Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Kalsium terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Fiska M, Amnah R, Wahyuni SH, Hadayani S, Nasution J, Haraha P, Siregar EA, Aziz A.  2022. Effect of calcium on growth and production of soybean plants (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). In: Herlinda S et al. (Eds.), Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal ke-10 Tahun 2022, Palembang 27 Oktober 2022. pp. 871-877. Palembang: Penerbit & Percetakan Universitas Sriwijaya (UNSRI).Soybean is one of the legume crops and is the world's main source of protein and vegetable oil. Calcium is one of the essential elements needed by plants for growth and production. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of calcium fertilizer on the growth and production of soybeans. This research was carried out from November 2020 to February 2021. The method in this study was a non-factorial randomized block design (RAK) with 4 types of calcium fertilizer treatments: 0 g/polybag (C0), 0.375 g/polybag (C1), 0.525 g/polybag (C2) and 0.865 g/polybag (C3). The results showed that calcium fertilizer had an effect on the number of pods, weight of pods, weight of filled pods, and weight of seeds. The calcium fertilizer treatment that gave the best results on the growth and production of soybeans was found in the C2 treatment at a dose of 0.525 g

Sanitation of blackwater via sequential wetland and electrochemical treatment

The discharge of untreated septage is a major health hazard in countries that lack sewer systems and centralized sewage treatment. Small-scale, point-source treatment units are needed for water treatment and disinfection due to the distributed nature of this discharge, i.e., from single households or community toilets. In this study, a high-rate-wetland coupled with an electrochemical system was developed and demonstrated to treat septage at full scale. The full-scale wetland on average removed 79 +/- 2% chemical oxygen demand (COD), 30 +/- 5% total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), 58 +/- 4% total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN), and 78 +/- 4% orthophosphate. Pathogens such as coliforms were not fully removed after passage through the wetland. Therefore, the wetland effluent was subsequently treated with an electrochemical cell with a cation exchange membrane where the effluent first passed through the anodic chamber. This lead to in situ chlorine or other oxidant production under acidifying conditions. Upon a residence time of at least 6 h of this anodic effluent in a buffer tank, the fluid was sent through the cathodic chamber where pH neutralization occurred. Overall, the combined system removed 89 +/- 1% COD, 36 +/- 5% TKN, 70 +/- 2% TAN, and 87 +/- 2% ortho-phosphate. An average 5-log unit reduction in coliform was observed. The energy input for the integrated system was on average 16 +/- 3 kWh/m(3), and 11 kWh/m(3) under optimal conditions. Further research is required to optimize the system in terms of stability and energy consumption

Immunopathogenesis of lymphatic filarial disease

Although two-thirds of the 120 million people infected with lymph-dwelling filarial parasites have subclinical infections, ~ 40 million have lymphedema and/or other pathologic manifestations including hydroceles (and other forms of urogenital disease), episodic adenolymphangitis, tropical pulmonary eosinophilia, lymphedema, and (in its most severe form) elephantiasis. Adult filarial worms reside in the lymphatics and lymph nodes and induce changes that result in dilatation of lymphatics and thickening of the lymphatic vessel walls. Progressive lymphatic damage and pathology results from the summation of the effect of tissue alterations induced by both living and nonliving adult parasites, the host inflammatory response to the parasites and their secreted antigens, the host inflammatory response to the endosymbiont Wolbachia, and those seen as a consequence of secondary bacterial or fungal infections. Inflammatory damage induced by filarial parasites appears to be multifactorial, with endogenous parasite products, Wolbachia, and host immunity all playing important roles. This review will initially examine the prototypical immune responses engendered by the parasite and delineate the regulatory mechanisms elicited to prevent immune-mediated pathology. This will be followed by a discussion of the proposed mechanisms underlying pathogenesis, with the central theme being that pathogenesis is a two-step process - the first initiated by the parasite and host innate immune system and the second propagated mainly by the host’s adaptive immune system and by other factors (including secondary infections)