Methodological approaches to the construction of an econometric model of hidden profits at the micro level

Application of econometric analysis methods to such relatively underexplored field of scientific knowledge as the shadow economy which is characterized by a higher degree of difficulty in getting its assessments forces in some cases to refuse to comply with mechanical use of econometric tools and formulate a number of assumptions without which the problem can not be solved. In order for the method worked well, it should be found a rational relationship between the source data, the prerequisites of the methods used, and the provisions of econometric theory. In addition, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the socioeconomic cause-effect relationships between phenomena. As practice shows, availability of information only is insufficient to obtain reliable estimates of the shadow economy and the calculations associated with their prediction. There is currently no legally established recommendations on methods of formation predictive estimates of the shadow economy. This leads to the need to find effective forecasting models and techniques as a tool for management of the shadow economy. Simulation of legally unregistered processes on the basis of correlation-regression analysis allows with a high degree of reliability to evaluate the relationship between hidden profits and the dominant factors, to rank them in order of importance, and to determine the contribution of each factor to the development of shadow economic activities at the micro level

Convergence and stability analysis of kolmogorov system solutions in infinite-dimensional space

© Medwell Journals, 2017.The study studied the issues of convergence and stability of some calculation system solutions for linear differential equations, namely Kolmogorov's calculation systems in infinite-dimensional space on the basis of local integrability, non-negative coefficients and diagonal dominance properties. The conditions for operators were found with which they solve some problems of these system solution convergence and stability. On the basis of the local integrability, non-negative coefficients and diagonal dominance properties the sufficient conditions were obtained which guarantee the stability and the convergence of Kolmogorov's countable system solutions. The results of the study may be applied during the analysis of technical system various models, particularly the telecommunication system models. Besides, the results of Kolmogorov's system analysis can be used for biological system modeling. The study develops the approach to the qualitative research of Kolmogorov's systems based on the distribution of differential equation qualitative theory in infinite-dimensional spaces on Kolmogorov's systems that allowed to obtain a number of new results. Strict substantiations of the statements are presented concerning the qualitative behavior of solutions for some calculation systems of linear differential equations. One may formulate similar statements for infinite reproduction and death systems which are the particular cases of Kolmogorov's systems as the results of obtained statements

Diversification of the Defence Industry Complex as a priority direction for Russia’s innovative development

The purpose of the study is to determine the degree of influence of the diversification of the defence industry on the level of innovative development of the national economy. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved: theoretical developments in the study of the essence and history of the development of diversification were summarised, promising directions for the development of this process in the Russian Defence Industry Complex were defined, the main problems of the development of the defence sector were revealed and the directions for their solution were substantiated.In the course of the research, the methods of empirical (observation, measurement, comparison) and experimental-theoretical (historical, logical, hypothetical) level of learning were used, with the help of which the facts of evaluating the phenomenon were collected, verified and systematised, and non-random dependencies were identified and the causes and consequences were determined. For the logical study of the collected facts and the development of concepts and judgments, the methods of the theoretical level were applied (study and generalisation, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction).The result of the study was a well-grounded conclusion that the main reasons for the development of diversification processes in our country are the reduction in the volume of state defence orders and the need to stimulate the innovative development of the production of civilian products. In turn, the development of diversification can become the basis for increasing the economic stability of the defence industry and accelerating innovative transformations in Russia

The Influence of Online Format on Forming Soft Skills in Foreign Language Teaching

The purpose of this research is to identify opportunities to develop soft skills, which are essential for graduates’ future professional activities, in online foreign language learning. The study focuses on distance learning, which has become a reality in university education due to the pandemic and the increased availability of higher education to those who cannot attend in-person classes (because of the distance, health problems, etc). Specifically, the research aims to demonstrate which soft skills, prioritized by employers, can and must be developed in distance foreign language learning, the preferred typology of exercises for this task, the specifics of teachers’ work in this format, and how to mobilize active attention in distance education. The study uses survey results collected from teachers and students at Lomonosov Moscow State University, which are analyzed along with relevant theoretical models. The research prioritizes tasks and assignments targeting soft skills such as creativity, learnability, critical thinking, and collaboration, with independent student work gaining more importance. The study concludes that online lessons should emphasize autonomous work performance over primary educational elements, and the results can form the basis for developing foreign language methodology in distance instruction. The research suggests this could be an optional module in a hybrid format that shows promise for higher foreign language education

