Nematódeos resistentes a anti-helmíntico em rebanhos de ovinos e caprinos do estado do Ceará, Brasil.

Resumo: O controle do parasitismo por nematódeos gastrintestinais é feito basicamente com a utilização de anti-helmínticos. Falhas no controle são o primeiro sinal do aparecimento de resistência anti-helmíntica. A real situação da prevalência da resistência anti-helmíntica, em fazendas comerciais de criação de ovinos e caprinos no Brasil, é desconhecida. Esse experimento teve como objetivo, estimar a ocorrência de resistência ao oxfendazol, levamisol e ivermectina em propriedades comerciais de criação de ovinos e caprinos, na região do médio e baixo Jaguaribe, através do teste de redução na contagem de ovos nas fezes acompanhados de coproculturas. O trabalho foi realizado em 25 criações, sendo 16 de ovinos, 7 de caprinos e uma de ovinos e caprinos. Os dados obtidos foram analisados pelo programa estatístico RESO (1989). A prevalência de nematódeos resistentes ao oxfendazol, levamisol e ivermectina em ovinos foi de 88%, 41% e 59%, e em caprinos de 87,5%, 75% e 37,5%, respectivamente. Observou-se que o gênero Haemonchus foi o mais prevalente na população resistente a todos os anti-helmínticos, tanto em ovinos quanto em caprinos, seguido de Trichostrongylus e Oesophagostomum. [Nematodes resistant to anthelmintics in sheep and goat flock in the State of Ceará, Brazil]. ABSTRACT - The control of gastrointestinal nematodes parasitism is made basically with anthelmintics. Control failure is the first sign of anthelmintic resistance development. The actual situation of anthelmintic resistance prevalence in commercial farms of sheep and goats in Brazil is unknown. The aim of this work was to estimate the occurrence of oxfendazole, levamisole and ivermectin resistance in sheep and goats from medio and baixo Jaguaribe region by faecal egg count reduction followed by coprocultures. The work involved 25 farms (16 sheep farms, 7 goat farms and one of sheep and goats). Data were analysed by RESO (1989). The prevalence of resistant nematodes to oxfendazole, levamisole and ivermectin was respectively 88%, 41% and 59% in sheep and 87.5%, 75% and 37.5%, in goats. Haemonchus was the most prevalent genus in the resistant population to all anthelmintics in sheep and goats, followed by Trichostrongylus and Oesophagostomum

Genetic variability of a Bos taurus x Bos indicus cross population and validation of genomic regions influencing nematode resistance.

SIRGEALC. Resumo 305

Uso do cobre no controle da verminose gastrintestinal em ovinos.

No RS, a prevalência de resistência anti-helmíntica nos rebanhos ovinos representa um grave problema para o controle eficiente das helmintoses gastrintestinais. A resistência anti-helmíntica em nematódeos de ovinos se constitui no principal problema sanitário com que se defronta a indústria ovinícola no Brasil'. Esta situação não é diferente em outros países onde a resistência dos parasitos à maioria dos grupos químicos é uma realidade. Devido a estes fatores, vários estudos vem sendo realizados visando o desenvolvimento de métodos alternativos que contribuam para reduzir o consumo do uso de anti-helmínticos no controle da gastroenterite verminótica, como o uso de fungos nematófagose o emprego de minerais, cobre, como exemplo. Assim, pesquisadores da Nova Zelândia, relataram que a administração oral de partículas de óxido de cobre (COWP) para ovinos proporcionava uma redução significativa no número de parasitos recuperados na necropsia, com uma redução de 96% para Haemonchus. contortus.e 56% para Ostertagia circumcincta, respectivamente, além disso, aumento da mortalidade e redução da fecundidade de fêmeas de H. contortus também tem sido relatado, bem como, beneficios no combate de parasitos abomasals '. Este estudo teve o objetivo de verificar o tempo de proteção do cobre contra reinfecções por helmintos gastrintestinais de ovinos em pastejo para possível incorporação como ferramenta alternativa de controle

Gauge invariant definition of the jet quenching parameter

In the framework of Soft-Collinear Effective Theory, the jet quenching parameter, $\hat{q}$, has been evaluated by adding the effect of Glauber gluon interactions to the propagation of a highly-energetic collinear parton in a medium. The result, which holds in covariant gauges, has been expressed in terms of the expectation value of two Wilson lines stretching along the direction of the four-momentum of the parton. In this paper, we show how that expression can be generalized to an arbitrary gauge by the addition of transverse Wilson lines. The transverse Wilson lines are explicitly computed by resumming interactions of the parton with Glauber gluons that appear only in non-covariant gauges. As an application of our result, we discuss the contribution to $\hat{q}$ coming from transverse momenta of order $g^2T$ in a medium that is a weakly-coupled quark-gluon plasma.Comment: 31 pages, 7 figures; journal versio

Leishmaniose en Equateur : 1. Incidence de la leishmaniose tégumentaire sur la façade pacifique

Une enquête porte à porte sur 961 personnes dans deux stations de la côte Pacifique de l'Equateur a permis d'évaluer l'incidence et la prévalence de la leishmaniose tégumentaire à #Leishmania panamensis$, et de noter ses manifestations cliniques. Dans les collines subandines, à Paraiso Escondido, la prévalence de cas actifs était de 4,8 %; dans les collines de la cordillère littorale, elle était de 3,6 %, et dans les deux cas il n'y avait pas de différence significative entre les sexes. L'incidence de nouveaux cas en 1991 était forte, 147 °/oo à Paraiso Escondido, et 106 °/oo à La Tablada. La prévalence cumulée atteignait 66 % à Paraiso Escondido, et 47 % à La Tablada. 62 % des patients des deux stations présentaient une seule lésion ou cicatrice. Autochtones et migrants se contaminent dans leurs cinq premières années d'existence en zone d'endémie. Néammoins, l'incidence reste élevée dans toutes les classes d'âge en raison du grand nombre de migrants (50 %). Les questionnaires ont révélé une contamination en saison sèche, de juillet jusqu'à la fin d'année. La moustiquaire était utilisée comme protection contre les phlébotomes. Ces caractéristiques clinico-épidémiologiques étaient corroborées par celles, obtenues en détection passive, à l'Hôpital A. Egas de Santo Domingo. La contamination de jeunes enfants et d'adultes des deux sexes, les lésions à la face, suggèrent une transmission domiciliaire. (Résumé d'auteur

Evaluation of Antiplasmodial activity of extracts and constituents from Ampelozizyphus amazonicus

PMID: 26664012 WOS: 000362879000003BACKGROUND: Ampelozizyphus amazonicus Ducke, a plant that is widely used by the population of the Amazonian region to prevent and treat malaria, was investigated in this work, which describes, for the first time, the antiplasmodial activity of its extracts and associates this activity with its isolated constituents. METHODS: Different extracts with solvents of increasing polarity (hexane, chloroform, ethanol, and water) were obtained of the root bark. This procedure resulted in extracts that were characterized for their constituents. The cytotoxicity and activity of the extracts against Plasmodium berghei (schizontocidal activity, liver stage) and Plasmodium falciparum (3D7 and Dd2 strains, erythrocyte stage) were assessed in vitro. RESULTS: Of the four extracts assayed against P. berghei, the chloroform extract showed the greatest activity, with an inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) value of 30.1 µg/mL, followed by the aqueous extract (IC50 = 39.9 µg/mL). The chloroform extract exhibited the highest antiplasmodial activity in the erythrocyte stage of P. falciparum, with an IC50 value lower than 15 µg/mL. Fractionation of this more active extract led to the isolation and elucidation of pentacyclic triterpenes, lupeol, betulin and betulinic acid, which showed antiplasmodial activities with IC50 values ranging from 5.6 to 80.30 µM. The most active of these, betulinic acid, was further quantified in the extracts by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector analyzes. The higher amount was found in the chloroform extract, which was the most active one against P. falciparum. CONCLUSION: The results obtained in this work may partly explain the popular intake of A. amazonicusas an antimalarial remedy in the Amazon region.publishersversionpublishe

Building an endangered language resource in the classroom: Universal dependencies for Kakataibo

In this paper, we launch a new Universal Dependencies treebank for an endangered language from Amazonia: Kakataibo, a Panoan language spoken in Peru. We first discuss the collaborative methodology implemented, which proved effective to create a treebank in the context of a Computational Linguistic course for undergraduates. Then, we describe the general details of the treebank and the language-specific considerations implemented for the proposed annotation. We finally conduct some experiments on part-of-speech tagging and syntactic dependency parsing. We focus on monolingual and transfer learning settings, where we study the impact of a Shipibo-Konibo treebank, another Panoan language resourc