53 research outputs found

    Influence of photon energy on the efficiency of photochemotherapy

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    It is found that when indotricarbocyanine dye in HeLa cells is exposed to photons with different energies the efficiency of cell damage is wavelength independent provided the photosensitizer absorbs the same number of photons per unit time. In vivo animal experiments with two strains of tumor show that when the wavelength of the irradiating light is increased (668, 740, and 780 nm) and the number of photons absorbed per unit time per unit volume of the tumors is held constant, the damage depth increases by a factor of 1.5 and 3, respectively. The observed changes are related both to differences in the in vivo tissue optical transmission with increasing wavelength and an increased local concentration of oxygen owing to photodissociation of oxy-hemoglobin

    Influence of photon energy on the efficiency of photochemotherapy

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    It is found that when indotricarbocyanine dye in HeLa cells is exposed to photons with different energies the efficiency of cell damage is wavelength independent provided the photosensitizer absorbs the same number of photons per unit time. In vivo animal experiments with two strains of tumor show that when the wavelength of the irradiating light is increased (668, 740, and 780 nm) and the number of photons absorbed per unit time per unit volume of the tumors is held constant, the damage depth increases by a factor of 1.5 and 3, respectively. The observed changes are related both to differences in the in vivo tissue optical transmission with increasing wavelength and an increased local concentration of oxygen owing to photodissociation of oxy-hemoglobin

    Fluorescence of a photosensitizer based on an indotricarbocyanine dye in photochemotherapy

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    We present the results for studies of the spectral luminescence properties of a symmetric indotricarbocyanine dye (PD1) in HeLa tumor cells and animal tissues in vivo during a photochemotherapy session and after the end of the session. We have established that when the dye is exposed to light in tumor tissues, changes occur in the position and half-width of the dye fluorescence spectra, while in a culture of HeLa cells its spectral characteristics are constant. Based on analysis of the effect of overlap between the absorption spectra of endogenous biomolecules and the fluorescence spectra of the dye plus comparison of the experimental data with numerical modeling results, we have concluded that the observed changes in the fluorescence spectra of PD1 in vivo are due to a change in the ratio of the different forms of hemoglobin in the tumor tissue. We have shown that the spectral characteristics of PD1, fluorescing in the near IR range, correlate with the depth of tumor tissue necrosis achieved on exposure to light. We have established that tumor tissue necrosis occurs down to a depth of 2 cm in the case of all strains studied: S-45, SM-1, and W-256, where as a result of exposure to light, we observe an increase in the half-width and a short-wavelength shift of the fluorescence spectrum of the dye PD1, and also the intensity of its fluorescence does not recover

    The effect of hypoxia on photocytotoxicity of tics tricaebocyanine dye in vitro

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    To evaluate the effect of cell oxygenation on photocytotoxicity of a novel tricarbocyanine indolenine dye covalently bound to glucose (TICS). Methods: HeLa cells were incubated with 5 µM TICS, 2 h later irradiated by laser at 740 nm with a light dose of 10 J/cm2, delivered at a power density of 10, 20, 25 or 30 mW/cm2, in air or in argon atmosphere, and then scored for viability. Results: The photocytotoxicity of TICS increased dramatically as the power density was reduced. Under hypoxia TICS-photosensitized cell death was determined but its value was lowered, compared to photoirradiation in the air. Conclusion: Photosensitizing effect of TICS is only partially dependent on the oxygenation of tumor cells

    МИНИМИЗАЦИЯ АБЕРРАЦИЙ ДЛЯ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК СВЕТОСИЛЬНЫХ КОМПАКТНЫХ ДИСПЕРСИОННЫХ СПЕКТРОМЕТРОВ

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    Schemes of high-aperture and compact optical spectrometers and giperspectrometer with minimized aberrations are presented. In the first scheme usage of inclined plane-parallel plate allows decreasing of astigmatism. In the second scheme off-axis aberrations are practically removed due to axial propagation of light. For giperspectrometer narrowing of light propagation angle through the object lens and turning the light out of dispersion plane lead to minimizing of picture aberrations.Предложены схемы светосильных компактных спектрометров и гиперспектрометра с минимизированными аберрациями. В первой схеме за счет использования наклонной плоскопараллельной пластинки уменьшен астигматизм. Во второй благодаря осевому прохождению светового пучка внеосевые аберрации практически устранены. В схеме гиперспектрометра аберрационные искажения изображения минимизированы за счет уменьшения углов прохождения светового пучка через объективы и вывода его из плоскости дисперсии

    ФЛУОРЕСЦЕНТНАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА КАРИЕСА ЗУБОВ

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    The results obtained in studies of laser-induced fluorescence of the normal and carries-affected dental tissues are presented. The possibility of detection of considerable depth caries with use of the specially designed spectrometric system with excitation by a semiconductor laser source with a wavelength of 684 nm for fluorescence is shown.Приведены результаты исследований лазерно-возбуждаемой флуоресценции тканей зубов в норме и пораженных кариесом. Показано, что при использовании для возбуждения флуоресценции разработанного спектрометрического комплекса с возбуждением полупроводниковым лазерным источником с длиной волны 684 нм возможно детектирование глубоко расположенного кариеса

    Overview: Recent advances in the understanding of the northern Eurasian environments and of the urban air quality in China – a Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) programme perspective

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    The Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) Science Plan, released in 2015, addressed a need for a holistic system understanding and outlined the most urgent research needs for the rapidly changing Arctic-boreal region. Air quality in China, together with the long-range transport of atmospheric pollutants, was also indicated as one of the most crucial topics of the research agenda. These two geographical regions, the northern Eurasian Arctic-boreal region and China, especially the megacities in China, were identified as a “PEEX region”. It is also important to recognize that the PEEX geographical region is an area where science-based policy actions would have significant impacts on the global climate. This paper summarizes results obtained during the last 5 years in the northern Eurasian region, together with recent observations of the air quality in the urban environments in China, in the context of the PEEX programme. The main regions of interest are the Russian Arctic, northern Eurasian boreal forests (Siberia) and peatlands, and the megacities in China. We frame our analysis against research themes introduced in the PEEX Science Plan in 2015. We summarize recent progress towards an enhanced holistic understanding of the land–atmosphere–ocean systems feedbacks. We conclude that although the scientific knowledge in these regions has increased, the new results are in many cases insufficient, and there are still gaps in our understanding of large-scale climate–Earth surface interactions and feedbacks. This arises from limitations in research infrastructures, especially the lack of coordinated, continuous and comprehensive in situ observations of the study region as well as integrative data analyses, hindering a comprehensive system analysis. The fast-changing environment and ecosystem changes driven by climate change, socio-economic activities like the China Silk Road Initiative, and the global trends like urbanization further complicate such analyses. We recognize new topics with an increasing importance in the near future, especially “the enhancing biological sequestration capacity of greenhouse gases into forests and soils to mitigate climate change” and the “socio-economic development to tackle air quality issues”

    Спектральные свойства индотрикарбоцианинового красителя в тканях экспериментальных животных

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    The paper presents the results of studies of the spectral properties of a photosensitizer based on indotricarbocyanine dye when accumulating in tissues of experimental animals. Using laser fluorescence spectroscopy, the in vivo and ex vivo fluorescence spectra of tissue-localized indotricarbocyanine dye were obtained for different time counts after intravenous administration. The profile of the pharmacokinetics of its accumulation and withdrawal was determined from the change in the intensity of fluorescence in the tumor and healthy muscle tissues of the photosensitizer. A monotonic deformation of its fluorescence spectrum was revealed in the tissues of tumor nodes and muscles of the thigh when registered through the skin over time after intravenous administration. The achievement of the maximum accumulation of the photosensitizer in the tumor correlates with the stabilization of the shape of its in vivo fluorescence spectrum. Thus, the maximum shift can be used as a diagnostic indicator of the maximum accumulation of indotricarbocyanine photosensitizer in the tumor tissues. The results were confirmed for two groups of animals: the first one – black mice of the C57Bl/6 line with an inoculated tumor of Clone M3 melanoma, the second – white mice of the ICR line with an inoculated tumor of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. The analysis of the shape of the fluorescence spectrum of the photosensitizer during registration through the skin for animals with different colors has been carried out.В работе приведены результаты исследований спектральных свойств фотосенсибилизатора на основе индотрикарбоцианинового красителя при накоплении в тканях экспериментальных животных. С помощью лазерной флуоресцентной спектроскопии получены спектры флуоресценции in vivo и ex vivo локализованного в тканях индотрикарбоцианинового красителя для разных временных отсчетов после внутривенного введения. По изменению интенсивности флуоресценции в опухолевой и здоровой мышечной тканях фотосенсибилизатора определен профиль фармакокинетики его накопления и вывода. Выявлена монотонная деформация его спектра флуоресценции в тканях опухолевых узлов и мышц бедра при регистрации через кожу с течением времени после внутривенного введения. Достижение максимального накопления фотосенсибилизатора в опухолевом узле коррелирует со стабилизацией формы его спектра флуоресценции in vivo. При этом смещение максимума может использоваться в качестве диагностического индикатора максимального накопления индотрикарбоцианинового фотосенсибилизатора в тканях опухолевых узлов. Результаты подтверждены для двух групп животных: первая – черные мыши линии C57Bl/6 с перевитой опухолью меланомы Clone M3, вторая – белые мыши линии ICR с перевитой опухолью асцитной карциномы Эрлиха. Проведен анализ формы спектра флуоресценции фотосенсибилизатора при регистрации через кожу для животных с разной окраской

    ОПТИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА КОМПЛЕКСОВ УЛЬТРАДИСПЕРСНЫХ АЛМАЗОВ ДЕТОНАЦИОННОГО СИНТЕЗА С ИНДОТРИКАРБОЦИАНИНОВЫМ КРАСИТЕЛЕМ

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    A method to create complexes of detonation nanodiamonds with molecules of an indotricarbocyanine dye was developed. The process of complex formation was shown to depend on the nanodiamond annealing conditions. Nanodiamonds that were vacuum annealed at 750oC display the most effective interaction with the dye molecules. Formation of the complexes was studied with the aid of optical spectroscopy in the visible and infrared regions.Разработан метод получения комплексов ультрадисперсных алмазов детонационного синтеза с молекулами индотрикарбоцианинового красителя. Показано, что на процесс комплексообразования влияют условия термической обработки наноалмазов. Наиболее эффективное взаимодействие с красителем проявляется для ультрадисперсных алмазов, отожженных в вакууме при 750оС. Процесс образования комплексов изучен методом оптической спектроскопии в видимой и инфракрасной областях

    Нестационарные колебания струн и их систем, контактирующих с различными сосредоточенными нагрузками

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    Nonstationary vibrations of strings and their systems, caused by a finite numbers of concentrated loads, are considered. External forces can be simulated by nonstationary concentrated loads. We can use nonstationary concentrated loads to simulate the external forces and reactions, conformed to influence of mass or dampers. A generalized layout of research was built for system of strings, where all strings intersect a common one. A method for constructing the system of equations is given. The system consists of one-dimensional wave equations for several strings. The system is closed by additional relations in contact points. The obtained system is the system of Volterra integral equations. The system is reduced to block matrix equation after discretization. The problem of nonstationary string vibrations with two joined dampers is solved as an example.Рассматриваются нестационарные колебания струн и их систем, вызванные конечным количеством сосредоточенных нагрузок. Нестационарными нагрузками могут моделироваться внешние силы, также реакции, соответствующие влиянию сосредоточенных масс или демпферов. Для системы струн, пересекающих одну общую, строится обобщенная схема исследования. Излагается методика построения системы уравнений, состоящей из одномерных волновых уравнений для некоторого произвольного количества струн, которая замыкается дополнительными соотношениями в точках контакта. Полученная система является системой интегральных уравнений Вольтерра, которая после дискретизации сводится к блочной системе линейных уравнений. В качестве примера решается задача о нестационарных колебаниях струны с двумя присоединенными демпферами.Розглядаються нестаціонарні коливання струн і їх систем, викликані скінченою кількістю зосереджених навантажень. Нестаціонарними навантаженнями можуть моделюватися зовнішні сили, а також реакції, які відповідають впливу зосереджених мас або демпферів. Для системи струн, які перетинають одну загальну, будується узагальнена схема дослідження. Викладається методика побудови системи рівнянь, що складається з одновимірних хвильових рівнянь для деякої довільної кількості струн, яка замикається додатковими співвідношеннями в точках контакту. Отримана система є системою інтегральних рівнянь Вольтерра, яка після дискретизації зводиться до блочної системи лінійних рівнянь. Як приклад вирішується задача про нестаціонарні коливаннях струни з двома приєднаними демпферами
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