Estimation of production trend of the depik, Rasbora tawarensis (Teleostei, Cyprinidae), in Lake Laut Tawar, Indonesia

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the production trend of the depik (Rasbora tawarensis) during the last two decades in Lake Laut Tawar. The production trend was examined based on the catch per unit efforts. The direct sampling, fishermen catches collection and fishermen interview were conducted to collect actual fish catches. The results showed that the depik, R. tawarensis production (indicated by the catch-per-unit effort (CPUE)) was seasonally dependent where the CPUE was higher in the rainy season compared to dry season. In addition, the CPUE was higher in the new moon according to lunar cycle. The production of depik in particular and fishes of Lake Laut Tawar in general are declining dramatically during the last two decades. The decrease in the water levels, destructive fishing gears, the presence of introduced species and pollution are the main reasons suggested for this phenomenon.</p

Pax1 and Pax9 activate Bapx1 to induce chondrogenic differentiation in the sclerotome.

We have previously shown that the paired-box transcription factors Pax1 and Pax9 synergistically act in the proper formation of the vertebral column. Nevertheless, downstream events of the Pax1/Pax9 action and their target genes remain to be elucidated. We show, by analyzing Pax1;Pax9 double mutant mice, that expression of Bapx1 in the sclerotome requires the presence of Pax1 and Pax9, in a gene dose-dependent manner. By using a retroviral system to overexpress Pax1 in chick presomitic mesoderm explants, we show that Pax1 can substitute for Shh in inducing Bapx1 expression and in initiating chondrogenic differentiation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Pax1 and Pax9 can transactivate regulatory sequences in the Bapx1 promoter and that they physically interact with the Bapx1 promoter region. These results strongly suggest that Bapx1 is a direct target of Pax1 and Pax9. Together, we conclude that Pax1 and Pax9 are required and sufficient for the chondrogenic differentiation of sclerotomal cells

Worrying and rumination are both associated with reduced cognitive control

Persistent negative thought is a hallmark feature of both major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. Despite its clinical significance, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of persistent negative thought. Recent studies suggest that reduced cognitive control might be an explanatory factor. We investigated the association between persistent negative thought and switching between internal representations in working memory, using the internal shift task (IST). The IST was administered to a group of undergraduates, classified as high-ruminators versus low-ruminators, or high-worriers versus low-worriers. Results showed that high-ruminators and high-worriers have more difficulties to switch between internal representations in working memory as opposed to low-ruminators and low-worriers. Importantly, results were only significant when the negative stimuli used in the IST reflected personally relevant worry themes for the participants. The results of this study indicate that rumination and worrying are both associated with reduced cognitive control for verbal information that is personally relevant

Implementasi Kebijakan Layanan Pembebasan Biaya Perkara Hukum Bagi Masyarakat Tidak Mampu di Pengadilan Agama Purwakarta Tahun 2017

Indonesia merupakan negara hukum yang mengakui dan melindungi Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) pada setiap orang baik individu maupun kelompok tanpa mendiskriminasi ras, agama, suku, ekonomi, sehingga semua orang berhak mendapatkan pelayanan yang sama di mata hukum. Permasalahan yang diteliti adalah implementasi kebijakan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2014 tentang Pedoman Pemberian Layanan Hukum Bagi Masyarakat Tidak Mampu di Pengadilan Agama Purwakarta tahun 2017, tujuan penelitian ini adalah ingin mengetahui tentang implementasi kebijakan layanan pembebasan biaya perkara serta kendala dan upaya untuk mengatasi kendala yang terjadi dalam implementasi kebijakan layanan pembebasan biaya perkara di Pengadilan Agama Purwakarta.Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Data diambil dari dua sumber yaitu sumber primer dan sumber data sekunder. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi terhadap layanan pembebasan biaya perkara yang dijadikan sebagai data awal, wawancara dengan pihak berkompeten dalam bidang layanan pembebasan biaya perkara, dan studi dokumentasi ialah data yang diperoleh melalui bahan kepustkaan yang berhubungan tentang implementasi kebijakan layanan pembebasan biaya perkara kemudian data dianalisis secara kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, implementasi kebijakan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 Tahun 2014 tentang Pedoman Pemberian Layanan Hukum Bagi Masyarakat Tidak Mampu di Pengadilan Agama Purwakarta tahun 2017 sudah sesuai dengan aturan Mahkamah Agung yang tercanum, tetapi dalam pelaksanaanya adanya faktor kendala yang terletak pada sistem penyampaian informasi berbasis internet yang tidak tepat untuk masyarakat tidak mampu, sumber daya staf yang double job, anggaran dan kuota layanan pembebasan biaya perkara yang terbatas yang menimbulkan layanan tidak merata di kalangan masyarakat tidak mampu

Studi Kasus: Konfirmasi Kasus Flu Burung Di Kota Bengkulu Provinsi Bengkulu Tahun 2012

Outbreak Command Post reported that there was a suspected case of Avian Influenza, a woman, 24 year old from the village of Dahri, sub-district of Ratu Samban, in the Province of Bengkulu. The suspected case showed similar symptom with AI but no report of contact with dead or sick poultry. Therefore, field and laboratory investigations were needed to confirm the case through the examination of nasal and throat swabs. The nasal and throat swab as well as Endothelial Tracheal Tube (ETT) fluid and serum were collected from the case two days respectively. The specimens were examined by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) to detect the genetic materials of AI and the serum examination was conducted using Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test to determine antibodies of Avian Influenza. The results of the examination by RT-PCR showed H5N1 positive. Serum specimen was also collected from the case contacts, family members and the neighbours. The results showed that there was no antibody titer found in the specimen. The suspect was then confirmed infected by Avian Influenza

Automatic Blind Syllable Segmentation for Continuous Speech

In this paper a simple practical method for blind segmentation of continuous speech into its constituent syllables is presented. This technique which uses amplitude onset velocity and coarse spectral makeup to identify syllable boundaries is tested on a corpus of continuous speech and compared with an established segmentation algorithm. The results show substantial performance benefit using the proposed algorithm

Locating Discontinuities in Synthetic Speech using a Perceptually Orientated Approach

A significant problem with unit selection based speech synthesis is the listener perception of sound discontinuities at which the speech waveforms are joined. This work demonstrates the application of three different perceptually motivated timefrequency representations and associated measures to the identification of such discontinuities

Automatic Blind Syllable Segmentation for Continuous Speech

In this paper a simple practical method for blind segmentation of continuous speech into its constituent syllables is presented. This technique which uses amplitude onset velocity and coarse spectral makeup to identify syllable boundaries is tested on a corpus of continuous speech and compared with an established segmentation algorithm. The results show substantial performance benefit using the proposed algorithm