Origin of three-body resonances

We expose the relation between the properties of the three-body continuum states and their two-body subsystems. These properties refer to their bound and virtual states and resonances, all defined as poles of the $S$-matrix. For one infinitely heavy core and two non-interacting light particles, the complex energies of the three-body poles are the sum of the two two-body complex pole-energies. These generic relations are modified by center-of-mass effects which alone can produce a Borromean system. We show how the three-body states evolve in $^6$He, $^6$Li, and $^6$Be when the nucleon-nucleon interaction is continuously switched on. The schematic model is able to reproduce the main properties in their spectra. Realistic calculations for these nuclei are shown in detail for comparison. The implications of a core with non-zero spin are investigated and illustrated for $^{17}$Ne ($^{15}$O+p+p). Dimensionless units allow predictions for systems of different scales.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure

Development of an in-house reference standard for anti-rabies immunoglobulin potency, to be used in the virus neutralisation test in a Vero cell culture

The development and use of new methods of quality control of medicines involve the use of a lot of reference materials in quality control testing. Specialists of the Russian Research Antiplague Institute “Microbe” have proposed an alternative methodological approach to determination of potency of anti-rabies immunoglobulin in cell culture, which requires the development of an in-house reference standard (RS) certified against the biological reference preparation (BRP) of the European Pharmacopoeia human rabies immunoglobulin. The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate the metrological characteristics of an in-house RS for anti-rabies immunoglobulin potency, to be used in the virus neutralisation test in a Vero cell culture. Materials and methods: The following materials were used in the study: equine rabies immunoglobulin, Vero continuous cell culture, fixed rabies virus (Moscow 3253Vero strain), human rabies immunoglobulin BRP of the European Pharmacopoeia. The potencies of the candidate in-house RS and rabies immunoglobulin samples were determined in the neutralisation test in cell culture. The results were recorded using a fluorescent microscope. Statistical processing was carried out in accordance with general chapter 1.1.0014.15 of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 14th edition. Results: the certified value of the in-house RS potency was 180.8±18.8 IU/mL. The confidence limits were determined at the 0.95 probability level. The shelf life of the in-house RS is 1.5 years (when stored according to the sanitary regulation SanPiN 3.3686-21). The certified in-house RS was assigned with the number 41-01-20. A set of technical and operational documentation was developed and approved for the in-house RS. The developed in-house RS can be used for in vitro determination of anti-rabies immunoglobulin potency, expressed in international units, to confirm its compliance with the product specification file. Conclusions: the authors developed an in-house RS for anti-rabies immunoglobulin potency, to be used in the virus neutralisation test in cell culture, certified against the human rabies immunoglobulin BRP of the European Pharmacopoeia

Expression of some molecular and biological markers in esophageal tumors of various stages and grades

Objectives: immunohistochemical study of the expression of molecular and biological markers (p53, bcl-2 and ki-67) in esophageal tumors of various stages and grades, and evaluation of the markers in the disease prognosis. Material and methods: the study included 30 patients of a retrospective group with stage II-III squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Immunohistochemical study of paraffi n sections was performed using primary mouse monoclonal antibodies against p53, bcl-2 and ki67, and Reveal Polyvalent HRP-DAB Detection System. Results: diff erences in the rates and expression of molecular and biological markers (p53, bcl-2 and ki-67), controlling apoptosis and proliferation, depended on the tumor stage and grade. Conclusions: fdvanced cancer of the esophagus demonstrated an increase in rates and expression of p53+ and ki-67, as well as in the proliferative activity of tumor cells. Bcl-2 expression was more frequent and intensive in stage II tumors, compared to stage III. Esophageal tumors of higher grades were characterized with higher rates and expression of p53 and ki-67, and conversely for the bcl-2 expression. Th e revealed diff erences can be used in the disease prognosis

The 6^{6}H states studied in the d(8He,α)d(^8\text{He},\alpha) reaction and evidence of extremely correlated character of the 5^{5}H ground state

