Geomechanical stability of the caprock during CO2 sequestration in deep saline aquifers

8 páginas, 5 figuras.Sequestration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in deep saline aquifers has emerged as a mitigation strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. The large amounts of supercritical CO2 that need to be injected into deep saline aquifers may cause large fluid pressure buildup. The resulting overpressure will produce changes in the effective stress field. This will deform the rock and may promote reactivation of sealed fractures or the creation of new ones in the caprock seal, which could lead to escape paths for CO2. To understand these coupled hydromechanical phenomena, we model an axisymmetric horizontal aquifer-caprock system. We study plastic strain propagation patterns using a viscoplastic approach. Simulations illustrate that plastic strain may propagate through the whole thickness of the caprock if horizontal stress is lower than vertical stress. In contrast, plastic strain concentrates in the contact between the aquifer and the caprock if horizontal stress is larger than vertical stress. Aquifers that present a low-permeability boundary experience an additional fluid pressure increase once the pressure buildup cone reaches the outer boundary. However, fluid pressure does not evolve uniformly in the aquifer. While it increases in the low-permeability boundary, it drops in the vicinity of the injection well because of the lower viscosity of CO2. Thus, caprock stability does not get worse in semi-closed aquifers compared to open aquifers. Overall, the caprock acts as a plate that bends because of pressure buildup, producing a horizontal extension of the upper part of the caprock. This implies a vertical compression of this zone, which may produce settlements instead of uplift in low-permeability (k≤10-18 m2) caprocks at early times of injection.V.V. would like to acknowledge the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MIC) for financial support through the “Formación de Profesorado Universitario” program. V.V. also wishes to acknowledge the “Colegio de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos – Catalunya” for their financial support. This project has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the project CIUDEN (Ref.: 030102080014), and through the MUSTANG project, from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant agreement nº 227286.Peer reviewe

Scaling and Crossover to Tricriticality in Polymer Solutions

We propose a scaling description of phase separation of polymer solutions. The scaling incorporates three universal limiting regimes: the Ising limit asymptotically close to the critical point of phase separation, the "ideal-gas" limit for the pure-solvent phase, and the tricritical limit for the polymer-rich phase asymptotically close to the theta point. We have also developed a phenomenological crossover theory based on the near-tricritical-point Landau expansion renormalized by fluctuations. This theory validates the proposed scaled representation of experimental data and crossover to tricriticality.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ ОЦЕНКИ КАЧЕСТВА ЖИЗНИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ РЕГИОНОВ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОГО ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ОКРУГА

The results of statistical estimation of the life quality of Central Federal Districtpopulation are shown. Methods of clustering and correlation analysis were used.Integral estimation of the life quality wascarried out.ВданнойстатьепредставленырезультатыстатистическогоисследованиякачестважизнинаселениярегионовЦФО. В ходе исследования применялись методы кластерного и корреляционного анализа. Получена интегральная оценка качества жизни населения в региональном аспекте

Features of COVID-19 course in patients with obesity and dysglycemia

Aim. To study the features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with different severity of carbohydrate metabolism disorders (CMDs), taking into account the possible role of obesity in the acceleration of clinical and laboratory disorders.Material and methods. There were 137 consecutive patients admitted to the infectious disease hospital for COVID-19patients. Three 3 groups were formed: group 1 — 42 patients with concomitant type 2 diabetes (T2D); group 2 — 13 patients with concomitant prediabetes; group 3 — 82 patients without concomitant CMDs.Results. Patients with T2D tended to have a more severe disease course according to the SMRT-CO algorithm (p=0,089), which was associated with the longest hospital stay (p=0,038), the most pronounced (p=0,011) and prolonged (p=0,0001) decrease in oxygen saturation, the maximum percentage of lung injury at the beginning (p=0,094) and at the end (p=0,007) of hospitalization, the greater need for intensive care unit (p=0,050), as well as the highest increase in C-reactive protein and fibrinogen (hypercoagulability and systemic inflammation were noted in all groups). Patients with prediabetes in terms of COVID-19 severity occupied an intermediate position between those with T2D and without CMDs; at the same time, they most often needed the prescription of biological preparations (p=0,001). In the first and second groups, there were larger, compared with the control, proportions of obese people (61,9%, 53,8% and 30,5%, respectively, p=0,003). Prediabetes group had a strong correlation between the severity of viral pneumonitis according to SMRT-CO and the presence of obesity (R=0,69, p=0,009).Conclusion. In patients with impaired carbohydrate metabolism of any severity, COVID-19 is more severe. At the same time, persons with overt T2D are prone to the most severe COVID-19 course, while patients with prediabetes in terms of disease severity occupy an intermediate position between them and those without CMDs. Obesity is a strong risk factor for severe COVID-19 among patients with initial CMDs (prediabetes), which is partly mediated by prior liver dysfunction associated with the metabolic syndrome. The increase in proinflammatory changes and hypercoagulability is associated with COVID-19 severity in patients with and without CMDs. These disorders had the greatest severity and persistence in patients with T2D

