Albumin Is a Component of the Esterase Status of Human Blood Plasma

open access articleThe esterase status of blood plasma can claim to be one of the universal markers of various diseases; therefore, it deserves attention when searching for markers of the severity of COVID-19 and other infectious and non-infectious pathologies. When analyzing the esterase status of blood plasma, the esterase activity of serum albumin, which is the major protein in the blood of mammals, should not be ignored. The purpose of this study is to expand understanding of the esterase status of blood plasma and to evaluate the relationship of the esterase status, which includes information on the amount and enzymatic activity of human serum albumin (HSA), with other biochemical parameters of human blood, using the example of surviving and deceased patients with confirmed COVID-19. In experiments in vitro and in silico, the activity of human plasma and pure HSA towards various substrates was studied, and the effect of various inhibitors on this activity was tested. Then, a comparative analysis of the esterase status and a number of basic biochemical parameters of the blood plasma of healthy subjects and patients with confirmed COVID-19 was performed. Statistically significant differences have been found in esterase status and biochemical indices (including albumin levels) between healthy subjects and patients with COVID-19, as well as between surviving and deceased patients. Additional evidence has been obtained for the importance of albumin as a diagnostic marker. Of particular interest is a new index, [Urea] x [MDA] x 1000/(BChEb x [ALB]), which in the group of deceased patients was 10 times higher than in the group of survivors and 26 times higher than the value in the group of apparently healthy elderly subjects

The assessment of physicians' and senior medical students’ knowledge in the field of communityacquired pneumonia: preliminary results of the KNOCAP-II project (2017-2019)

Внебольничная пневмония (ВП) относится к одной из самых актуальных проблем современной медицины. На сегодняшний день ВП занимает 4 место в структуре смертности (после сердечно-сосудистых, цереброваскулярных заболеваний и злокачественных новообразований) и 1 место среди всех смертей от инфекционных заболеваний. Цель – оценка уровня знаний врачей терапевтического профиля и студентов старших курсов медицинских вузов в вопросах ведения пациентов с ВП. В рамках многоцентрового исследования KNOCAP (полное название проекта – «The assessment of physician and students’ knowledge of community-acquired pneumonia basics») представлены результаты анонимного проспективного опроса по оценке знаний и предпочтений врачей терапевтического профиля и студентов старших медицинских курсов в вопросах ведения пациентов с ВП. По итогам первого периода проекта (2017-2019 гг.) получены и проанализированы результаты анкетирования 588 врачей терапевтического профиля и 394 студентов-медиков из 17 центров России, Украины и Кыргызстана. За основу взят метод анонимного анкетирования, для чего была разработана оригинальная анкета на основании актуальных клинических рекомендаций. Наибольшие сложности вызвали следующие вопросы: сроки проведения повторного рентгенологического исследования при положительной динамике лечения, выбор основного диагностического признака при ведении пациента с ВП, указать типовые ошибки фармакотерапии ВП и выбор стартовой антимикробной терапии у пациентов с факторами риска и без них. В целом исследование показало значимое несоответствие знаний в вопросах ведения пациентов с ВП актуальным клиническим рекомендациям 2010 г. и проектом новых клинических рекомендаций 2018-2019 гг. В настоящее время существует необходимость в повышении уровня знаний и совершенствовании профессиональной деятельности врачей терапевтического профиля и студентов старших медицинских курсов, так как проведенный многоцентровой срез знаний и предпочтений специалистов во многих вопросах выявил их недостаточный уровень для корректного ведения пациентов с ВП. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is one of the most relevant problems of modern medicine. Today, CAP takes 4th place in the structure of mortality (after cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases and malignant neoplasms) and 1st place among all deaths from infectious diseases. The aim of the study is to assess the level of general physician’ and senior medical students’ basic knowledge in CAP treatment. The article represents the results of anonymous prospective surveys within the framework of the second stage of KNOCAP multi-centered research project (full name of the project «The assessment of physician’ and students’ knowledge of community-acquired pneumonia basics») aimed at accessing the knowledge and preferences of doctors and students on the fundamental issues in diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. The survey conducted in 2017-2019 involved 588 physicians and 394 students from seventeen Russian, Kyrgyzstan and Ukrainian centers. The method of anonymous questioning was used in this study, for which an original questionnaire was developed on the basis of current clinical recommendations. The following fundamental questions caused the greatest difficulties in the respondents: terms for a repeated X-ray examination in positive dynamics of CAP treatment, the choice of main diagnostic criteria of CAP, the choice of the typical mistakes of CAP treatment, the choice of the initial antimicrobial therapy. In general, the respondents’ knowledge in CAP patients’ management deviates significantly from the current clinical guidelines, as of 2010, and from the new clinical guidelines draft, 2018-2019. Currently, there is a need to increase the level of knowledge and improve the professional activities of therapists and senior medical students, as a multicenter section of the knowledge and preferences of specialists in many issues revealed their insufficient level for the correct management of patients with CAP

