S-matrix element in the complex plane of the total angular momentum. The approach was recently implemented in a computer code, available in the public domain [Comput. Phys. Commun., 2014, 185, 2127]. In this paper, we employ the package to analyse in detail, for the first time, the resonance patterns predicted for integral cross sections (ICSs) of the benchmark F + HD → HF(v′ = 3) + D reaction. The v = 0, j = 0, Ω = 0 → v′ = 3, j′ = 0, 1, 2, and Ω′ = 0, 1, 2 transitions are studied for collision energies from 58.54 to 197.54 meV. For these energies, we find several resonances, whose contributions to the ICS vary from symmetric and asymmetric Fano shapes to smooth sinusoidal Regge oscillations. Complex energies of metastable states and Regge pole positions and residues are found by Padé reconstruction of the scattering matrix elements. The accuracy of the code, relation between complex energies and Regge poles, various types of Regge trajectories, and the origin of the J-shifting approximation are also discussed

A Method for Systematic Adaptation and Synchronization of Healthcare Processes

International organizations, as the World Health Organization (WHO) and national governments are constantly defining (or modifying) new healthcare protocols and procedures. Those changes have a significant impact, on one side, on the organizational concerns of a great number of healthcare institutions and centers, and on the other side, on their health information systems that need to be adapted according to the new (or modified) procedures. Administrative workflows are commonly defined by a high level entity and they must then be applied on different institutions ruled by this high level entity. Those workflows must then be adapted to the particular circumstances of each institution, complying with the general regulations of the process established at the top level. This problem, called Hierarchical Adaptation Problem, also implies establishing the methods to evolve together the high level regulation. Such methods must maintain the consistency among the different levels by means of the propagation of the changes to all the different adaptations of the original workflow. To solve this problem, this work introduces the Hierarchical Adaptation Method. A method based on ontologies to define the rules that must be satisfied by a generic workflow to be considered adaptable to different application cases and the rules that must be satisfied by its adapted versions. Moreover, it provides the operations to facilitate both adaptation of administrative workflows and propagation of changes

The role of acetaldehyde in the increased acceptance of ethanol after prenatal ethanol exposure

Recent studies show that acetaldehyde, the first metabolite in the oxidation of ethanol, can be responsible for both, the appetitive and the aversive effects produced by ethanol intoxication. More specifically, it has been hypothesized that acetaldehyde produced in the periphery by the liver is responsible for the aversive effects of ethanol, while the appetitive effects relate to the acetaldehyde produced centrally through the catalase system. On the other hand, from studies in our and other laboratories, it is known that ethanol exposure during the last gestational days (GD) consistently enhances the postnatal acceptance of ethanol when measured during early ontogeny in the rat. This increased liking of ethanol is a conditioned appetitive response acquired by the fetus by the association of ethanol’s flavor and an appetitive reinforcer. Although this reinforcer has not yet been fully identified, one possibility points to acetaldehyde produced centrally in the fetus as a likely candidate. This hypothesis is supported by data showing that very early in the rat’s ontogeny brain catalases are functional, while the liver’s enzymatic system is still immature. In this study, rat dams were administered on GD 17–20 with water or ethanol, together with an acetaldehyde-sequestering agent (D-penicillamine). The offspring’s responses to ethanol was then assessed at different postnatal stages with procedures adequate for each developmental stage: on day 1, using the “odor crawling locomotion test” to measure ethanol’s odor attractiveness; on day 5, in an operant conditioning procedure with ethanol as the reinforcer; and on day 14 in an ethanol intake test. Results show that the absence of acetaldehyde during prenatal ethanol exposure impeded the observation of the increased acceptance of ethanol at any age. This seems to confirm the crucial role of acetaldehyde as a reinforcer in the appetitive learning occurring during prenatal ethanol exposure