High sensitivity Cavity Ring Down spectroscopy of 18O enriched carbon dioxide between 5850 and 7000 cm-1: Part III-Analysis and theoretical modeling of the 12C17O2, 16O12C17O, 17O12C18O, 16O13C17O and 17O13C18O spectra

More than 19,700 transitions belonging to 11 isotopologues of carbon dioxide have been assigned in the room temperature absorption spectrum of highly 18O enriched carbon dioxide recorded by very high sensitivity CW-Cavity Ring Down spectroscopy between 5851 and 6990 cm-1 (1.71-1.43 \mum). This third and last report is devoted to the analysis of the bands of five 17O containing isotopologues present at very low concentration in the studied spectra: 16O12C17O, 17O12C18O, 16O13C17O, 17O13C18O and 12C17O2 (627, 728, 637, 738 and 727 in short hand notation). On the basis of the predictions of effective Hamiltonian models, a total of 1759, 1786, 335, 273 and 551 transitions belonging to 24, 24, 5, 4 and 7 bands were rovibrationally assigned for 627, 728, 637, 738 and 727, respectively. For comparison, only five bands were previously measured in the region for the 728 species. All the identified bands belong to the \deltaP=8 and 9 series of transitions, where P=2V1+V2+3V3 is the polyad number (Vi are vibrational quantum numbers). The band-by-band analysis has allowed deriving accurate spectroscopic parameters of 61 bands from a fit of the measured line positions. Two interpolyad resonance perturbations were identified

The Absorption Spectrum of Nitrous Oxide between 8325 and 8622 cm−1

The weak high-resolution absorption spectrum of natural nitrous oxide has been recorded by high sensitivity cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) near 1.18 µm. The frequency scale of the spectra was obtained by coupling the CRDS spectrometer to a self-referenced frequency comb. The room temperature recordings, performed with a pressure of 1 Torr, cover the 8325-8622 cm−1 spectral interval where previous observations were very scarce. More than 3300 lines belonging to four N2O isotopologues (14N216O, 14N15N16O, 15N14N16O, and 14N218O) are measured with a position accuracy better than 1 × 10−3 cm−1 for most of the lines. Line intensities at room temperature range between 1.2 × 10−25 and 3.8 × 10−30 cm/molecule. The rovibrational assignments were obtained by comparison with predictions based on the global modeling of the line positions and intensities performed within the framework of the method of effective operators. The band-by-band analysis led to the determination of the rovibrational parameters of a total of 47 bands. All identified bands belong to the ΔP= 14-16 series of transitions, where P=2V1+V2+4V3 is the polyad number (Vi= 1-3 are the vibrational quantum numbers). Among these bands, only five were previously observed and bands of the ΔP= 15 series are reported for the first time. Local resonance perturbations affecting two bands are identified and analyzed. The position and intensity comparisons to the HITRAN2016 and HITEMP2019 spectroscopic databases are discussed. The HITRAN line list is limited to only four (calculated) bands of the 14N218O isotopologue in the studied region while ΔP= 15 bands are missing in the HITEMP list. The present work will help to improve future versions of the spectroscopic databases of nitrous oxide, a strong greenhouse gas. © 2021 Elsevier LtdThis work is jointly supported by CNRS (France) in the frame of the International Research Project “ SAMIA ” with IAO-Tomsk

New transitions and energy levels of water vapor by high sensitivity CRDS near 1.73 and 1.54 µm

This contribution is part of a long term project aiming at improving the water absorption spectroscopy by high sensitivity cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) in the near infrared. Two new sources of CRDS spectra are considered: (i) The room temperature absorption spectrum of water vapor in natural isotopic abundance is recorded near 1.73 µm. A series of recordings was performed from 5693 to 5991 cm−1 with a pressure value of about 6 Torr. The noise equivalent absorption (αmin) of the spectra is better than 10− 10 cm−1. A total of 1453 lines were assigned to 1573 transitions of four water isotopologues (H2 16O, H2 17O, H2 18O and HD16O). Their intensities span more than five orders of magnitude from 3.0 × 10−30 to 4.7 × 10−25 cm/molecule at 296 K. The assignments were performed using known experimental energy levels as well as calculated line lists based on the results of Schwenke and Partridge. Two hundred fifty-one lines (assigned to 280 transitions) are observed for the first time and twelve energy levels are newly determined. The comparison of the obtained line parameters with those of the HITRAN database is discussed. Forty-six line positions are observed to significantly differ from their HITRAN values (δν = │νHITRAN – νCRDS│ > 0.02 cm−1). The derived set of energy levels is compared to those recommended by an IUPAC task group. (ii) The room temperature CRDS spectrum of water vapor highly enriched in 17O was recorded near 1.54 µm (6223–6672 cm−1) at a pressure of 12 Torr. Compared to a previous study, the higher pressure of the recordings allowed for extending the observations. Overall, twenty-six new levels were determined for both H2 17O and HD17O. All these observations together with other recent measurements will allow for an extension and an update of our empirical database in the 5693– 8340 cm−1 region. © 2019 Elsevier Lt