The extremely neutron-rich system $^{6}$H was studied in the direct $^2\text{H}(^8\text{He},{^4\text{He}})^{6}$H transfer reaction with a 26 $A$ MeV secondary $^{8}$He beam. The measured missing mass spectrum shows a resonant state in $^{6}$H at $6.8(3)$ MeV relative to the $^3$H+$3n$ threshold. The population cross section of the presumably $p$-wave states in the energy range from 4 to 8 MeV is $d\sigma/d\Omega_{\text{c.m.}} \simeq 190(40)$ $\mu$b/sr in the angular range $5^{\circ}<\theta_{\text{c.m.}}<16^{\circ}$. The obtained missing mass spectrum is free of the $^{6}$H events below 3.5 MeV ($d\sigma/d\Omega_{\text{c.m.}} \lesssim 3$ $\mu$b/sr in the same angular range). The steep rise of the $^{6}$H missing mass spectrum at 3 MeV allows to show that $4.5(3)$ MeV is the lower limit for the possible resonant state energy in $^{6}$H tolerated by our data. According to paring energy estimates, such a $4.5(3)$ MeV resonance is a realistic candidate for the $^{6}$H ground state (g.s.). The obtained results confirm that the decay mechanism of the $^{7}$H g.s.\ (located at 2.2 MeV above the $^{3}$H+$4n$ threshold) is the ``true'' (or simultaneous) $4n$ emission. The resonance energy profiles and the momentum distributions of the sequential $^{6}$H \,\rightarrow \, ^5H(g.s.)+n\, \rightarrow \, ^3H+$3n$ decay fragments were analyzed by the theoretically-updated direct four-body-decay and sequential-emission mechanisms. The measured momentum distributions of the $^{3}$H fragments in the $^{6}$H rest frame indicate very strong ``dineutron-type'' correlations in the $^{5}$H ground state decay.Comment: 9 pages, 11 figure

BASOPHILE ACTIVATION TEST FOR THE DIAGNOSTICS OF FUNGAL SENSITIZATION IN THE PATIENTS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS

Aspergillus fumigatus colonization in the patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) may cause sensitization against A. fumigatus and/or allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), which significantly worsens the course of underlying disease. At the present time, new diagnostic tests are searched for detection of fungal sensitization in these patients. The aim of this work was to evaluate an opportunity of application of basophile activation test with A. fumigatus allergen in vitro using flow cytometry, aiming for identification of fungal sensitization in the CF patients. The study included 190 patients with CF aged 1 to 37 years. All the patients underwent common allergy screening (skin tests with fungal allergens, determination of serum levels of total IgE and specific IgE for the fungal allergens), and mycological examination (microscopy and culture of respiratory substrates). Computed tomography of the chest was performed upon clinical indications. The basophil activation test with the A. fumigatus allergen was performed in 10 CF patients with ABPA, and 10 CF patients without ABPA, in addition to the standard allergological examination. Frequency of sensitization to A. fumigatus in the patients with cystic fibrosis was 27%, the incidence of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis was 5.7%. The number of eosinophils, total IgE and specific IgE levels in CF patients with ABPA were significantly higher than in CF patients without ABPA. In blood of the ABPA patients we have identified 68.5 (52.5-81.5%) of basophilic leukocytes activated by A. fumigatus allergen, with a stimulation index of 17.07 (10.30-27.70). In appropriate comparison group, the stimulation index did not exceed 1.5 (p = 0.000). Direct positive correlation between the levels of specific IgE to A. fumigatus and the number of basophils activated by A. fumigatus allergens was revealed (r = 0.77; р &lt; 0.05). FVC values and the body mass index in CF patients with ABPA were significantly lower when compared with the patients without fungal sensitization. Introduction of the basophil activation test, along with standard techniques, may enable a more differentiated assessment of ABPA development in CF patients. Timely detection of associations between A. fumigatus sensitization and clinical status of CF patients will facilitate early and effective administration of specific therapy