The course of gout in a patient with Cushing’s disease after successful surgical treatment

Endogenous  hypercortisolism  is a severe endocrine  disease characterized by prolonged  exposure to excessive amounts of glucocorticoid hormones, accompanied by a wide range of symptoms and complications, including immunosuppression. Timely surgical treatment in most cases allows to save the patient’s life, significantly improve its quality. However, restoration of the normal concentration of glucocorticoid  hormones can become a trigger factor in the development or exacerbation of autoimmune and auto-inflammatory diseases. We present a clinical case of atypical gout in a patient with hypercortisolism and a progressive increase in symptoms of the disease after successful surgical treatment for Cushing’s disease and achieving stable remission. The issues of diagnosis and treatment of this group of autoinflammatory diseases are highlighted, the leading clinical and radiological  symptoms are considered, the differential diagnosis  of microcrystalline (metabolic) arthritis is presented. Despite the widespread, the diagnosis and treatment of this group of diseases still cause difficulties for specialists. A competent choice of drug therapy allows to fully control diseases considered in the article, including when they are combined, and thereby improve the quality of life of the patient

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ КЛАСТЕРНОГО АНАЛИЗА ДЛЯ ОЦЕНКИ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНОВ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ЦФО И ЯРОСЛАВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

In the article the results of Cluster Analysis of the Central Federal District regions are presented. The use of cluster analysis methods for definition of the resources utilization degree and the improvement of socio-economic development of any region is considered. The article gives the index of socio-economic development of the Yaroslavl region.В статье представлены результаты кластерного анализа регионов Центрального Федерального округа. Проведенный анализ позволил выявить степень использования ресурсов, а также возможности территорий по улучшению показателей социально-экономического развития. Определен рейтинг социально-экономического развития Ярославской области в ЦФО

First description of a type v osteogenesis imperfecta clinical case with severe skeletal deformities caused by a mutation p.119C> T in IFITM5 gene in Russia

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a hereditary connective tissue disorder. Main clinical manifestations include recurring pathological fractures and progressive skeletal deformation. Five types of OI are distinguished based on clinical symptoms. In most cases, the disease is caused by mutations in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes, leading to a defect of type 1 collagen synthesis, which is the main component of the bone matrix. Up to 5% of patients with OI have a mutation in IFITM5 gene, which leads to the development of OI type V. Approximately 150 cases of the OI type V are described in the literature, and mutation c.-14C T in IFITM5 gene is found in most of the cases. Only 5 patients have a c.119C T: p.S40L.mutation. Pathogenesis of OI type V is not fully understood. It is assumed that mutations in the IFITM5 gene cause impaired osteoblastogenesis, decreased bone mineral density and multiple low-traumatic fractures. There is probably a phenotype-genotypic correlation in cases with different mutations of the IFITM5. However, it is currently difficult to assess the relationship in view of the variability of the characters and the low prevalence of the OI type V. We present the first description in Russia of the clinical case of an adult patient with OI type V due to a rare mutation p.119C T: p.S40L in the IFITM5 gene

Diagnostic value of salivary cortisol in 1-mg dexamethasone suppression test

BACKGROUND: Late-night salivary cortisol and serum cortisol measurements after 1-mg Dexamethasone Suppression Test (1-mg DST) are routinely used to diagnose Cushing’s syndrome (CS). Measuring morning salivary instead of serum cortisol after 1-mg DST would make the diagnostics of CS fully non-invasive. AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of salivary cortisol in 1-mg DST as measured by electrochemiluminescence assay (ECLIA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We combined a cohort diagnostic study, including 164 participants (132 females, 32 males) aged from 18 to 77 years: 110 were overweight or obese as increased BMI is the most common sign of Cushing’s Syndrome (CS), and 54 healthy volunteers. In each cohort late-night salivary cortisol was measured (at 23:00) followed by 1-mg DST and blood and salivary sampling for cortisol measurement the next morning at 08:00-09:00. Cortisol in saliva and serum were measured on automatic analyzer Cobas е 601 by F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, using ECLIA. The final diagnosis was confirmed by the histological evaluation after surgery or using a follow-up observation in patients with obesity to exclude Cushing’s syndrome manifestation. RESULTS: Among 110 patients, 54 subjects were finally confirmed as having Cushing's syndrome. Reference interval for salivary cortisol after 1-mg DST was estimated to be 0,5–12,7 nmol/l (5–95 procentile). Maximal salivary cortisol level in 1-mg DST registered in healthy person was 29,6 mmol/l. Areas under the curve (AUC) were as following: for salivary cortisol in 1-mg DST – 0,838 (95% СI 0,772–0,905), for blood cortisol in 1-mg DST – 0,965 (95% CI 0,939–0,992) and for late-night salivary cortisol – 0,925 (95% CI 0,882–0,969). The optimal cut-off point for salivary cortisol after 1-mg DST was estimated as 12.1 nmol/l (sensitivity 60%, specificity 92,9%) among CS versus healthy subjects; 12,6 (sensitivity 58,2%, specificity 96,2%) among patients with obesity and CS; and – 12,2 nmol/l (sensitivity 60,7%, specificity 93,4%) among CS and both obese and healthy control subjects. Considering small difference between cut-off points, the recommended cut-off value for salivary cortisol after 1-mg DST is recommended to be 12,0 nmol/l if measured by ECLIA. CONCLUSION: Although salivary cortisol after 1-mg DST is inferior to serum cortisol after 1-mg DST in the diagnostic performance and diagnostic accuracy, it can be used as a low-invasive screening test with superior specificity

CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA: EPIDEMIOLOGY AND FIFTEENTH YEARS OF THERAPY IN THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION

The incidence of chronic myeloid leukemia from 2004 to 2018 amounted to 0.63 per 100 000 people per year. The prevalence of chronic myeloid leukemia over the past 15 years has increased from 1.88 to 7.02 case per 100 000 people. We have analyzed the therapy outcomes of chronic myeloid leukemia of patients, received imatinib treatment for more than 12 month (165 patients). Complete hematologic response is attained in 88.5 % cases (146 patients), complete cytogenetic response (CCR) (ph+<0 %) – in 72.1 % cases (119 patients), major molecular response (MMR) – in 50.3 % cases (83 patients). The primary resistance to imatinib is observed in 21.8 % cases (36 patients), secondary – in 6.1 % cases (10 patients – 7 patients have lost the complete hematologic response and CCR and 3 patients have lost the CCR and MMR). The thirteen patients of those, who have primary or secondary resistance to imatinib have been treated with second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (nilotinib, dasatinib) and in 93,3 % cases (14 patients) CCR have been obtained, 10 patients (66.7 %) have attained the CCR and 9 patients (60 %) have achieved MMR. Among all those patients treated with I and II generations tyrosine kinase inhibitors, we have carried out the overall survival (OS) analysis and obtained following results: the median of OS have not been achieved, 5-year OS rate is estimated as 90 %, 10-year OS rate – more than 77 %, calculated 15-year OS – more than 60 %

ОБОСНОВАНИЕ КОНЦЕПЦИИ ФИЗИОТЕРАПЕВТИЧЕСКИХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ НОВОГО ПОКОЛЕНИЯ

Concept of a new generation of physiotherapeutic complexes is analyzed. The requirements for the database for them are formulated. List of problems that should be addressed to create such complexes is given.Проанализирована концепция физиотерапевтических комплексов нового поколения. Сформулированы требования к базе данных для них. Обоснован перечень задач, которые необходимо решить для создания таких комплексов