Properties of electrons scattered on a strong plane electromagnetic wave with a linear polarization: classical treatment

The relations among the components of the exit momenta of ultrarelativistic electrons scattered on a strong electromagnetic wave of a low (optical) frequency and linear polarization are established using the exact solutions to the equations of motion with radiation reaction included (the Landau-Lifshitz equation). It is found that the momentum components of the electrons traversed the electromagnetic wave depend weakly on the initial values of the momenta. These electrons are mostly scattered at the small angles to the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave. The maximum Lorentz factor of the electrons crossed the electromagnetic wave is proportional to the work done by the electromagnetic field and is independent of the initial momenta. The momentum component parallel to the electric field strength vector of the electromagnetic wave is determined only by the diameter of the laser beam measured in the units of the classical electron radius. As for the reflected electrons, they for the most part lose the energy, but remain relativistic. There is a reflection law for these electrons that relates the incident and the reflection angles and is independent of any parameters.Comment: 12 pp, 3 fig

The HITRAN2020 Molecular Spectroscopic Database

The HITRAN database is a compilation of molecular spectroscopic parameters. It was established in the early 1970s and is used by various computer codes to predict and simulate the transmission and emission of light in gaseous media (with an emphasis on terrestrial and planetary atmospheres). The HITRAN compilation is composed of five major components: the line-by-line spectroscopic parameters required for high-resolution radiative-transfer codes, experimental infrared absorption cross-sections (for molecules where it is not yet feasible for representation in a line-by-line form), collision-induced absorption data, aerosol indices of refraction, and general tables (including partition sums) that apply globally to the data. This paper describes the contents of the 2020 quadrennial edition of HITRAN. The HITRAN2020 edition takes advantage of recent experimental and theoretical data that were meticulously validated, in particular, against laboratory and atmospheric spectra. The new edition replaces the previous HITRAN edition of 2016 (including its updates during the intervening years). All five components of HITRAN have undergone major updates. In particular, the extent of the updates in the HITRAN2020 edition range from updating a few lines of specific molecules to complete replacements of the lists, and also the introduction of additional isotopologues and new (to HITRAN) molecules: SO, CH3F, GeH4, CS2, CH3I and NF3. Many new vibrational bands were added, extending the spectral coverage and completeness of the line lists. Also, the accuracy of the parameters for major atmospheric absorbers has been increased substantially, often featuring sub-percent uncertainties. Broadening parameters associated with the ambient pressure of water vapor were introduced to HITRAN for the first time and are now available for several molecules. The HITRAN2020 edition continues to take advantage of the relational structure and efficient interface available at www.hitran.org and the HITRAN Application Programming Interface (HAPI). The functionality of both tools has been extended for the new edition

The HITRAN2020 molecular spectroscopic database

The HITRAN database is a compilation of molecular spectroscopic parameters. It was established in the early 1970s and is used by various computer codes to predict and simulate the transmission and emission of light in gaseous media (with an emphasis on terrestrial and planetary atmospheres). The HITRAN compilation is composed of five major components: the line-by-line spectroscopic parameters required for high-resolution radiative-transfer codes, experimental infrared absorption cross-sections (for molecules where it is not yet feasible for representation in a line-by-line form), collision-induced absorption data, aerosol indices of refraction, and general tables (including partition sums) that apply globally to the data. This paper describes the contents of the 2020 quadrennial edition of HITRAN. The HITRAN2020 edition takes advantage of recent experimental and theoretical data that were meticulously validated, in particular, against laboratory and atmospheric spectra. The new edition replaces the previous HITRAN edition of 2016 (including its updates during the intervening years). All five components of HITRAN have undergone major updates. In particular, the extent of the updates in the HITRAN2020 edition range from updating a few lines of specific molecules to complete replacements of the lists, and also the introduction of additional isotopologues and new (to HITRAN) molecules: SO, CH3F, GeH4, CS2, CH3I and NF3. Many new vibrational bands were added, extending the spectral coverage and completeness of the line lists. Also, the accuracy of the parameters for major atmospheric absorbers has been increased substantially, often featuring sub-percent uncertainties. Broadening parameters associated with the ambient pressure of water vapor were introduced to HITRAN for the first time and are now available for several molecules. The HITRAN2020 edition continues to take advantage of the relational structure and efficient interface available at www.hitran.org and the HITRAN Application Programming Interface (HAPI). The functionality of both tools has been extended for the new edition