Разработка стандартного образца предприятия активности антирабического иммуноглобулина для применения в реакции нейтрализации вируса на культуре клеток Vero

The development and use of new methods of quality control of medicines involve the use of a lot of reference materials in quality control testing. Specialists of the Russian Research Antiplague Institute “Microbe” have proposed an alternative methodological approach to determination of potency of anti-rabies immunoglobulin in cell culture, which requires the development of an in-house reference standard (RS) certified against the biological reference preparation (BRP) of the European Pharmacopoeia human rabies immunoglobulin. The aim of the study was to develop and evaluate the metrological characteristics of an in-house RS for anti-rabies immunoglobulin potency, to be used in the virus neutralisation test in a Vero cell culture. Materials and methods: The following materials were used in the study: equine rabies immunoglobulin, Vero continuous cell culture, fixed rabies virus (Moscow 3253Vero strain), human rabies immunoglobulin BRP of the European Pharmacopoeia. The potencies of the candidate in-house RS and rabies immunoglobulin samples were determined in the neutralisation test in cell culture. The results were recorded using a fluorescent microscope. Statistical processing was carried out in accordance with general chapter 1.1.0014.15 of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 14th edition. Results: the certified value of the in-house RS potency was 180.8±18.8 IU/mL. The confidence limits were determined at the 0.95 probability level. The shelf life of the in-house RS is 1.5 years (when stored according to the sanitary regulation SanPiN 3.3686-21). The certified in-house RS was assigned with the number 41-01-20. A set of technical and operational documentation was developed and approved for the in-house RS. The developed in-house RS can be used for in vitro determination of anti-rabies immunoglobulin potency, expressed in international units, to confirm its compliance with the product specification file. Conclusions: the authors developed an in-house RS for anti-rabies immunoglobulin potency, to be used in the virus neutralisation test in cell culture, certified against the human rabies immunoglobulin BRP of the European Pharmacopoeia.Разработка и применение новых методов контроля качества лекарственных средств предполагает использование большого количества референтного материала для контрольных исследований. Специалистами ФКУЗ РосНИПЧИ «Микроб» Роспотребнадзора предложен альтернативный методический подход для определения активности антирабического иммуноглобулина на культуре клеток, внедрение которого в практику диктует необходимость разработки стандартного образца предприятия, аттестованного относительно стандартного образца активности антирабического иммуноглобулина человека Европейской фармакопеи.Цель работы: разработка и оценка метрологических характеристик стандартного образца предприятия (СОП) специфической активности антирабического иммуноглобулина для применения в реакции нейтрализации вируса на культуре клеток Vero. Материалы и методы: иммуноглобулин антирабический из сыворотки крови лошади; перевиваемая клеточная культура Vero; фиксированный вирус бешенства (штамм Москва 3253Vero); стандартный образец активности антирабического иммуноглобулина человека Европейской фармакопеи. Специфическую активность кандидата в СОП и образцов антирабического иммуноглобулина определяли в реакции нейтрализации на культуре клеток. Учет результатов осуществляли с помощью флуоресцентного микроскопа. Статистическую обработку проводили в соответствии с общей фармакопейной статьей 1.1.0014.15 Государственной фармакопеи Российской Федерации XIV издания. Результаты: в ходе испытаний установлена аттестуемая характеристика СОП по показателю «Специфическая активность», соответствующая значению 180,8±18,8 МЕ/мл. Граничные значения доверительного интервала определены при уровне вероятности 0,95. Установлен срок годности СОП – 1,5 года при хранении в соответствии с СанПиН 3.3686-21. По итогам аттестации образцу присвоен номер 41-01-20, разработан и утвержден комплект технической и эксплуатационной документации. Применение разработанного СОП позволяет проводить анализ специфической активности антирабического иммуноглобулина in vitro, выраженной в международных единицах, для подтверждения соответствия требованиям нормативной документации. Выводы: разработан стандартный образец предприятия специфической активности антирабического иммуноглобулина для применения в реакции нейтрализации вируса на клеточной культуре, аттестованный относительно стандартного образца активности антирабического иммуноглобулина человека Европейской фармакопеи

