1,925 research outputs found
CP Violating Asymmetry in Stop Decay into Bottom and Chargino
In the MSSM with complex parameters, loop corrections to the decay of a stop
into a bottom quark and a chargino can lead to a CP violating decay rate
asymmetry.
We calculate this asymmetry at full one-loop level and perform a detailed
numerical study, analyzing the dependence on the parameters and complex phases
involved. In addition, we take the Yukawa couplings of the top and bottom quark
running. We account for the constraints on the parameters coming from several
experimental limits.
Asymmetries of several percent are obtained. We also comment on the
feasibility of measuring this asymmetry at the LHC.Comment: Contributed talk given by Sebastian Frank in June 2009 at SUSY09 -
17th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of
Fundamental Interactions, Northeastern University, Boston, USA. To appear in
the AIP conference proceedings, 4 pages, 7 figures (fixed links in
references
Evidence of breakdown of the spin symmetry in diluted 2D electron gases
Recent claims of an experimental demonstration of spontaneous spin
polarisation in dilute electron gases \cite{young99} revived long standing
theoretical discussions \cite{ceper99,bloch}. In two dimensions, the
stabilisation of a ferromagnetic fluid might be hindered by the occurrence of
the metal-insulator transition at low densities \cite{abra79}. To circumvent
localisation in the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) we investigated the low
populated second electron subband, where the disorder potential is mainly
screened by the high density of the first subband. This letter reports on the
breakdown of the spin symmetry in a 2DEG, revealed by the abrupt enhancement of
the exchange and correlation terms of the Coulomb interaction, as determined
from the energies of the collective charge and spin excitations. Inelastic
light scattering experiments and calculations within the time-dependent local
spin-density approximation give strong evidence for the existence of a
ferromagnetic ground state in the diluted regime.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, Revte
Spin blockade in ground state resonance of a quantum dot
We present measurements on spin blockade in a laterally integrated quantum
dot. The dot is tuned into the regime of strong Coulomb blockade, confining ~
50 electrons. At certain electronic states we find an additional mechanism
suppressing electron transport. This we identify as spin blockade at zero bias,
possibly accompanied by a change in orbital momentum in subsequent dot ground
states. We support this by probing the bias, magnetic field and temperature
dependence of the transport spectrum. Weak violation of the blockade is
modelled by detailed calculations of non-linear transport taking into account
forbidden transitions.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Microwave spectroscopy on a double quantum dot with an on-chip Josephson oscillator
We present measurements on microwave spectroscopy on a double quantum dot
with an on-chip microwave source. The quantum dots are realized in the
two-dimensional electron gas of an AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure and are weakly
coupled in series by a tunnelling barrier forming an 'ionic' molecular state.
We employ a Josephson oscillator formed by a long Nb/Al-AlO/Nb junction as
a microwave source. We find photon-assisted tunnelling sidebands induced by the
Josephson oscillator, and compare the results with those obtained using an
externally operated microwave source.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Improved full one-loop corrections to A^0 -> \sf_1 \sf_2 and \sf_2 -> \sf_1 A^0
We calculate the full electroweak one-loop corrections to the decay of the
CP-odd Higgs boson A^0 into scalar fermions in the minimal supersymmetric
extension of the Standard Model. For this purpose many parameters of the MSSM
have to be properly renormalized in the on-shell renormalization scheme. We
have also included the SUSY-QCD corrections. For the decay into bottom squarks
and tau sleptons, especially for large \tan\b, the corrections can be very
large making the perturbation expansion unreliable. We solve this problem by an
appropriate definition of the tree-level coupling in terms of running fermion
masses and running trilinear couplings A_f. We also discuss the decay of heavy
scalar fermions into light scalar fermions and A^0. We find that the
corrections can be sizeable and therefore cannot be neglected.Comment: 42 pages, 20 figures (23 eps-files
Frictional Drag Between Coupled 2D Hole Gases in GaAs/AlGaAs Heterostructures
We report on the first measurements of the drag effect between coupled
2D-hole gases. We investigate the coupling by changing the carrier densities in
the quantum wells, the widths of the barriers between the gases and the
perpendicular magnetic field. From the data we are able to attribute the
frictional drag to phonon coupling, because the non-parabolicity allows to tune
the Fermi wavevector and the Fermi velocity separately and, thereby, to
distinguish between phonon- and plasmon-dominated coupling.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure
Detection of quorum-sensing-related molecules in Vibrio scophthalmi
BACKGROUND: Cell-to-cell communication (also referred to as quorum sensing) based on N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) is a widespread response to environmental change in Gram-negative bacteria. AHLs seem to be highly variable, both in terms of the acyl chain length and in the chemical structure of the radicals. Another quorum sensing pathway, the autoinducer-2-based system, is present both in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this study the presence of signal molecules belonging to both quorum sensing signalling pathways was analysed in the marine symbiotic species Vibrio scophthalmi. RESULTS: Three AHL-like signal molecules were detected in V. scophthalmi supernatants with the Agrobacterium tumefaciens sensor assay. This observation was further supported by the decrease in the presence of these signal molecules after cloning and expression of lactonase AiiA from Bacillus cereus in the V. scophthalmi strains. One of the signal molecules was identified as N-(3-hydroxy dodecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone. V. scophthalmi was also shown to carry a functional LuxS synthase. The coding sequence for a luxS-like gene was obtained showing a maximum similarity of 78% with Vibrio vulnificus. Analysis of the translated sequence revealed that the sequenced luxS gene carried the conserved domain, which is common to luxS sequences found in other species, and which is essential for LuxS enzymatic activity. CONCLUSION: The data are consistent with the presence of quorum-sensing signal molecules from both AHL- and autoinducer 2-based quorum sensing systems in V. scophthalmi, which are homologous to others previously described in various Vibrio species. How this bacterium interacts with other bacteria and eukaryotic cells to compete ecologically with other intestinal bacteria present in the fish Scophthalmus maximus warrants further investigation
Efficient Experimental and Data-Centered Workflow for Microstructure-Based Fatigue Data – Towards a Data Basis for Predictive AI Models
Background
Early fatigue mechanisms for various materials are yet to be unveiled for the (very) high-cycle fatigue (VHCF) regime. This can be ascribed to a lack of available data capturing initial fatigue damage evolution, which continues to adversely affect data scientists and computational modeling experts attempting to derive microstructural dependencies from small sample size data and incomplete feature representations.
Objective
The aim of this work is to address this lack and to drive the digital transformation of materials such that future virtual component design can be rendered more reliable and more efficient. Achieving this relies on fatigue models that comprehensively capture all relevant dependencies.
Methods
To this end, this work proposes a combined experimental and data post-processing workflow to establish multimodal fatigue crack initiation and propagation data sets efficiently. It evolves around fatigue testing of mesoscale specimens to increase damage detection sensitivity, data fusion through multimodal registration to address data heterogeneity, and image-based data-driven damage localization.
Results
A workflow with a high degree of automation is established, that links large distortion-corrected microstructure data with damage localization and evolution kinetics. The workflow enables cycling up to the VHCF regime in comparatively short time spans, while maintaining unprecedented time resolution of damage evolution. Resulting data sets capture the interaction of damage with microstructural features and hold the potential to unravel a mechanistic understanding.
Conclusions
The proposed workflow lays the foundation for future data mining and data-driven modeling of microstructural fatigue by providing statistically meaningful data sets extendable to a wide range of materials
- …