The recent neophyte Opuntia aurantiaca Lindl.: distribution and potential invasion in Spain

Trabajo presentado en el XVI Optima Meeting (Organization for the Phyto-Taxonomic Investigation of the Mediterranean Area), celebrado en Atenas (Grecia), del 2 al 5 de octubre de 2019The Cactaceae, and especially its most emblematic genus, Opuntia, have become one of the groups of plants with greater invasion potential in Spain. In fact, this area is considered one of the three global hotspots of invasion of cacti, together with South Africa and Australia. In our country, one of the most recently detected species is Opuntia aurantiaca Lindl, a small cactus with an enormous capacity of dispersion by means of cladodes and (sterile) fruits, which are easily detached and adhere to animals, clothes, and footwear. Probably native to the Southern Cone (Argentina and Uruguay), it behaves as a very aggressive invader in Australia and South Africa. In Europe, it only occurs on the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula (Catalonia and Valencian Community). In this study, the geographic range of the species is updated at the peninsular level. Firstly detected at the beginning of the last decade in Navajas (Castellón), it has been subsequently observed in other places of the province of Castellón, but also in Valencia, Tarragona and Barcelona. With all occurrence data, its potential distribution is estimated using the algorithm of maximum entropy implemented in the program MaxEnt. Distribution models are built for the current climatic conditions as well as for different scenarios of global warming. Due to its possible invasive nature, it is necessary to eradicate the existing populations at this initial stage. Legislation should consider the prohibition of trade and transport of this plant to avoid new introductions

The recent neophyte Opuntia aurantiaca (Cactaceae): distribution and potential invasion in the Iberian Peninsula

The Cactaceae, and especially its most emblematic genus, Opuntia, is one of the groups of plants with greater invasion potential in the Iberian Peninsula. One of the most recently detected species is Opuntia aurantiaca, a small cactus with an enormous capacity of dispersion. Probably native to Argentina and Uruguay, it behaves as a very aggressive invader in Australia and South Africa. In Europe, it only occurs on the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula (Catalonia and Valencian Community). In this study, the geographic range of the species is accurately delineated at the peninsular level. Detected firstly at the beginning of the last decade in Navajas (Castelló Province), it has been subsequently observed in other places of Castelló, but also in Valencia, Tarragona and Barcelona, and since 2017 in Girona. With all gathered occurrence data, the potential distribution of O. aurantiaca is estimated (for the current climatic conditions as well as for different scenarios of global warming). Despite the fact that the species seems to be spreading, maps of potential distribution do not forecast large expansions to other areas of the Iberian Peninsula, both for the present and for the year 2070.This work received financial support from the “Proyecto Intramural Especial, PIE” (grant no. 201630I024) from the CSIC (Spain) and from the “Ajuts a Grups de Recerca Consolidats” (grants nos. 2014-SGR514-GREB and 2017-SGR1116) from the Generalitat de Catalunya (Spain).Abstract Introduction Materials & methods The study species Search for occurrences Ecological niche modelling Results and Discussion Current distribution range of Opuntia aurantiaca in the Iberian Peninsula Present and future potential distribution of Opuntia aurantiaca Acknowledgement

A crowdsourcing database for the copy-number variation of the spanish population

Background: Despite being a very common type of genetic variation, the distribution of copy-number variations (CNVs) in the population is still poorly understood. The knowledge of the genetic variability, especially at the level of the local population, is a critical factor for distinguishing pathogenic from non-pathogenic variation in the discovery of new disease variants. Results: Here, we present the SPAnish Copy Number Alterations Collaborative Server (SPACNACS), which currently contains copy number variation profiles obtained from more than 400 genomes and exomes of unrelated Spanish individuals. By means of a collaborative crowdsourcing effort whole genome and whole exome sequencing data, produced by local genomic projects and for other purposes, is continuously collected. Once checked both, the Spanish ancestry and the lack of kinship with other individuals in the SPACNACS, the CNVs are inferred for these sequences and they are used to populate the database. A web interface allows querying the database with different filters that include ICD10 upper categories. This allows discarding samples from the disease under study and obtaining pseudo-control CNV profiles from the local population. We also show here additional studies on the local impact of CNVs in some phenotypes and on pharmacogenomic variants. SPACNACS can be accessed at: http://csvs.clinbioinfosspa.es/spacnacs/. Conclusion: SPACNACS facilitates disease gene discovery by providing detailed information of the local variability of the population and exemplifies how to reuse genomic data produced for other purposes to build a local reference database.This work is supported by Grants PID2020-117979RB-I00 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation; by the Institute of Health Carlos III (project IMPaCT-Data, exp. IMP/00019, IMP/00009 and PI20/01305), co-funded by the European Union, European Regional Development Fund (ERDF, “A way to make Europe”)

Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid, Marine ω‐3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study

Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α‐linolenic acid (ALA), a plant‐derived ω‐3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine ω‐3 fatty acids (long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to all‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day). Methods and Results: We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9‐y follow‐up, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios for meeting ALA recommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56–0.92) for all‐cause mortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58–1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios for meeting the recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67–1.05) for all‐cause mortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39–0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29–0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22–1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in all‐cause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45–0.87]). Conclusions: In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to all‐cause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fish‐derived long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.Controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639

Opuntia aurantiaca Lindl.: unneófito reciente con un gran potencial invasor en España

Trabajo presentado en el 5º Congreso Nacional sobre Especies Exóticas Invasoras, celebrado en Gerona (España) del 16 al 18 de octubre de 2017[ES] Las cactáceas, y especialmente su género más emblemático, Opuntia Mill., se han convertido en uno de los grupos de plantas con mayor potencial invasor en España. De hecho, estudios recientes (Novoa et al., 2015, AoB PLANTS 7: plu078) consideran a España como uno de los tres hotspots mundiales de invasión de cactáceas, junto a Suráfrica y Australia. En nuestro país, una de las especies de detección más reciente es Opuntia aurantiaca Lindl., cactácea con una enorme capacidad de dispersión por medio de cladodios y frutos (estériles), que se desprenden con suma facilidad y se adhieren a los animales o a la ropa y/o calzado. Probablemente nativa del cono sur (Argentina y Uruguay), se comporta como una invasora muy agresiva en Australia y Suráfrica. En Europa, sólo se conoce su presencia en la vertiente mediterránea de la península ibérica (Cataluña y la Comunidad Valenciana). La primera observación que tenemos constancia es de principios de la década pasada, en Navajas (Castellón). Con posterioridad, se ha observado en otros lugares de la provincia de Castellón, pero también en las de Valencia, Tarragona y Barcelona. En la presente comunicación, se actualiza la corología de la especie a nivel peninsular y, con estos datos, se determina su distribución potencial. Para ello, se utiliza el algoritmo de máxima entropía implementado en el programa MaxEnt, y los modelos se elaboran tanto para las condiciones climáticas actuales como para distintos escenarios de cambio climático.[EN] The Cactaceae, and especially its most emblematic genus, Opuntia Mill., have become one of the groups of plants with greater invasion potential in Spain. In fact, recent studies (Novoa et al., 2015, AoB PLANTS 7: plu078) consider Spain as one of the three global hotspots of invasion of cacti, together with South Africa and Australia. In our country, one of the most recently detected species is Opuntia aurantiaca Lindl., a small cactus with an enormous capacity of dispersion by means of cladodes and (sterile) fruits, which are easily detached and adhere to animals, clothes, and footwear. Probably native to the Southern Cone (Argentina and Uruguay), it behaves as a very aggressive invader in Australia and South Africa. In Europe, it only occurs on the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula (Catalonia and Valencian Community). Firstly detected at the beginning of the last decade in Navajas (Castellón), it has been subsequently observed in other places in the province of Castellón, but also in Valencia, Tarragona and Barcelona. In this communication, the chorology of the species is updated at the peninsular level and, with these data, its potential distribution is determined. To do this, we employ the algorithm of maximum entropy implemented in the program MaxEnt, with models built for the current climatic conditions as well as for different scenarios of climatic change.Peer reviewe

Opuntia aurantiaca Lindl.: un neófito reciente con un gran potencial invasor en España

Las cactáceas, y especialmente su género más emblemático, Opuntia Mill., se han convertido en uno de los grupos de plantas con mayor potencial invasor en España. De hecho, estudios recientes (Novoa et al., 2015, AoB PLANTS 7: plu078) consideran a España como uno de los tres hotspots mundiales de invasión de cactáceas, junto a Suráfrica y Australia. En nuestro país, una de las especies de detección más reciente es Opuntia aurantiaca Lindl., cactácea con una enorme capacidad de dispersión por medio de cladodios y frutos (estériles), que se desprenden con suma facilidad y se adhieren a los animales o a la ropa y/o calzado. Probablemente nativa del cono sur (Argentina y Uruguay), se comporta como una invasora muy agresiva en Australia y Suráfrica. En Europa, sólo se conoce su presencia en la vertiente mediterránea de la península ibérica (Cataluña y la Comunidad Valenciana). La primera observación que tenemos constancia es de principios de la década pasada, en Navajas (Castellón). Con posterioridad, se ha observado en otros lugares de la provincia de Castellón, pero también en las de Valencia, Tarragona y Barcelona. En la presente comunicación, se actualiza la corología de la especie a nivel peninsular y, con estos datos, se determina su distribución potencial. Para ello, se utiliza el algoritmo de máxima entropía implementado en el programa MaxEnt, y los modelos se elaboran tanto para las condiciones climáticas actuales como para distintos escenarios de cambio climático.The Cactaceae, and especially its most emblematic genus, Opuntia Mill., have become one of the groups of plants with greater invasion potential in Spain. In fact, recent studies (Novoa et al., 2015, AoB PLANTS 7: plu078) consider Spain as one of the three global hotspots of invasion of cacti, together with South Africa and Australia. In our country, one of the most recently detected species is Opuntia aurantiaca Lindl., a small cactus with an enormous capacity of dispersion by means of cladodes and (sterile) fruits, which are easily detached and adhere to animals, clothes, and footwear. Probably native to the Southern Cone (Argentina and Uruguay), it behaves as a very aggressive invader in Australia and South Africa. In Europe, it only occurs on the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula (Catalonia and Valencian Community). Firstly detected at the beginning of the last decade in Navajas (Castellón), it has been subsequently observed in other places in the province of Castellón, but also in Valencia, Tarragona and Barcelona. In this communication, the chorology of the species is updated at the peninsular level and, with these data, its potential distribution is determined. To do this, we employ the algorithm of maximum entropy implemented in the program MaxEnt, with models built for the current climatic conditions as well as for different scenarios of climatic change

The recent neophyte Opuntia aurantiaca Lindl.: distribution and potential invasion in Spain

Trabajo presentado en el XVI Optima Meeting (Organization for the Phyto-Taxonomic Investigation of the Mediterranean Area), celebrado en Atenas (Grecia), del 2 al 5 de octubre de 2019The Cactaceae, and especially its most emblematic genus, Opuntia, have become one of the groups of plants with greater invasion potential in Spain. In fact, this area is considered one of the three global hotspots of invasion of cacti, together with South Africa and Australia. In our country, one of the most recently detected species is Opuntia aurantiaca Lindl, a small cactus with an enormous capacity of dispersion by means of cladodes and (sterile) fruits, which are easily detached and adhere to animals, clothes, and footwear. Probably native to the Southern Cone (Argentina and Uruguay), it behaves as a very aggressive invader in Australia and South Africa. In Europe, it only occurs on the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula (Catalonia and Valencian Community). In this study, the geographic range of the species is updated at the peninsular level. Firstly detected at the beginning of the last decade in Navajas (Castellón), it has been subsequently observed in other places of the province of Castellón, but also in Valencia, Tarragona and Barcelona. With all occurrence data, its potential distribution is estimated using the algorithm of maximum entropy implemented in the program MaxEnt. Distribution models are built for the current climatic conditions as well as for different scenarios of global warming. Due to its possible invasive nature, it is necessary to eradicate the existing populations at this initial stage. Legislation should consider the prohibition of trade and transport of this plant to avoid new introductions