ПРОБЛЕМНО-ОРІЄНТОВАНЕ ВИКЛАДАННЯ ДИТЯЧИХ ІНФЕКЦІЙНИХ ХВОРОБ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТІВ МЕДИЧНОГО ФАКУЛЬТЕТУ НА ВИПУСКНОМУ КУРСІ

The accelerated pace of scientific and technological development of modern Ukrainian society, is steadily striving to unite with the world community, puts the requirement for urgent modernization in front of the traditional higher school. The quality of education to an outstanding extent depends on the effectiveness of communication in the “teacher-student” system. Our proposed form for the study of childhood infectious diseases allows to bypass the imposition of the authoritarian thought of the teacher. This is achieved through the formation of a productive team of teacher – students on mutually beneficial conditions of cooperation on the basis of bilateral (both of the teacher and the student) internal motivation. The basis of innovations in the teaching of medicine today is the introduction of interactive cooperation between those who help to study, and those who study, and problem-oriented learning. Therefore, in the study of children's infectious diseases by graduate students, the practical lesson is based on thematic (according to the topic of the practical lesson) supervision of the patient in the presence of the attending physician and under the supervision of the teacher. This is a real child with a real problem, and therefore, the teacher created an original task, tied to a real life situation. Such a clinical task for its solution requires the student to independently apply a wide range of knowledge and skills in the studied discipline in related subjects. A role-playing game begins: the attending physician (the student who observed the patient) invites other specialists (the rest of the group's students) to the council to help make a diagnosis. Prospects for further improvement of the educational process in the study of pediatric infectious diseases will relate to stimulating interest in the subject by promoting the idea of ​​involving students to actively participate in the development of their practical skills through elements of research work within the scope of the work program.Ґрунтом інновацій у викладанні медицини стало на сьогодні впровадження інтерактивної взаємодiї між тими, хто вчиться, і тими, хто їм допомагає, та проблемно-орієнтоване навчання. Вдосконалення викладання дитячих інфекційних хвороб через впровадження проблемно-орієнтованого підходу до навчання є необхідною вимогою часу. Студентам випускного курсу при вивченні дитячих інфекційних хвороб в основу практичного заняття покладено тематичну (згідно з темою практичного заняття) курацію хворого в присутності лікаря та під контролем викладача. Тобто центральне місце при вивченні курсу займає оригінальна проблема – конкретна хвора дитина з притаманними лише їй особливостями перебігу захворювання. Теоретичні знання в даному випадку мають пройти іспит практикою. Через конкретного пацієнта ініціюється необхідність скласти пазли «теорія і практика». Студент повинен сформулювати правильний діагноз і запропонувати застосування відповідного протоколу діагностики та лікування. Це практично-орієнтоване клінічне завдання дає змогу викладачеві працювати як індивідуально з одним студентом, так і залучати всю академічну групу як учасників консиліуму по даному хворому та мати можливість продемонструвати можливості колективного вирішення проблеми. Викладач у такій уже колективній ролевій грі виконуватиме роль супроводжуючого фасилітатора, а тюнер не обмежується лише роллю джерела знань. Якість навчання значною мірою залежить від ефективності комунікації в системі «викладач – студент». Від уміння викладача подати матеріал, вибудовувати взаємовідносини зі студентами залежить ступінь їх пізнавального інтересу до предмета, формується внутрішня мотивація до навчання. Пропонована нами форма вивчення дитячих інфекційних хвороб дозволяє оминути нав’язування авторитарної думки викладача шляхом формування продуктивної команди викладач – студенти на взаємовигідних умовах співпраці на ґрунті двостороннього (і з боку викладача, і з боку студента) володіння внутрішньою мотивацією. Завдання сучасного викладача – пристосуватися до зростання вимог організації навчального процесу у вищій школі, до засвоєння новітніх технологій у цій галузі, і насамперед, бути висококваліфікованим фахівцем у своїй галузі знань, вміти швидко і якісно сприймати та практично застосовувати всі інновації, кількість яких зростає з року в рік. Перспективи подальшого вдосконалення навчального процесу при вивченні дитячих інфекційних хвороб стосуватимуться стимуляції інтересу до даного предмета шляхом просування ідеї залучення студентів до активної участі в освоєнні ними практичних навичок через елементи науково-дослідницької роботи в рамках тем, що передбачені робочою програмою

