The association between Toll-like receptor 2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and hepatocellular carcinoma susceptibility

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Toll-like receptors (TLR) are key innate immunity receptors participating in an immune response. Growing evidence suggests that mutations of TLR2/TLR9 gene are associated with the progress of cancers. The present study aimed to investigate the temporal relationship of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of TLR2/TLR9 and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In this single center-based case-control study, SNaPshot method was used to genotype sequence variants of TLR2 and TLR9 in 211 patients with HCC and 232 subjects as controls.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Two synonymous SNPs in the exon of TLR2 were closely associated with risk of HCC. Compared with those carrying wild-type homozygous genotypes (T/T), risk of HCC decreased significantly in individuals carrying the heterozygous genotypes (C/T) of the rs3804099 (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 0.493, 95% CI 0.331 - 0.736, <it>P </it>< 0.01) and rs3804100 (adjusted OR, 0.509, 95% CI 0.342 - 0.759, <it>P </it>< 0.01). There was no significant association found in two TLR9 SNPs concerning the risk of HCC. The haplotype TT for TLR2 was associated significantly with the decreased risk of HCC (OR 0.524, 95% CI 0.394 - 0.697, <it>P </it>= 0.000). Inversely, the risk of HCC increased significantly in patients with the haplotype CC (OR 2.743, 95% CI 1.915 - 3.930, <it>P </it>= 0.000).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>These results suggested that TLR2 rs3804099 C/T and rs3804100 C/T polymorphisms were closely associated with HCC. In addition, the haplotypes composed of these two TLR2 synonymous SNPs have stronger effects on the susceptibility of HCC.</p

Valores de referencia de β-Glucosidasa y Quitotriosidasa en gotas de sangre seca de lactantes venezolanos

La enfermedad de Gaucher es un trastorno de herencia autosómica recesiva y la enfermedad de depósito lisosomal más frecuente causada por deficiencia de la actividad enzimática de la β-Glucosidasa. Objetivo: establecer valores de referencia de actividad enzimática lisosomal de β-glucosidasa y quitotriosidasa en lactantes en población venezolana. Método: se realizó un estudio prospectivo y transversal en 98 lactantes sanos con edades comprendidas entre 1 mes y 24 meses, de ambos sexos (48 femeninos y 50 masculinos). La actividad enzimática de β-glucosidasa y quitotriosidasa fue determinada en gotas de sangre seca (siglas en inglés, dBs) siguiendo el protocolo propuesto por Chamoles y col. El análisis estadístico de los datos se realizó con el programa estadístico sPss statistics 17.0 para Windows. Resultados: el rango de actividad enzimática para la β-Glucosidasa obtenido en esta investigación fue 2,3 – 12 nmol/ml/h, con una media de 6,7 ± 2,5 y para la quitotriosidasa 0 - 44,2 nmol/ml/h con una media de 18,4 ± 10,4 nmol/ml/h, utilizando discos de papel de filtro de 3mm de diámetro con sangre seca (aproximadamente 3,6 µl de sangre). Conclusión: los valores de referencia de actividad enzimática lisosomal en dBs para β-glucosidasa y quitotriosidasa son establecidos por vez primera en lactantes sanos venezolanos; no obstante, estos resultados difieren con los reportados en estudios internacionales, recomendándose la determinación de valores de referencias autóctonos en diferentes grupos etarios. Gaucher´s disease is an autosomal recessive disorder and the most common lysosomal storage disease caused by deficiency of βglucosidase enzyme activity. Objetive: to establish reference values for lysosomal enzyme activity of β-glucosidase and chitotriosidase in venezuelan infants. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in 98 healthy infants with ages ranging from 1 month to 24 months (48 females and 50 males). enzymatic activity of β-glucosidase and chitotriosidase were determined in dried blood spots (dBs) following the protocol by chamoles et al. statistical analysis of data was performed with software sPss 17.0 for Windows statistics. Results: the range of enzymatic activity for β-glucosidase was 2.3 to 12 nmol/ml/h, with an average of 6.7 ± 2.5. Chitotriosidase activity was from 0 to 44.2 nmol/ml/h with an average of 18.4 ± 10.4 using 3mm diameter discs of filter paper with dried blood (approximately 3.6 µl of blood). Conclusions: the reference values of lysosomal enzyme activity in DBS for β-Glucosidase and quitotriosidase were established for the first time in healthy venezuelan infants; however, these results differ from those reported in international studies, for which reason autochthonous reference values should be determined in different age groups