NEW NUTRIENT MEDIUM ON THE BASIS OF DRY FIBRIN HYDROLYSATE FOR V. CHOLERAE CULTIVATION

The data on exploration of biological properties of experimental solid and liquid media on the basis of dry enzymatic hydrolysate of fibrinobtained from production waste of anti-rabies immunoglobulin is presened here. The culture media engineered meets the requirements of normative documents and. is highly competitive with the test medium in their qualitative characteristics. Suggested media can be used for V. cholerae cultivation, including submerged cultivation, in production of cholera preventive and. diagnostic preparations

Оценка гуморального иммунного ответа экспериментальных животных на введение рекомбинантного эктодомена поверхностного S-гликопротеина вируса SARS-CoV-2 с ИСКОМ-адъювантом

Scientific relevance. The use of recombinant antigens in vaccine production is limited because vaccines based on such antigens tend to have low immunogenicity. However, a COVID-19 vaccine that combines recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein as its antigen and virus-like immune-stimulating complexes (ISCOMs) as its adjuvant (Nuvaxovid) induces a protective virus-neutralising response. The State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector” (hereinafter, Vector) has developed the ISCOM adjuvant Matrix-V, which plays a key role in inducing virus-neutralising antibodies. Studying Matrix-V will provide for the wide use of recombinant antigens combined with this adjuvant in the development and production of novel Russian vaccines.Aim. This study aimed to evaluate the humoral immune responses of experimental animals to intramuscular injections of a complex combining the recombinant Wuhan-type SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD antigen and the virus-like ISCOM adjuvant containing Quillaja saponaria saponins.Materials and methods. The Matrix-V ISCOM adjuvant was produced using Vector’s proprietary technology, which involves cross-flow filtration through Sartorius VivaFlow cassettes. To determine the saponin and residual detergent concentrations in Matrix-V, the authors conducted high-performance liquid chromatography. Having produced the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD antigen, the authors used electron microscopy to analyse the ultrastructure of the ISCOM–antigen complex. In the study of the ISCOM–antigen complex, 25 female Balb/c mice (5 groups) and 15 male and female outbred guinea pigs (3 groups) received two intramuscular injections with a 14-day interval. Serum tests relied on virus neutralisation (VN) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods and used antigens of 8 SARS-CoV-2 variants (State Collection of Viruses and Rickettsia, Vector). The authors used Statistica 10 to analyse the results.Results. Two injections of the SARS-CoV-2 RBD antigen (mice: 7 μg, guinea pigs: 1 μg) alone did not induce statistically significant virus-neutralising antibody responses, as shown by the VN results. Two injections of the SARS-CoV-2 RBD antigen (mice: 7 μg, guinea pigs: 1 μg) adjuvanted with Matrix-V (25 μg) resulted in geometric mean antibody titres of 1:83–1:178 (mice) and 1:174–1:587 (guinea pigs) in the VN tests with the Wuhan variant. One injection of the antigen (1 μg or 7 μg) with Matrix-V (25 μg) induced antibodies only in individual cases, as demonstrated by the VN and/or ELISA results. The most intensive immune response was observed in ELISA tests with the Delta variant after two injections of the Ecto-S-Wuhan (1 μg) and Matrix-V (25 μg) complex. Immune responses did not differ between the group that received two injections of the Ecto-S-Wuhan antigen (1 μg) without the ISCOM adjuvant and the negative control group (titres below 1:100; p=0.95). Two injections of the SARS-CoV-2 RBD antigen (7 μg) without the ISCOM adjuvant induced antibodies in mice (titres between 1:248 and 1:1477).Conclusions. Two intramuscular injections of the complex containing the recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD antigen and the Matrix-V ISCOM adjuvant induce virus-neutralising antibodies. The approach proposed by the authors has the potential for use in the development of immunobiological medicinal products to prevent and treat a wide range of infectious diseases.