Some universal limits for nonhomogeneous birth and death processes

In this paper we consider nonhomogeneous birth and death processes (BDP) with periodic rates. Two important parameters are studied, which are helpful to describe a nonhomogeneous BDP X = X(t), t≥ 0: the limiting mean value (namely, the mean length of the queue at a given time t) and the double mean (i.e. the mean length of the queue for the whole duration of the BDP). We find conditions of existence of the means and determine bounds for their values, involving also the truncated BDP XN. Finally we present some examples where these bounds are used in order to approximate the double mean

Designing a Model of Professional Development of the Future Teacher-defectologist in the Context of Informatization of Education

В статье представлено описание авторской модели профессионального становления будущего педагога-дефектолога в условиях информатизации образования, которая определяет ориентиры его профессионально-личностного развития на этапе обучения в вузе.The article presents a de-scription of the model of professional development of the future teacher-defectologist under the conditions of informatization of education, which determines the guidelines for their professional and personal development at the stage of university education

Bridging The Gap Between Academia and Practice: A case study for collaborative digital design to fabrication workflow for interlocking kit-of-parts

The implementation of digital design workflows is an opportunity to facilitate the knowledge exchange between the industry and research, required in the face of the climate emergency. This paper presents outcomes of a series of digital design to fabrication workshops, resulting in three-party collaboration between an international architectural design firm, a university, and a global food producer. The paper presents an initial step towards an integrated material system based on an abundantly available industrial by-product of sugar manufacturing. The idea of topological interlocking has been used as a concept to define components-based system for the novel material, tested in a scaled prototype with university students

Environmental monitoring of natural waters in Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories

The environmental monitoring of natural waters in Krasnodar (Uspensky and Novokubansky districts) and Stavropol (Kochubeyevsky District) Territories was conducted. In the course of study, various elements and compounds harmful to animals and humans, which exceed maximum permissible concentrations, were identified

Нарушения в системе иммунитета после перенесенной новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19

During the pandemic, a large number of works devoted to COVID infection have appeared, which have made it possible to understand the pathogenetic features of the disease and to accumulate significant clinical experience. However, the question remains about the degree of participation of humoral and cellular (primarily T-cell) immunity in the mechanisms of immune defense and resistance to COVID-19, the individual features of the immune response in different subjects. Post-COVID syndrome is currently a separate diagnosis included in the ICD-10 International Classification of Diseases, but the long-term effects of the SARS-CoV-2 on the immune system are not yet well established. At the same time, a long-term increased activity of the immune system can contribute to the development of autoimmune reactions. The review of the literature presents the results of studies, mainly devoted to immune system disorders after COVID infection. The changes in subpopulations of T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, their functional properties, the complement system and other factors of humoral immunity, as well as the production of a number of cytokines are described. Data on immune disorders in post-COVID syndrome and during the convalescence period are presented in detail. Since COVID-19 is an infection that has a significant impact on the hematopoietic system and hemostasis, special attention is paid to the category of subjects with an increased risk of severe complications. Among the latter are elderly patients, persons suffering from diabetes mellitus, oncological and oncohematological patients, in particular, with hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue neoplasia, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma. The review pays special attention to the peculiarities of the course of COVID-19 and the response of the immune system to vaccination in patients with oncohematological diseases. Deciphering the significance of individual links of cellular and humoral immunity in patients who have undergone COVID-19 is an important issue in creating effective vaccines and improving therapeutic methods.За время пандемии появилось большое число работ, посвященных COVID-инфекции, позволивших достаточно глубоко понять патогенетические особенности течения заболевания, накопить значительный клинический опыт. Однако остаётся открытым вопрос о степени участия гуморального и клеточного (прежде всего, Т-клеточного звена) иммунитета в механизмах иммунной защиты и невосприимчивости к инфицированию вирусом, особенностях иммунного ответа отдельных лиц. Постковидный синдром в настоящее время является самостоятельным диагнозом и включен в Международную классификацию болезней МКБ-10, но отдаленные последствия воздействия вируса SARS-CoV-2 на иммунную систему еще недостаточно хорошо установлены. При этом длительно поддерживаемая повышенная активность иммунной системы может способствовать развитию аутоиммунных реакций и осложнений. В обзоре литературы приводятся результаты исследований, главным образом, посвященных проблемам нарушений в системе иммунитета после перенесенной инфекции COVID. Описаны особенности изменений в субпопуляциях Т-лимфоцитов, В-лимфоцитов, их функциональных свойств, системы комплемента и других факторов гуморального иммунитета, а также продукции ряда ключевых цитокинов. Подробно представлены данные об иммунологических нарушениях при постковидном синдроме и в периоде реконвалесценции. Так как COVID-19 является инфекцией, оказывающей значительное влияние на кроветворную систему и гемостаз, то особое внимание уделяется категории лиц с повышенным риском развития тяжелых осложнений. В числе последних – пожилые больные, пациенты, страдающие сахарным диабетом, онкологическими и онкогематологическими заболеваниями, в особенности опухолевыми заболеваниями кроветворной и лимфоидной тканей, такими как хронический лимфолейкоз, лимфома, множественная миелома. В обзоре уделено отдельное внимание особенностям течения COVID-19 и реакции иммунной системы на вакцинацию у пациентов с онкогематологическими заболеваниями. Расшифровка значимости отдельных звеньев клеточного и гуморального иммунитета у пациентов, перенесших COVID-19, является важным вопросом при создании эффективных вакцин и совершенствовании методов терапии

