Underdetermined blind source separation based on Fuzzy C-Means and Semi-Nonnegative Matrix Factorization

Conventional blind source separation is based on over-determined with more sensors than sources but the underdetermined is a challenging case and more convenient to actual situation. Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) has been widely applied to Blind Source Separation (BSS) problems. However, the separation results are sensitive to the initialization of parameters of NMF. Avoiding the subjectivity of choosing parameters, we used the Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering technique to estimate the mixing matrix and to reduce the requirement for sparsity. Also, decreasing the constraints is regarded in this paper by using Semi-NMF. In this paper we propose a new two-step algorithm in order to solve the underdetermined blind source separation. We show how to combine the FCM clustering technique with the gradient-based NMF with the multi-layer technique. The simulation results show that our proposed algorithm can separate the source signals with high signal-to-noise ratio and quite low cost time compared with some algorithms

The Effect of Direct and Indirect Boiling on Chemical Composition and Microbial load of Disposed Waste Fish of White Nile State, Sudan

     The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of direct and indirect boiling treatments on disposed fish collected from the White Nile River, South of Eldueim town, for the benefit of being used as local fishmeal. The fish samples were identified and analyzed microbiologically and chemically. Crude protein, fat, ash, and metabolizable energy values for treated and untreated samples were found higher than those of the imported broilers concentrates by 20%, 9.7%, 51%, and 36%, respectively. The levels of calcium for direct and indirect boiling treated and untreated samples were 5.6, 4.9, and 4.82%, while for phosphorus they were 3.49, 3.06, and 3.09%, respectively. Treated and untreated samples were higher in sodium content than that of the imported concentrate by 70%. They also one and a half times higher for the phosphorus content. The total concentrations of amino acids for direct and indirect boiling treated samples were 1.21 and 1.13% for methionine and 3.51 and 3.30% for lysine, respectively. Escherichia coli. was totally eradicated by treatments. The direct and indirect boiling gave large numbers of molds and Salmonella spp., amounting to 1.00 × 106 and 2.00 × 106 and 0.50 × 106 and 0.50 × 106 cfu/g, respectively. The results indicated that disposed fish could replace imported concentrates as feedstuff after direct and indirect boiling for poultry feeding, in Sudan

Detection of FXIII gene V34L and fibrinogen β-gene -455G/A polymorphisms among Saudi Arabia population via polymerase chain reaction-reverse hybridization technique

FXIII gene Val34Leu variant appears to be associated with decreased risk of myocardial infarction and venous thromboembolism as well as with increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage. Fibrinogen β-gene SNP -455G/A are associated with differences in the plasma levels of fibrinogen and severity of arterial disease. The aim of the present work was to study the prevalence of FXIII gene V34L and Fibrinogen β-gene -455G/A SNPs in Saudi population. Among 200 blood samples randomly collected from unrelated healthy Saudi subjects, FXIII gene V34L and Fibrinogen β-gene -455G/A SNPs were genotyped via cardiovascular disease (CVD) StripAssay (ViennaLab, Austria. Homozygous (V/V) and heterozygous (V/L) genotypes were detected with 96 and 4%, respectively, among FXIII gene V34L genotypes, whereas (L/L) genotype was not found. The allele frequency was 0.98 for V allele and 0.02 for L allele. Three genotypes of Fibrinogen β-gene -455G/A SNP (GG, GA and AA) were obtained and its prevalence (%) was 70, 25 and 5, respectively. The frequency of G allele was 0.825 and 0.175 for A allele. Prevalence of FXIII gene Vl34L polymorphism and its allele frequency are in line with other Asian populations. Distribution of β-gene -455G/A genotypes and allele frequency are in accordance with previous reports in different ethnic groups. This is the first time to report these polymorphisms in Saudi Arabia population. This study provides valuable information on Saudi genetic background in comparison with other populations. In addition, it serves as a template for future clinical research involving cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Key words: FXIII gene V34L, fibrinogen β-gene -455G/A, polymorphisms, Saudi Arabia

Predicton of interface level height of stratified liquid-liquid flow using artficial neural network

In this study, artificial neural network (ANN) was used to predict the interface level height (ILH) of two immiscible liquids flowing in a horizontal pipe. A three-layer feed-forward back-propagation (FFBP) neural network was constructed and trained with experimental data of two different liquid-liquid flow systems reported in the literature. The all studied flow patterns were stratified flow (stratified smooth and stratified wavy with or without droplets at interface ). The input parameters of the ANN model were superficial velocity of phases, pipe diameter, the ratio of the lighter phase density to the heavier phase density (ρlp/ρhp) and the ratio of the lighter phase viscosity to the heavier phase viscosity (μlp/μhp), while the interface level height (ILH) of phases was its output. The Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm, the hyperbolic tangent sigmoid and the linear activation functions were used for training and developing the ANN. Optimal configuration of the ANN model was determined using minimizing the mean absolute percent error (MAPE) and mean square errors (MSE) between experimental and predicted ILH data by the ANN model. The results showed that the optimal configuration was a network with five neurons in hidden layer that was highly accurate in predicting the interface level. MAPE and correlation coefficient (R) between the experimental and predicted values were determined as 1.8% and 0.9962 for training, and 1.52% and 0.9996 for testing date sets, respectively

