Generalized trust and diversity in the classroom: A longitudinal study of Romanian adolescents

Generalized trust, the faith we place in strangers, is a fundamental attribute of democratic societies. We investigate the development of generalized trust using data collected from Romanian high school students within a multi-level, panel research design. We find that diversity in the classroom, defined through ethnic and socio-economic differences, has negative effects on generalized trust. Associational membership interacts indirectly with diversity, counteracting the negative impact of ethnic diversity but reinforcing socio-economic distinctions. The findings support cultural theories of generalized trust and point to the potentially positive role educational policy might play in encouraging trust among youths

Does inequality erode cooperation in the classroom? Evidence from PISA 2015

We consider the relationship between SES equality and cooperation among high school students. We find that inequality decreases the acquisition of cooperation skills, a key ingredient to sustained democracy. Generalized trust and political equality counteract this effect independently. Further, trust and political equality moderate the influence of inequality, reaffirming the importance of education to democratic citizenship

New method for the deposition of nickel oxide in porous scaffolds for electrodes in solid oxide fuel cells and electrolyzers

A simple chemical bath deposition is used to coat a complex porous ceramic scaffold with a conformal nickel layer. The resulting composite is used as a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell electrode and its electrochemical response is measured in humidified hydrogen. X-Ray tomography is used to determine microstructural parameters of the uncoated and Ni-coated porous structure, among other, the surface area to total volume, the radial pore size and size of the necks between pores

Antipsychotic treatments for the elderly: efficacy and safety of aripiprazole

Delusions, hallucinations and other psychotic symptoms can accompany a number of conditions in late life. As such, elderly patients are commonly prescribed antipsychotic medications for the treatment of psychosis in both acute and chronic conditions. Those conditions include schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression and dementia. Elderly patients are at an increased risk of adverse events from antipsychotic medications because of age-related pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic changes as well as polypharmacy. Drug selection should be individualized to the patient’s previous history of antipsychotic use, current medical conditions, potential drug interactions, and potential side effects of the antipsychotic. Specifically, metabolic side effects should be closely monitored in this population. This paper provides a review of aripiprazole, a newer second generation antipsychotic agent, for its use in a variety of psychiatric disorders in the elderly including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, dementia, Parkinson’s disease and depression. We will review the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of aripiprazole as well as dosing, diagnostic indications, efficacy studies, and tolerability including its metabolic profile. We will also detail patient focused perspectives including quality of life, patient satisfaction and adherence

Influence of a caffeine mouth rinse on sprint cycling following glycogen depletion

Attenuated performance during intense exercise with limited endogenous carbohydrate (CHO) is well documented. Therefore, this study examined whether caffeine (CAF) mouth rinsing would augment performance during repeated sprint cycling in participants with reduced endogenous CHO. Eight recreationally active males (aged 23 ± 2 yr, body mass 84 ± 4 kg, stature 178 ± 7 cm) participated in this randomized, single-blind, repeated-measures crossover investigation. Following familiarization, participants attended two separate evening glycogen depletion sessions. The following morning, participants completed five, 6 s sprints on a cycle ergometer (separated by 24 s active recovery), with mouth rinsing either 1) a placebo solution or 2) a 2% caffeine solution. During a fifth visit, participants completed the sprints without prior glycogen depletion. Repeated measures ANOVA identified significant main effect of condition (CAF, placebo, and control [P<0.05; ES=0.850-0.897]), sprint (1-5 [P<0.005; ES=0.871-0.986]), and interaction (condition x sprint [P<0.05; ES=0.831-0.846]), for peak and mean power. The control condition exhibited the highest peak power (overall mean 760 ± 77 W) and mean power (overall mean 699 ± 83W) over the five sprints (P<0.001 in both instances). CAF peak power (overall mean 643 ± 79 W) was significantly greater than placebo (mean 573 ± 79 W [P<0.05; ES=0.850]). Additionally, CAF mean power (overall mean 589 ± 80 W) was significantly greater than placebo (519 ± 82 W [P<0.05; ES=0.397]). These data indicate that mouth rinsing a caffeinated solution reduces decrements caused by CHO reduction, which may benefit athletes wishing to train in a low-CHO state

The influence of acetaminophen on sprint interval treadmill running: a randomized crossover trial

Although considerable research concerning the efficacy of analgesics in sport exists, there is a paucity of data concerning effects of acute acetaminophen (ACT) ingestion on sprint interval running exercise. This investigation concerned the effect of acute ACT ingestion on eight 30 s maximal treadmill sprints on a non-motorized treadmill, interspersed with two minutes rest in males (n=8, age 26±3 years, height 174±7 cm, mass 71±8 kg) in a placebo-controlled, randomized crossover design. A time x condition repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) determined ACT ingestion did not influence mean power output, peak power output, peak vertical ground reaction force, peak oxygen uptake, or total distance completed (p>.05). Perceived pain was reduced by 8-15% during the final three sprints following ACT ingestion (p<.05). Data presented here suggest ACT may reduce exercise-induced pain during the latter stages of sprint interval treadmill running, without influencing performance

Estetika Wira Melayu Dalam Cerita Rakyat Hang Perkasa

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Estetika Wira Melayu serta nilai-nilai yang terdapat dalam cerita rakyat Melayu Hang Perkasa karya Afrizal Cik. Cerita ini sekarang hampir tidak dikenal oleh Masyarakat Melayu Sendiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan studi pustaka sebagai pengambilan data utamanya dan pendekatan hermeneutik sebagai teknik analisisnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cerita Hang Perkasa memiliki beberapa nilai kewiraan seperti keberanian, keteguhan hati, kemurahan hati, kekuatan jasmani dan batin, serta memiliki kharism

Poverty Amid Renewed Affluence: The Poor of New England at Mid-Decade

This article examines the problem of poverty in New England during the current period of economic prosperity. Major trends in the size and composition of the poor population within the region are analyzed. Striking changes in the relative incidence of poverty have occurred among families in New England. As the economy has moved toward full employment, poverty rates among husband-wife families in the region have fallen sharply. In contrast, female-headed families in New England have not benefited substantially from recent rapid increases in employment opportunities. The result has been a persistent trend toward the feminization of poverty in New England. The bulk of poor female family heads are of working age and could potentially be brought into the region\u27s work force. However, education and training services that can successfully attack fundamental barriers to labor force participation must be delivered to these women. Programs designed to overcome low levels of educational attainment and deficient basic skills must be combined with child care and other social services in order to further reduce overall poverty rates across the New England region