Cellular internalisation, bioimaging and dark and photodynamic cytotoxicity of silica nanoparticles doped by {Mo₆I₈}⁴⁺ metal clusters

Silica nanoparticles (SNPs) doped by hexanuclear molybdenum cluster complexes [{Mo₆X₈}L₆]n (X = Cl, Br, or I; L = various inorganic or organic ligands) have been recently suggested as materials with a high potential for biomedical applications due to both the outstanding photoluminescent properties and the ability to efficiently generate singlet oxygen upon photoirradiation. However, no studies were undertaken so far to prove this concept. Therefore, here we examined the potential of photoluminescent SNPs doped by {Mo₆I₈}⁴⁺ for such applications as bioimaging and photodynamic therapy using human epidermoid larynx carcinoma (Hep-2) cell line as a model. Our results demonstrated both: (i) significant luminescence from cells with internalised molybdenum cluster doped SNPs combined with the low cytotoxicity of particles in the darkness and (ii) significant cytotoxicity of the particles upon photoirradiation. Thus, this research provides strong experimental evidence for high potential of molybdenum cluster doped materials in such biomedical applications as optical bioimaging, biolabeling and photodynamic therapy

Distribution and prevalence of the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae in northernmost Europe: analysis of three salmonid species

Global climate change is altering the abundance and spread of many aquatic parasites and pathogens. Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) of salmonids caused by the myxozoan Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae is one such emerging disorder, and its impact is expected to increase with rising water temperature. Yet, the distribution and prevalence of T. bryosalmonae in Northern Europe remain poorly characterized. Here, we studied 43 locations in 27 rivers in northernmost Norway and Finland to describe T. bryosalmonae infection frequency and patterns in 1389 juvenile salmonids. T. bryosalmonae was discovered in 12 out of 27 rivers (44%) and prevalence ranged from 4.2 to 55.5% in Atlantic salmon and from 5.8 to 75% in brown trout among infected rivers. In sympatric populations, brown trout was more frequently infected with T. bryosalmonae than was salmon. Age-specific parasite prevalence patterns revealed that in contrast to lower latitudes, the infection of juvenile fish predominantly occurs during the second summer or later. Temperature monitoring over 2 yr indicated that the mean water temperature in June was 2.1 to 3.2 degrees C higher in rivers containing T. bryosalmonae compared to parasite-free rivers, confirming the important role of temperature in parasite occurrence. Temporal comparison in T. bryosalmonae prevalence over a 10 yr period in 11 rivers did not reveal any signs of contemporary parasite spread to previously uninfected rivers. However, the wide distribution of T. bryosalmonae in rivers flowing to the Barents Sea indicates that climate change and heat waves may cause new disease outbreaks in northern regions

Combination of hypomorphic mutations of the Drosophila homologues of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and nucleosome assembly protein family genes disrupts morphogenesis, memory and detoxification

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor is essential for biological responses to endogenous and exogenous toxins in mammals. Its Drosophila homolog spineless plays an important role in fly morphogenesis. We have previously shown that during morphogenesis spineless genetically interacts with CG5017 gene, which encodes a nucleosome assembly factor and may affect cognitive function of the fly. We now demonstrate synergistic interactions of spineless and CG5017 in pathways controlling oxidative stress response and long-term memory formation in Drosophila melanogaster. Oxidative stress was induced by low doses of X-ray irradiation of flies carrying hypomorphic mutation of spineless, mutation of CG5017, and their combination. To determine the sensitivity of these mutants to pharmacological modifiers of the irradiation effect, we irradiated flies growing on standard medium supplemented by radiosensitizer furazidin and radioprotector serotonin. The effects of irradiation were investigated by analyzing leg and antenna morphological structures and by using real-time PCR to measure mRNA expression levels for spineless, Cyp6g1 and Gst-theta genes. We also examined long-term memory in these mutants using conditioned courtship suppression paradigm. Our results show that the interaction of spineless and CG5017 is important for regulation of morphogenesis, long-term memory formation, and detoxification during oxidative stress. Since spineless and CG5017 are evolutionary conserved, these results must be considered when evaluating the risk of combining similar mutations in other organisms, including humans