A New Multivariate Product Kernel Functions of the Beta Polynomial Family

Multivariate analysis of data is of wide applicability in data science especially in big data analytic due to the volume of concealed information to be analyzed. Accurate analysis of multivariate variables is pertinent because predictions from analyzed data are good statistical indicators for making helpful decisions economically and industrially. One of the statistical analytic tools for analyzing multidimensional observations is the kernel density estimator in data exploration and visualization. The functionality of the kernel depends on the kernel function and bandwidth which influences smoothness of estimates. Several kernel functions and bandwidth selectors exist in literature; however novel estimators are being introduced to handle complex circumstances. This paper introduces a new multivariate beta kernel functions whose derivation is contingent on the product techniques. The performances of the newly introduced and existing kernels are evaluated with a known objective function and the numerical results distinctly indicating that the introduced family transcended the traditional beta family

3D printed multi-drug-loaded suppositories for acute severe ulcerative colitis

Acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) is a growing health burden that often requires treatment with multiple therapeutic agents. As inflammation is localised in the rectum and colon, local drug delivery using suppositories could improve therapeutic outcomes. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a novel manufacturing tool that permits the combination of multiple drugs in personalised dosage forms, created based on each patient's disease condition. This study, for the first time, demonstrates the feasibility of producing 3D printed suppositories with two anti-inflammatory agents, budesonide and tofacitinib citrate, for the treatment of ASUC. As both drugs are poorly water-soluble, the suppositories' ability to self-emulsify was exploited to improve their performance. The suppositories were fabricated via semi-solid extrusion (SSE) 3D printing and contained tofacitinib citrate and budesonide in varying doses (10 or 5 mg; 4 or 2 mg, respectively). The suppositories displayed similar dissolution and disintegration behaviours irrespective of their drug content, demonstrating the flexibility of the technology. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using SSE 3D printing to create multi-drug suppositories for the treatment of ASUC, with the possibility of titrating the drug doses based on the disease progression

Higher Dimensional Kerr-AdS Black Holes and the AdS/CFT Correspondence

Using the counterterm subtraction technique we calculatehe stress-energy tensor, action, and other physical quantities for Kerr-AdS black holes in various dimensions. For Kerr-AdS_5 with both rotation parameters non-zero, we demonstrate that stress-energy tensor, in the zero mass parameter limit, is equal to the stress tensor of the weakly coupled four dimensional dual field theory. As a result, the total energy of the generalKerr-AdS_5 black hole at zero mass parameter, exactly matches the Casimir energy of the dual field theory. We show that at high temperature, the general Kerr-AdS_5 and perturbative field theory stress-energy tensors are equal, up to the usual factor of 3/4. We also use the counterterm technique to calculate the stress tensors and actions for Kerr-AdS_6, and Kerr-AdS_7 black holes, with one rotation parameter, and we display the results. We discuss the conformal anomalies of the field theories dual to the Kerr-AdS_5 and Kerr-AdS_7 spacetimes. In these two field theories, we show that the rotation parameters break conformal invariance but not scale invariance, a novel result for a non-trivial field theory. For Kerr-AdS_7 the conformal anomalies calculated on the gravity side and the dual (0,2) tensor multiplet theory are equal up to 4/7 factor. We expect that the Casimir energy of the free field theory is the same as the energy of the Kerr-AdS_7 black hole (with zero mass parameter), up to that factor.Comment: 18 pages, LaTex (v3: references added. footnote added

Black strings with negative cosmological constant: inclusion of electric charge and rotation

We generalize the vacuum static black strings with negative cosmological constant recently discussed in literature, by including an electromagnetic field. These higher-dimensional configurations have no dependence on the `compact' extra dimension, and their boundary topology is the product of time and $S^{d-3}\times S^1$ or $H^{d-3}\times S^1$. Rotating generalizations of the even dimensional black string configurations are considered as well. Different from the static, neutral case, no regular limit is found for a vanishing event horizon radius. We explore numerically the general properties of such solutions and, using a counterterm prescription, we compute their conserved charges and discuss their thermodynamics. We find that the thermodynamics of the black strings follows the pattern of the corresponding black hole solutions in AdS backgrounds.Comment: 35 pages, 8 figures, final versio

Association between polymorphisms of SLC6A3 and DRD1 genes and autism among Saudi Arabia Taif population using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR- RFLP)

The prevalence of autism in Saudi Arabia is 18 per 10,000, higher than the 13 per 10,000 reported in developed  countries. The etiology of autism is still not completely understood. Different studies support the involvement  of dopaminergic neurotransmitter system in the etiology of autism. Several lines of evidences suggest the role of some dopamine related genes, such as DRD1 and SLC6A3 in the etiology of autism. The aim of the present  work was to study the possible role of rs2550936 A/C polymorphism at SLC6A3 locus as well as rs4532 A/G  polymorphism at DRD1 locus in the etiology of autism among Saudi population. The polymorphisms of DRD1  and LC6A3 were genotyped in the case-control study using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment  length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Significant association as risk factor was found between autism  and GA genotype of DRD1 [OR = 3.5 CI (1.04, 12.41*)] as well as CA genotype of SLC6A3 [OR = 2.53 CI  (1.03, 6.26*)], while CC genotype of SLC6A3 revealed protective effect. In conclusion, possible risk  genotypes  for autism in the DRD1 and SLC6A3 genes were observed. This is the first report in Saudi Arabia  population and Arab world. Therefore further investigations of these markers and other SNPs of SLC6A3 and  DRD1 genes are considered in large replication samples with other causal factors to enable positive  identification of risk genotypes and generalize obtained results.Key words: Etiology, polymorphism, autism, genotype