61. Primary ophthalmic care patterns and training of University of Ottawa residentss

This study assessed whether residents are equipped to perform recommended standards of ophthalmic primary care and determined if the findings reflect the adequacy of their undergraduate and postgraduate teaching in ophthalmology. Information was collected using web based online questionnaire that was completed by residents in the residency program at the University of Ottawa. Data was extracted and analyzed using Epi Info software. One hundred and sixteen residents (17% capture rate) in all years of training completed the online questionnaire. Majority of the residents were not familiar with the different vision screening guidelines, less so with the Canadian (63 – 97%) than the American guidelines (91 – 94%). This was reflected in their referral patterns and mixed results of ophthalmic knowledge assessments. Only 21% of respondents were highly confident or confident in dealing with patients with eye problems. However, most were confident in history taking, visual acuity assessment and examination, but less so with ophthalmoscopy and intraocular pressure measurements. The duration of undergraduate ophthalmic clerkship was at least one week in most of the institutions. However, about one third of the residents surveyed did not have any ophthalmology clerkship in medical school. Only 33% felt that their clerkship was adequate and about the same proportion felt that they received adequate ophthalmic exposure of relevance to their current practice. About 90% of the residents have not attended an update course in ophthalmology. Over 75% of the residents thought that a continuing education program in Ophthalmology would be useful and would be interested in attending such a program in the future. Opportunities exist to address these inadequacies to better prepare residents for clinical practice. These include improvements in undergraduate ophthalmic education, inclusion of ophthalmology electives in residency training programs and the development of a continuing education program in ophthalmology for primary eye care physicians. US Preventive Services Task Force: Screening for visual impairment in Children younger than five years: recommendation statement. American Family Physician 2005; 71(2): 333-340. Feightner JW. Routine preschool screening for visual and hearing problems. In: Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination. Canadian guide to clinical preventive health care. Ottawa: Health Canada, 1994:298-304. Bellan L. Ophthalmology undergraduate education in Canada. Can J Ophthalmol. 1998; 33(1):3 – 7

Evaluation of in-cylinder endoscopic two-colour soot pyrometry of diesel combustion

Flame temperature and soot concentration imaging was performed using endoscopic two-colour (2C) soot pyrometry to investigate the characteristics of in-cylinder diesel engine combustion processes and pro- vide validation data for engine simulation and design. To appropriately interpret the 2C image results, this paper focuses on the uncertainty and challenges of the technique, the line-of-sight nature of the measurement and presents comparable information for validation exercises. A line-of-sight flame light intensity model was created to explore how the temperature T and soot concentration KL measured by the 2C technique can relate to non-uniform flame temperature and soot distributions. It was found that T and KL measured from the 2C technique were likely to relate differently to the actual distribution de- pending on where in the flame the measurement was taken and on assumptions made about the flame spatial structure. Assessment has been made of the range of the maximum and minimum flame temperatures (assumed to correspond to reaction zone temperature and flame centreline, respectively) that are consistent with measured temperature T and soot concentration KL . The analysis of uncertainties, flame temperature and soot distribution along the line-of-sight, and image averaging allows for better quantitative comparison of 2C soot pyrometry images to CFD simulation, which increases confidence in simulation-driven engine development

Evaluation of in-cylinder endoscopic two-colour soot pyrometry of diesel combustion

Flame temperature and soot concentration imaging was performed using endoscopic two-colour (2C) soot pyrometry to investigate the characteristics of in-cylinder diesel engine combustion processes and provide validation data for engine simulation and design. To appropriately interpret the 2C image results, this paper focuses on the uncertainty and challenges of the technique, the line-of-sight nature of the measurement and presents comparable information for validation exercises. A line-of-sight flame light intensity model was created to explore how the temperature T and soot concentration KL measured by the 2C technique can relate to non-uniform flame temperature and soot distributions. It was found that T and KL measured from the 2C technique were likely to relate differently to the actual distribution depending on where in the flame the measurement was taken and on assumptions made about the flame spatial structure. Assessment has been made of the range of the maximum and minimum flame temperatures (assumed to correspond to reaction zone temperature and flame centreline respectively) that are consistent with measured temperature T and soot concentration KL. The analysis of uncertainties, flame temperature and soot distribution along the line-of-sight, and image averaging allows for better quantitative comparison of 2C soot pyrometry images to CFD simulation, which increases confidence in simulation-driven engine development