Information-educational environment of a university as a resource for professional training of a teacher-defectologist

В статье рассматриваются ресурсы и возможности информационной образовательной среды в процессе профессиональной подготовки педагога-дефектолога.The purpose of the research was to study the resources and opportunities of the digital educational environment in the process of professional training of a teacher-defectologist

Clinical and morphological features of salmonellosis in cows and calves affected by heat stress

Exposure to abnormally high temperatures in the Middle Urals has ledtochronic heat stress in cattle. Despitethe measures taken toprotect thedairy herdfrom overheating (fans, irrigationwith coolwater, livestocksunshades), the heatstressunderminedtheimmunityofanimals, thus, leadingtoan excessiverisein Salmonella population in the gastrointestinal tract, increasedin test in alpermeability, and could also bethecause of increasedvirulence of such serotypes as – Salmonella choleraesuis, that are not typical for cattle. The simultaneous presenceof twopathogensof Salmonella entericasubsp. entericaspecies: i.e. Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella choleraesuis – causeda number of clinical and morphological changesin adultcows. In cows, the infection manifested itself by persistent diarrhea with mucus, reduced milkproduction and intoxication. In calves, the disease was accompanied by septic signs, severein toxication, hyperthermia (40.5–41.0 °C), severed ehydration (morethan 7%) and death. Histopathological examination of bovineparenchymal organs revealed changes typical for salmonellos is pathological process: specific salmonella granulomas were foundin parenchymalorgans (liver, spleen). Some pathological processestypical for sepsiswere foundin other parenchymalorgans (kidneys, heart). The nature of pathological changes in dicates that there is as epticprocess that spreads both hematogenically and lymphogenically, and the structure of granulomas most likely indicates that such apathogen as Salmonelacholeraesuis circulates in cattle

Impact of transfusion of blood components on the recipient immune system

Transfusions of blood provide essential therapeutic measures in a number of pathological conditions. However, when carrying out blood component therapy, it is important to consider probability of post-transfusion complications. Most of them are immune-mediated side effects. The unfavorable consequences of blood transfusions can manifest at long-range time periods, and pathogenesis of these phenomena may be associated not only with the presence of alloantibodies. They may be caused by alloimmunization to HLA antigens, leukocyte factors, including cytokines, products of leukocyte degranulation, as well as storage-related erythrocyte damage («storage lesion»), immunomodulatory properties of extracellular vesicles or microparticles derived from blood components, and other factors. Despite significant number of publications on this issue, a lot of unresolved issues still remain, concerning transfusion-related effects of blood components on the immune system of recipients. The review article provides the results of current studies in this area. We present and discuss the results of current studies and the features of transfusion-mediated immunomodulation (TRIM) revealed over recent years, when transfusing different blood components. The role of plasma factors, microparticles, platelets and erythrocytes, HLA sensitization and microchimerism in the development of TRIM is highlighted, the data on occurrence and clinical features of TRIM in perioperative period are presented. A separate section of the review provides information about recent clinical studies, devoted to the issues of TRIM in different clinical cohorts, including newborns, patients with malignant neoplasms, immunocompromised patients after heart and vascular surgery. The data on TRIM incidence in the patients with exhausted immune system due to previous disease or treatment, severe comorbidity, extensive surgical thoracic/abdominal intervention and artificial circulation are also in scope. As based on the studies performed, the role of distinct measures, e.g., washing of erythrocyte concentrates, leukodepletion, and gamma irradiation are discussed in view of potential TRIM prevention. The results of published research do not allow us to draw definite conclusions about the effects of blood component transfusion on the immune system of recipients with respect to differences between the studied groups of patients, characteristics of the studied disorders and clinical situations, diversity of hemocomponents, as well as varying standards of transfusion therapy adopted in different countries. However, the systematic literature review may provide some guidance in transfusion-mediated immune modulation

The cellular location of proteolytic enzymes of Bacillus intermedius

The activities of proteinases in the culture fluid and cellular fractions of Bacillus intermedius 3-19 grown under various conditions were studied. Thiol-dependent serine proteinase was the prevalent enzyme in the total pool of extracellular proteinases (70%); its catalytically active form was also detected in the cell membrane and, during active enzyme production, in the cell wall. Another enzyme, glutamyl endopeptidase (10% of the total pool), was detected in the cell membrane; it was also found in the cell wall and cytoplasm during active enzyme secretion into the growth medium. The production of these enzymes was maximal on medium containing inorganic phosphate and gelatin and decreased 2- to 4-fold on medium with glucose and lactate. The level of activity of extracellular enzymes correlated with that of corresponding membrane-bound proteins. The addition of CoCl2 (2 mM) into the medium caused an essential increase in extracellular glutamyl endopeptidase activity and promoted the release of the membrane-bound enzyme into the culture fluid. Proteolytic activity towards casein was also detected in the cytoplasm. The proteinases localized in the cytoplasm were shown to differ in their properties from those secreted. © 2000 MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica"