2,561 research outputs found
Computer simulation of field ion images of nanoporous structure in the irradiated materials
Computer simulation and interpretation of field ion microscopy images of ion irradiated platinum are discussed. Field ion microscopy technique provides direct precise atomic scale investigation of crystal lattice defects of atomically pure surface of material; at the same time it allows to analyze the structural defects in volume by controlled and sequential removal of surface atoms by electric field. Defects identification includes the following steps: at the first stage the type of crystalline structure and spatial orientation of crystallographic directions were determined. Thus, we obtain the data about exact position of all atoms of the given volume, i.e. the model image of an ideal crystal. At the second stage, the ion image was processed used the program to obtain the data about real arrangement of atoms of the investigated sample. At the third stage the program compares these two data sets, with a split-hair accuracy revealing a site of all defects in a material. Results of the quantitative analysis show that shape of nanopores are spherical or cylindrical, diameter on nanopores was varied from 1 to 5 run, their depth was fond to be from 1 to 9 nm. It was observed that nearly 40% of nanopores are concentrated in the subsurface layer 10 nm thick, the concentration of nanopores decreased linearly with the distance from the irradiated surface
Mathematical Models of Video-Sequences of Digital Half-Tone Images
This chapter is devoted to Mathematical Models (MM) of Digital Half-Tone Images (DHTI) and their
video-sequences presented as causal multi-dimensional Markov Processes (MP) on discrete meshes.
The difficulties of MM development for DHTI video-sequences of Markov type are shown. These difficulties are related to the enormous volume of computational operations required for their realization.
The method of MM-DHTI construction and their statistically correlated video-sequences on the basis
of the causal multi-dimensional multi-value MM is described in detail. Realization of such operations
is not computationally intensive; Markov models from the second to fourth order demonstrate this. The
proposed method is especially effective when DHTI is represented by low-bit (4-8 bits) binary numbers
Development of Nonlinear Filtering Algorithms of Digital Half-Tone Images
This chapter is devoted to solving the problem of algorithms and structures investigations for Radio
Receiver Devices (RRD) with the aim of the nonlinear filtering of Digital Half-Tone Images (DHTI)
representing the discrete-time and discrete-value random Markovian process with a number of states
greater than two. At that, it is assumed that each value of the DHTI element is represented by the binary
g-bit number, whose bits are transmitted via digital communication links in the presence of Additive
White Gaussian Noise (AWGN). The authors present the qualitative analysis of the optimal DHTI filtering
algorithm. The noise immunity of the optimal radio receiver device for the DHTI filtering with varying
quantization and dimension levels is investigated
The redox transformations and nucleophilic replacements as possible metabolic reactions of the drug βTriazaverinβ. The chemical modeling of the metabolic processes
As a model of metabolic transformations of antiviral drug βTriazaverinβ and its analoguesβ2-alkylthioβ6-nitroβ1,2,4-triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazineβ7-ones 1a-d examined the oxidation of alkylthio groups to the corresponding sulfoxides 2a-d and sulfones 3a-d, as well as the process of nucleophilic substitution sulfonyloxy group of cysteine and cysteamine with the formation of compounds 5 and 6
Magnetically Mediated Transparent Conductors: InO doped with Mo
First-principles band structure investigations of the electronic, optical and
magnetic properties of Mo-doped InO reveal the vital role of magnetic
interactions in determining both the electrical conductivity and the
Burstein-Moss shift which governs optical absorption. We demonstrate the
advantages of the transition metal doping which results in smaller effective
mass, larger fundamental band gap and better overall optical transmission in
the visible -- as compared to commercial Sn-doped InO. Similar behavior
is expected upon doping with other transition metals opening up an avenue for
the family of efficient transparent conductors mediated by magnetic
interactions
Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· 6-R-2,2,4-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½- Ρ 6-R-4-Rβ-2,2,4-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1,2,3,4-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-8-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ β ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ² helquinoline
The peculiarities of the oxidation reaction of substituted (5,6-dihydro)-4,4,6-trimethyl-4H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij] quinoline-1,2-diones have been investigated. 6-R-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline-8-carboxylic acids and 6-R-4-Rβ-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-8-carboxylic acids, which are structural analogues of the naturalΒ antibiotic Helquinoline ((2R,4S)-4-methoxy-2-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-8-carboxylic acid), have beenΒ obtained by oxidation of 8-R-4,4,6-trimethyl-4H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-1,2-diones and their hydrogenated analoguesΒ β 8-R-6-Rβ-4,4,6-trimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-1,2-diones. It has been shown thatΒ 8-R-6-Rβ-4,4,6-trimethyl-5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-1,2-diones and 8-R-4,4,6-trimethyl-4H-pyrroloΒ [3,2,1-ij]quinoline-1,2-diones are oxidized similar to isatin with opening of the pyrrole-1,2-dione fragment andΒ subsequent decarboxylation, and the presence of bulky substituents β gem-dimethyl groups in the second positionΒ of the hydroquinoline cycle has no steric effect on the process. Moreover, it has been found that oxidationΒ of 8-R-4,4,6-trimethyl-4H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinoline-1,2-diones proceeds selectively with opening the pyrrole-1,2-Β dione fragment without affecting the multiple bond of the dihydroquinoline cycle, polymerization also does not occurΒ on it. The structure of 6-R-4-Rβ-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-8-carboxylic acids and 6-R-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline-8-carboxylic acids has been confirmed by 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy,Β mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. With the help of mass spectroscopy it has been shown that theΒ heterocyclic fragment of 6-R-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline-8-carboxylic acids is more stable compared toΒ the fragment of 6-R-4-Rβ-2 2,4-trimethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-8-carboxylic acids.ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
