Comparing Post-Newtonian and Numerical-Relativity Precession Dynamics

Binary black-hole systems are expected to be important sources of gravitational waves for upcoming gravitational-wave detectors. If the spins are not colinear with each other or with the orbital angular momentum, these systems exhibit complicated precession dynamics that are imprinted on the gravitational waveform. We develop a new procedure to match the precession dynamics computed by post-Newtonian (PN) theory to those of numerical binary black-hole simulations in full general relativity. For numerical relativity NR) simulations lasting approximately two precession cycles, we find that the PN and NR predictions for the directions of the orbital angular momentum and the spins agree to better than $\sim 1^{\circ}$ with NR during the inspiral, increasing to $5^{\circ}$ near merger. Nutation of the orbital plane on the orbital time-scale agrees well between NR and PN, whereas nutation of the spin direction shows qualitatively different behavior in PN and NR. We also examine how the PN equations for precession and orbital-phase evolution converge with PN order, and we quantify the impact of various choices for handling partially known PN terms

Új kéntartalmú szénhidrát-származékok trypanosoma- ill. amöba-ellenes hatásának vizsgálata: szerkezet-hatás összefüggések = Testing the trypanocidal, amoebicidal activity of novel S-containing sugar derivatives: structure – activity investigations.

A Trypanosoma cruzi protozoa, a Chagas betegség kórokozója, Latin Amerikában évente 12-14 millió ember fertőzéséért felelős. A betegség kezelésére jelenleg alkalmazott szerek hatásossága nem kielégítő, különösen a betegség gyakori, krónikus formája ellen. Kísérleteket folytattunk potenciálisan tripanoszóma-ellenes vegyületek szintézisére; ennek során új, multivalens aromás glikozil-diszulfidokat és néhány diglikozil-diszulfidot állítottunk elő T.cruzi elleni tesztelés céljára. Néhány származék meglepően hatásosnak mutatkozott sejttenyészetből származó tripomasztigoták ellen: az eddig talált legaktívabb származék, az 1,4-bis(ß-D-galaktopiranozil-dithiometilén)-benzol gátlási állandója (IC50) 8.7 ±1.21 µM. Több, hasonló kémiai szerkezettel jellemzett származék is hatásosnak mutatkozott ~ 15 µM-os szinten. A tesztvegyületek citotoxikus hatását konfluens HeLa sejttenyészeteken tanulmányoztuk 18 órás inkubálást követően. Az aktív vegyületek mindegyike csekély citotoxicitást mutatott. További, igen jelentős megfigyelés, hogy az aktív származékok képesek a parazita intracelluláris proliferációját (amasztigota forma) is gátolni, amint ez a T.cruzi-val fertőzött Vero-sejtekből kibocsátott paraziták számlálása bizonyította. Véleményünk szerint ez igen figyelemre méltó eredmény, u.i. a jelenleg alkalmazott T.cruzi elleni szerek (beznidazol, nifurtimox) nem képesek a parazita intracelluláris fázisát gátolni. | Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiologic agent of Chagas disease, an endemic parasitosis in Latin America with 12–14 million people infected. Currently available drugs for treatment of this disease are unsatisfactory, particularly in its prevalent chronic form. In a search for novel chemical structures with potential trypanocidal activity we have synthesized novel aromatic multivalent glycosyl disulfides and some diglycosyl disulfides for testing against T.cruzi. Some of the tested compounds were found remarkably efficient to kill cell culture-derived trypomastigotes; 1,4-bis(ß-D-galactopyranosyl-dithiomethylene) benzene proved to be the most active derivative with an IC50 of 8.7 ±1.21 µM. Other derivatives, of similar chemical structures, were further promising candidates with low IC50 values of ~ 15 µM. The cytotoxic effects of the active and inactive compounds were evaluated after 18 h incubation with confluent HeLa cell cultures. Pleasingly, all of the active trypanocidal agents showed low cytotoxicites. Further, we observed that several of the compounds tested were also able to inhibit intracellular proliferation or parasite differentiation (amastigote form) when the number of parasites released by T.cruzi infected Vero cells was evaluated. These observations, of outstanding interest, show a remarkable effect of these compounds against the intracellular stage of T.cruzi, an activity that is missing in the currently available drugs like beznidazol and nifurtimox

