23,058 research outputs found
Newly Determined Explosion Center of Tycho's Supernova and the Implications for Proposed Ex-Companion Stars of the Progenitor
`Star G', near the center of the supernova remnant of Tycho's SN1572, has
been claimed to be the ex-companion star of the exploding white dwarf, thus
pointing to the progenitor being like a recurrent nova. This claim has been
controversial, but there have been no confident proofs or disproofs.
Previously, no has seriously addressed the question as to the exact explosion
site in 1572. We now provide accurate measures of the supernova position by two
radically different methods. Our first method is to use the 42 measured angular
distances between the supernova in 1572 and bright nearby stars, with
individual measures being as good as 84 arc-seconds, and all resulting in a
position with a 1- error radius of 39 arc-seconds (including systematic
uncertainties). Our second method is to use a detailed and realistic expansion
model for 19 positions around the edge of the remnant, where the swept-up
material has measured densities, and we determine the center of expansion with
a chi-square fit to the 19 measured radii and velocities. This method has a
1- error radius of 7.5 arc-seconds. Both measures are substantially
offset from the geometric center, and both agree closely, proving that neither
has any significant systematic errors. Our final combined position for the site
of the 1572 explosion is J2000 =0h 25m 15.36s, , with a 7.3 arc-second 1-sigma uncertainty. Star G is rejected at the
8.2- confidence level. Our new position lies mostly outside the region
previously searched for ex-companion stars.Comment: to be published in Ap
The (11112) model on a 1+1 dimensional lattice
We study the chiral gauge model (11112) of four left-movers and one
right-mover with strong interactions in the 1+1 dimensional lattice. Exact
computations of relevant -matrix elements demonstrate a loophole that so
constructed model and its dynamics can possibly evade the ``no-go'' theorem of
Nielsen and Ninomiya.Comment: 15 pages, 1 fig. to appear in Phys. Rev.
The relationship between amyloid structure and cytotoxicity
Self-assembly of proteins and peptides into amyloid structures has been the subject of intense and focused research due to their association with neurodegenerative, age-related human diseases and transmissible prion diseases in humans and mammals. Of the disease associated amyloid assemblies, a diverse array of species, ranging from small oligomeric assembly intermediates to fibrillar structures, have been shown to have toxic potential. Equally, a range of species formed by the same disease associated amyloid sequences have been found to be relatively benign under comparable monomer equivalent concentrations and conditions. In recent years, an increasing number of functional amyloid systems have also been found. These developments show that not all amyloid structures are generically toxic to cells. Given these observations, it is important to understand why amyloid structures may encode such varied toxic potential despite sharing a common core molecular architecture. Here, we discuss possible links between different aspects of amyloidogenic structures and assembly mechanisms with their varied functional effects. We propose testable hypotheses for the relationship between amyloid structure and its toxic potential in the context of recent reports on amyloid sequence, structure, and toxicity relationships
Power grids vulnerability: a complex network approach
Power grids exhibit patterns of reaction to outages similar to complex
networks. Blackout sequences follow power laws, as complex systems operating
near a critical point. Here, the tolerance of electric power grids to both
accidental and malicious outages is analyzed in the framework of complex
network theory. In particular, the quantity known as efficiency is modified by
introducing a new concept of distance between nodes. As a result, a new
parameter called net-ability is proposed to evaluate the performance of power
grids. A comparison between efficiency and net-ability is provided by
estimating the vulnerability of sample networks, in terms of both the metrics.Comment: 16 pages, 3 figures. Figure 2 and table II modified. Typos corrected.
Version accepted for publication in Chao
Boundary between the thermal and statistical polarization regimes in a nuclear spin ensemble
As the number of spins in an ensemble is reduced, the statistical uctuations
in its polarization eventually exceed the mean thermal polarization. This
transition has now been surpassed in a number of recent nuclear magnetic
resonance experiments, which achieve nanometer-scale detection volumes. Here,
we measure nanometer- scale ensembles of nuclear spins in a KPF6 sample using
magnetic resonance force microscopy. In particular, we investigate the
transition between regimes dominated by thermal and statistical nuclear
polarization. The ratio between the two types of polarization provides a
measure of the number of spins in the detected ensemble
Theory for transport through a single magnetic molecule: Endohedral N@C60
We consider transport through a single N@C60 molecule, weakly coupled to
metallic leads. Employing a density-matrix formalism we derive rate equations
for the occupation probabilities of many-particle states of the molecule. We
calculate the current-voltage characteristics and the differential conductance
for N@C60 in a break junction. Our results reveal Coulomb-blockade behavior as
well as a fine structure of the Coulomb-blockade peaks due to the exchange
coupling of the C60 spin to the spin of the encapsulated nitrogen atom.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, v2: version as publishe
Bogoliubov Hamiltonian as Derivative of Dirac Hamiltonian via Braid Relation
In this paper we discuss a new type of 4-dimensional representation of the
braid group. The matrices of braid operations are constructed by q-deformation
of Hamiltonians. One is the Dirac Hamiltonian for free electron with mass m,
the other, which we find, is related to the Bogoliubov Hamiltonian for
quasiparticles in He-B with the same free energy and mass being m/2. In the
process, we choose the free q-deformation parameter as a special value in order
to be consistent with the anyon description for fractional quantum Hall effect
with .Comment: 3 pages, 5 figure
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