High sensitivity Cavity Ring Down spectroscopy of 18O enriched carbon dioxide between 5850 and 7000 cm-1: I. Analysis and theoretical modeling of the 16O12C18O spectrum

International audienceThe room temperature absorption spectrum of highly 18O enriched carbon dioxide has been recorded by very high sensitivity CW-Cavity Ring Down spectroscopy between 5851 and 6990 cm-1 (1.71-1.43 μm). The achieved sensitivity (noise equivalent absorption αmin˜5×10-10-5×10-11 cm-1) has allowed the detection of more than 19,000 transitions belonging to eleven isotopologues of carbon dioxide. This first report is devoted to the analysis of the 16O12C18O data. A total of 6452 transitions belonging to 71 bands were rovibrationnally assigned on the basis of the predictions of the effective Hamiltonian model. For comparison, only twelve 16O12C18O bands were previously measured by Fourier Transform spectroscopy in the region. Line intensities of the weakest transitions are on the order of 2×10-29 cm/molecule. The studied spectral region is formed by ΔP=8, 9 and 10 series of transitions, where P=2V1+V2+3V3 is the polyad number (Vi are vibrational quantum numbers). The band-by-band analysis has allowed deriving accurate spectroscopic parameters of 69 bands from a fit of the measured line positions. A few resonance perturbations were identified. In particular, the 31112 (P=10) and 51105 (P=11) states belonging to different polyads are anharmonically coupled. The resulting intensity transfer leads to the observation of several extra lines of the 51105-01101 hot band which could be assigned

High sensitivity CW-Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy of N2O between 6950 and 7653 cm-1 (1.44-1.31 μm): II. Line intensities

International audienceThe room temperature absorption spectra of nitrous oxide, N2O, have been recorded in the 6950-7653 cm-1 spectral region at 2 and 10 Torr using a CW-CRDS spectrometer based on 24 fibered DFB lasers. The achieved sensitivity (noise equivalent absorption αmin≈5×10-11 cm-1) allowed detecting lines with intensities as low as 1×10-29 cm/molecule. In the preceding contribution (Lu Y, Mondelain D, Liu AW, Perevalov VI, Kassi S, Campargue A, J Quant Spectros and Radiat Transfer 2012;113:749-62), we reported the assignment of more than 7200 N2O lines in the region and the derivation of the corresponding spectroscopic parameters Gv, Bv, Dv and Hv. In the present work, more than 1300 14N216O absolute line intensities of cold and hot bands belonging to the ΔP=12, 13 and 14 series of transitions have been measured (P=2V1+V2+4V3 is the polyad number). The uncertainty of the obtained line intensity values varies from 4 to 7% for the majority of the lines. The obtained dataset extends importantly the set of measurements available in the literature, in particular for the ΔP =13 series for which previous data were very limited. The ΔP=12-14 effective dipole moment parameters were fitted to the intensity values measured in this work and available in the literature. The obtained sets of the dipole moment parameters allow reproducing the observed line intensities within their experimental uncertainties. The calculated intensities of the ΔP=12, 13 and 14 bands of 14N216O assigned by CRDS in the 6950-7653 cm-1 region are provided as supplementary material

Addition of the line list for carbon disulfide to the HITRAN database: line positions, intensities, and half-widths of the 12C32S2, 32S12C34S, 32S12C33S, and 13C32S2 isotopologues

A new ro-vibrational line list for the 12C32S2, 32S12C34S, 32S12C33S, and 13C32S2 isotopologues of carbon disulfide, including line positions, intensities, and linewidths, has been produced as part of the HITRAN2020 project. The carbon disulfide line list covers the range from about 0 to 6470 cm−1 (1.55 µm). The calculations of the line positions and intensities were performed by applying the PGOPHER program using a large set of measured line positions available in the literature, including the most recent high-precision dual-comb laser spectroscopy measurements and transition dipole moments for each measured band. The bands which did not have available intensity measurements were scaled to the experimental cross-sections from the PNNL database. Semi-empirical models for rotational dependence of air- and self-broadened half widths are developed based on the available experimental data. A total of 94992 transitions corresponding to 423 cold and hot bands of the 12C32S2, 32S12C34S, 32S12C33S, and 13C32S2 isotopologues up to a maximum rotational angular momentum J=150 have been calculated. The CS2 line list has been generated in HITRAN format and is provided as supplementary material and will be a part of the next edition of the HITRAN database distributed through https://www.hitran.org. This list will be useful in the fields of atmospheric environmental chemistry, medical diagnostics and planetary atmospheres