Deagglomeration of aerosil in polishing suspension for chemical-mechanical polishing of sapphire

Studied is the influence of pH, surface-active substances and ultrasonic dispersing on the degree of deagglomeration of aerosol in the polishing suspensions used for CMP of sapphire, the removal rate and the optical quality of the surface at polishing. Ultrasonic dispersing makes it possible to obtain silica sol. It is established that the addition of high-molecular compounds with the functional groups OH favors deagglomeration of aerosil, raises the removal rate and allows to obtain the sapphire surface with the optical quality 20/10-40/20 according to the USA standard MIL-0-13830

Chemical-mechanical polishing of sapphire by polishing suspension based on aerosil

The conditions for the optimal balance among the degree of agglomeration of aerosil in the polishing suspension, removal rate, and the quality of the polished sapphire surface under chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) with the polishing suspension contained surfactants at different pH were determined. It was determined that these conditions depend on the crystallographic orientation of the sapphire surface. Surface roughness Ra 0.2-0.4 nm and the optical quality class 20/10-40/20 (USA MIL O 13830) was obtained for orientations (0001), (11-20), and (10-12) by CMP with the polishing suspension contained the surfactant with OH functional groups, and at optimal value of pH for each orientations

Spisok setevyh adresov organov zakonodatel'noi vlasti

Abstract: / Informacionnye resursy Rossii. 1998. №4

Spisok setevyh adresov regional'nyh organov vlasti

Abstract: / Informacionnye resursy Rossii. 1998. №2

Investigation of residual stresses in sapphire plates after grinding and polishing

The method of flexure determination was used to investigate the dependence of residual stresses on the depth of damaged layer in sapphire plates with a diameter of 100 mm after grinding and polishing. The flexure was determined from nonflatness of the control side of the plate using an interferometer of IT-200 type. The layer damaged in the process of grinding or polishing (of the tested side of the plate) was removed by chemico-mechanical polish. The removed value was established to an accuracy of 0.1 mg by weighing the plate before and after the treatment. The plate flexure was found to diminish with each removed layer, and to disappear after removal of 7 µm and 0.4 µm thick layer of the ground and polished samples, respectively. The most essential deformation caused by residual stresses was observed in the layers of the ground and polished plates with a thickness of 0.12-0.24 µm and 0.09-0.14 µm, respectively

Capacitor and resonator ceramics with low sintering temperature

A complex-composition ceramic condenser material based on barium titanate and a ceramic resonator material based on barium-neodymium titanate are obtained and investigated. Developed are glass technological additions which introduction into the raw material lowers the ceramics sintering temperature by 200-250°C, increases the density and diminishes the porosity of the ceramics samples, their electrophysical parameters remaining unchanged.Получен и исследован керамический конденсаторный материал сложного состава на основе титаната бария и керамический резонаторный материал на основе титаната бария-неодима. Разработаны стекловидные технологические добавки, введение которых в шихту снижает температуру спекания керамики на 200-250°C, увеличивает плотность и уменьшает пористость керамических образцов без ухудшения их электрофизических параметров.Одержано та досліджєно керамiчний матерiал на основі титанату барію та керамічний резонаторний матеріал на основі титанату барію-неодиму. Розроблено скловидні технологічні домішки, додавання яких у шихту знижує температуру спікання кераміки на 200-250°C, збільшує густину та пористість керамічних зразків без погіршення їх електрофізичних параметрів

Investigation of damaged layer formed at mechanical treatment of sapphire using three-crystal X-ray diffraction method

The methods of three-crystal X-ray diffractometry were used for investigating structure perfection in surface-adjacent damaged layer (DL) formed in the process of mechanical and chemical-mechanical treatment of sapphire crystals with the surface orientation {0001} {11-20}. Analysis of the diffraction reflection curves made it possible to establish the structure and character of distortions in the DL. There was established the mean-square disorientation between the fragments, which allowed to characterize the defects structure of the surface-adjacent DL