(5,6-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎ)-4,4,6-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-4H-ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΒ [3,2,1-ij]Ρ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ 8-R-4,4,6-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-4H-ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,2,1-ij]Ρ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Β Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² 8-R-6-Rβ-4,4,6-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-5,6-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎ-4H-ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,2,1-ij]Ρ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ 6-R-2,2,4-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-8-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ 6-R-4-Rβ-2,2,4-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1,2,3,4-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-8-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Helquinoline ((2R,4S)-4-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈ-2-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1,2,3,4-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-8-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ). ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ 8-R-6-Rβ-4,4,6-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-5,6-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎ-4H-ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,2,1-ij]Ρ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈ 8-R-4,4,6-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-4H-ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,2,1-ij]Ρ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΒ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»-1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ β Π³Π΅ΠΌ-Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Β Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 8-R-4,4,6-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-4H-ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,2,1-ij]Ρ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΒ ΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»-1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°, Π½Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ. Π‘ΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 6-R-4-Rβ-2,2,4-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1,2,3,4-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-8-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΈ 6-R-2,2,4-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-8-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΎΒ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π―ΠΠ 1H ΠΈ Π―ΠΠ 13Π‘ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ, ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡΒ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΒ 6-R-2,2,4-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-8-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ 6-R-4-Rβ-2,2,4-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1,2,3,4-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ½-8-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ.ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
(5,6-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎ)-4,4,6-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-4H-ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,2,1-ij]Β Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-1,2-Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ². ΠΠΊΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ 8-R-4,4,6-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-4H-ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,2,1-ij]Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-1,2-Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² Ρ ΡΡ
Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ² 8-R-6-Rβ-4,4,6-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-5,6-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎ-4H-ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,2,1-ij]Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-1,2-Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠ² ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ 6-R-2,2,4-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-8-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ° 6-R-4-Rβ-2,2,4-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1,2,3,4-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-8-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ, ΡΠΎ Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Helquinoline ((2R, 4S)-4-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈ-2-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1,2,3,4-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-8-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ). ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ 8-R-6-Rβ-4,4,6-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-5,6-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎ-4H-ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,2,1-ij]Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-1,2-Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Ρ 8-R-4,4,6-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-4H-ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,2,1-ij]Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-1,2-Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π· ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ»-1,2-Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ ΠΎΠ±βΡΠΌΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² βΒ Π³Π΅ΠΌ-Π΄ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ. ΠΡΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ½Π΅Π½Π½Ρ 8-R-4,4,6-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-4H-ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎ[3,2,1-ij]Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-1,2-Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½iΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ Π· ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠΎΠ»-1,2-Π΄ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ, Π½Π΅ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ Π·Π²βΡΠ·ΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΄Π±ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ 6-R-4-Rβ-2,2,4-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1,2,3,4-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-8-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΡΒ 6-R-2,2,4-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ -8-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π―ΠΠ 1H ΡΠ° Π―ΠΠ 13Π‘Β ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡ, ΠΌΠ°Ρ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ° Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ. ΠΠ° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠ°Ρ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ,Β ΡΠΎ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π³Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ 6-R-2,2,4-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1,2-Π΄ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-8-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ½Π½Ρ Π· ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ 6-R-4-Rβ-2, 2,4-ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»-1,2,3,4-ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½-8-ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ
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