Channelling study of La1−x_{1-x}Srx_xCoO3_3 films on different substrates

The cobalt oxide system LaCoO$_3$ and its Sr-doped child compounds have been intensively studied for decades due to their intriguing magnetic and electronic properties. Preparing thin La$_{1-x}$Sr$_x$CoO$_3$ (LSCO) films on different substrates allows for studies with a new type of perturbation, as the films are subject to substrate-dependent epitaxial strain. By choosing a proper substrate for a thin film grow, not only compressing but also tensile strain can be applied. The consequences for the fundamental physical properties are dramatic: while compressed films are metallic, as the bulk material, films under tensile strain become insulating. The goal of this work is to determine the strain tensor in LSCO films prepared on LaAlO$_3$ and SrTiO$_3$ substrates by pulsed laser deposition using RBS/channelling methods. Apart from the composition and defect structure of the samples, the depth dependence of the strain tensor, the cell parameters, and the volume of the unit cell are also determined. Asymmetric behaviour of the strained cell parameters is found on both substrates. This asymmetry is rather weak in the case of LSCO film grown on LaAlO$_3$, while stronger on SrTiO$_3$ substrate. The strain is more effective at the interface, some relaxation can be observed near to the surface

A Numerical Relativity Waveform Surrogate Model for Generically Precessing Binary Black Hole Mergers

A generic, non-eccentric binary black hole (BBH) system emits gravitational waves (GWs) that are completely described by 7 intrinsic parameters: the black hole spin vectors and the ratio of their masses. Simulating a BBH coalescence by solving Einstein's equations numerically is computationally expensive, requiring days to months of computing resources for a single set of parameter values. Since theoretical predictions of the GWs are often needed for many different source parameters, a fast and accurate model is essential. We present the first surrogate model for GWs from the coalescence of BBHs including all $7$ dimensions of the intrinsic non-eccentric parameter space. The surrogate model, which we call NRSur7dq2, is built from the results of $744$ numerical relativity simulations. NRSur7dq2 covers spin magnitudes up to $0.8$ and mass ratios up to $2$, includes all $\ell \leq 4$ modes, begins about $20$ orbits before merger, and can be evaluated in $\sim~50\,\mathrm{ms}$. We find the largest NRSur7dq2 errors to be comparable to the largest errors in the numerical relativity simulations, and more than an order of magnitude smaller than the errors of other waveform models. Our model, and more broadly the methods developed here, will enable studies that would otherwise require millions of numerical relativity waveforms, such as parameter inference and tests of general relativity with GW observations.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures; Added report numbe

Thio- and selenoglycosides as ligands for biomedically relevant lectins: Valency-activity correlations for benzene-based dithiogalactoside clusters and first assessment for (di)selenodigalactosides

K

Three-Coordinate Copper(I) Amido and Aminyl Radical Complexes

Electron transfer (ET) through proteins often utilizes copper-containing active sites as efficient one-electron relays. The type-1 active sites of the blue copper proteins are prominent examples. It is generally thought that high ET rates through type-1 redox sites occur because the protein environments enforce unusual trigonally distorted coordination spheres to allow for minimal structural reorganization during ET. Though large Cu^II/Cu^I self-exchange ET rate constants (kS) in the range observed for type-1 sites have been achieved in certain synthetic monocopper systems using geometries distinct from trigonal environments, ET studies have yet to be conducted in a synthetic system featuring isolated, trigonally disposed copper centers. The simplest such systems would contain a trigonal planar geometry. Here we report the structural characterization of a trigonal planar system featuring formally Cu^II and Cu^I amido complexes related by a reversible one-electron redox event. We find in this system that ET is extremely rapid and is accompanied by a small degree of structural reorganization during redox. We propose that this structural rigidity in the absence of secondary coordination sphere effects results from significant covalency of the copper-amide linkages. In fact, a CuI-aminyl radical description of the formally Cu^II-amide complex may be most appropriate

Tailoring Fe/Ag Superparamagnetic Composites by Multilayer Deposition

The magnetic properties of Fe/Ag granular multilayers were examined by SQUID magnetization and Mossbauer spectroscopy measurements. Very thin (0.2 nm) discontinuous Fe layers show superparamagnetic properties that can be tailored by the thickness of both the magnetic and the spacer layers. The role of magnetic interactions was studied in novel heterostructures of superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic layers and the specific contribution of the ferromagnetic layers to the low field magnetic susceptibility was identified.Comment: 5 pages and 3 figure