Актуальность. Использование рекомбинантных антигенов в вакцинах ограничено низкой иммуногенностью таких препаратов. Однако вакцина от COVID-19 (Nuvaxovid), содержащая не только рекомбинантный антиген гликопротеина Spike вируса SARS-CoV-2, но и вирусоподобный иммуностимулирующий комплекс ИСКОМ-адъювант, индуцирует выработку протективного вируснейтрализующего ответа. Исследование разработанного в ФБУН ГНЦ ВБ «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора ИСКОМ-адъюванта «Матрикс-В», играющего ключевую роль в формировании вируснейтрализующего иммунного ответа, позволит широко использовать рекомбинантные антигены в комплексе с адъювантом для разработки и производства новых отечественных вакцин.Цель. Оценка гуморального иммунного ответа на внутримышечное введение животным комплекса рекомбинантного антигена RBD поверхностного Spike-гликопротеина SARS-CoV-2 (штамм «Ухань») и полученных вирусоподобных ИСКОМ с сапонинами Quillaja saponaria.Материалы и методы. ИСКОМ-адъювант «Матрикс-В» получали по разработанной в ФБУН ГНЦ ВБ «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора технологии с применением метода тангенциальной фильтрации в системе Sartorious VivaFlow. Оценивали концентрацию сапонинов и детергента в препарате методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии. Получен рекомбинантный антиген RBD SARS-CoV-2, проведено электронно-микроскопическое исследование ультраструктуры комплекса «ИСКОМ — антиген». Комплексами «ИСКОМ — антиген» внутримышечно двукратно (через 14 сут) иммунизировали 25 (5 групп) мышей линии Balb/c и 15 (3 группы) разнополых аутбредных морских свинок. Образцы сыворотки крови исследовали в реакции нейтрализации и методом ИФА с антигенами 8 штаммов вируса SARS-CoV-2 (Государственная коллекция возбудителей вирусных инфекций и риккетсиозов ФБУН ГНЦ ВБ «Вектор» Роспотребнадзора). Результаты обрабатывались статистически в программе Statistica 10.Результаты. Двукратное введение антигена RBD SARS-CoV-2 морским свинкам (по 1 мкг) и мышам (по 7 мкг) не приводило в реакции нейтрализации к достоверному формированию вируснейтрализующего ответа. В реакции нейтрализации со штаммом «Ухань» средние геометрические значения титров антител сыворотки крови животных, двукратно иммунизированных комплексом RBD SARS-CoV-2 (мыши — по 7 мкг, морские свинки — по 1 мкг) + Матрикс-В (по 25 мкг), были в пределах 1:83–1:178 и 1:174–1:587 соответственно. В группах животных, однократно иммунизированных комплексом (1 мкг и 7 мкг антигена + Матрикс-В) антитела определялись в реакции нейтрализации (и/или ИФА) только в единичных случаях. В опытах ИФА наиболее интенсивный ответ (на антиген штамма Delta) получен после двукратной иммунизации комплексом Ecto-S-Wuhan (1 мкг) + Матрикс-В (25 мкг). Ответ на двукратное введение антигена Ecto-S-Wuhan (1 мкг) без ИСКОМ-адъюванта (p=0,95) не отличался от отрицательного контроля (значение титра менее 1:100). Двукратное введение мышам антигена RBD SARS-CoV-2 (по 7 мкг) приводило к формированию антител (значения титров 1:248–1:1477).Выводы. Комплекс рекомбинантного антигена RBD SARS-CoV-2 и адъюванта «Матрикс-В» при двукратном внутримышечном введении индуцирует выработку вируснейтрализующих антител. Предложенный подход перспективен для разработки иммунобиологических препаратов профилактики и терапии широкого спектра инфекционных заболеваний