Электромагнитные поля компактных люминесцентных энергосберегающих ламп

The questions related to potential environmental and hygienic hazard, which may be caused by electromagnetic field of compact energy saving lamps, are considered. The results of measurements of electromagnetic fields in low frequency domain: spectral composition, intensity depending on distance for lamps of various types and power consumption are presented. It is shown that maximum value of electromagnetic field frequency of 50 Hz from the measured energy saving lamps does not exceed the maximum permissible levels.Рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с возможной эколого-гигиенической опасностью, которые могут представлять электромагнитные поля компактных энергосберегающих ламп. Приведенырезультаты измерений электромагнитных полей в низкочастотной области: спектрального состава, напряженности в зависимости от расстояния для ламп различных видов и потребляемой мощности. Показано, что максимальные величины напряженности электромагнитного поля частотой 50 Гц от измеренных энергосберегающих ламп не превышают предельно допустимых уровней

DEGRADATION OF HYBRID ORGANOMETALLIC PEROVSKITES UNDER GAMMA-RAY EXPOSURE STUDIED BY XPS

We investigate the influence of gamma irradiation on perovskites solar cells by XPS. It has been suggested that PbI2 phase didn't formed under irradiation. To study the degradation processes high-resolution XPS spectra of C, N, Pb and I were taken.Исследование спектров РФЭС выполнено при поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации в рамках Программы развития Уральского федерального университета имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина в соответствии с программой стратегического академического лидерства "Приоритет-2030"

Spectacular enhancement of the thermal and photochemical stability of mapbi3 perovskite films using functionalized tetraazaadamantane as a molecular modifier

Perovskite solar cells represent a highly promising third-generation photovoltaic tech-nology. However, their practical implementation is hindered by low device operational stability, mostly related to facile degradation of the absorber materials under exposure to light and elevated temperatures. Improving the intrinsic stability of complex lead halides is a big scientific challenge, which might be addressed using various “molecular modifiers”. These modifiers are usually rep-resented by some additives undergoing strong interactions with the perovskite absorber material, resulting in enhanced solar cell efficiency and/or operational stability. Herein, we present a deriva-tive of 1,4,6,10-tetraazaadamantane, NAdCl, as a promising molecular modifier for lead halide perovskites. NAdCl spectacularly improved both the thermal and photochemical stability of methy-lammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3 ) films and, most importantly, prevented the formation of metallic lead Pb0 as a photolysis product. NAdCl improves the electronic quality of perovskite films by healing the traps for charge carriers. Furthermore, it strongly interacts with the perovskite framework and most likely stabilizes undercoordinated Pb2+ ions, which are responsible for Pb0 formation under light exposure. The obtained results feature 1,4,6,10-tetraazaadamantane derivatives as highly promising molecular modifiers that might help to improve the operational lifetime of perovskite solar cells and facilitate the practical implementation of this photovoltaic technology. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.This work was supported by Russian Science Foundation (project No. 19-73-30020). The XPS measurements were supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (project FEUZ-2020-0060), Theme ‘Electron’, no. AAAA-A18-118020190098-5 and Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project No. 21-52-52002)

SPECIFICS OF SUBFRACTIONAL SPECTRUM OF APOLIPOPROTEIN B RELATED LIPOPROTEINES IN CAROTID OR CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS PATIENTS

Apolipoprotein (apo)B-containing lipoproteines of low density are heterogeneous by their nature, and differ by their lipid and protein contents, charge, particle size and functional activity. High blood level of small dense particles of low-density lipoproteines (LDL) is related to higher risk of coronary heart disease 3-5 times irrelevant to cholesterol level they contain.Aim. To evaluate and describe the specifics of subfraction spectrum of apo-Bcontaining lipoproteines in patients with lesions in carotid and/or coronary circulation.Material and methods. Totally, 310 patients included (62,5±9,3 year old), underwent duplex scanning of carotid arteries and coronary arteriography (M/F 203/107). Sub fraction spectrum of lipoproteines was assessed with electrophoresis on 3% polyacrylamide gel (Lipoprint system, Quantimetrix Lipoprint LDL System, USA). The level of severity of coronary atherosclerosis lesion was assessed with the Gensini Score (GS).Results. Evaluation of subfractional spread of lipoproteines according to the results of duplex scan showed that in the group of patients with intima-media thickness (IMT) >0,9 mm part of intermediate density lipoproteides (IDL) C is higher (11,0±3,6 vs 9,1±2,8%, р=0,002), and the part of low density lipoproteides (LDL) 1 is lower (16,7±4,1 vs 18,1±3,7%, р=0,047) comparing to the patients with normal IMT. Assessment of the spread of LDL subfractions according to the number of atherosclerotic plaques (AP) and/or lesion of carotid arteries showed that among the patients with ≥3 AP and/or involved carotid arteries for >45%, the part of LDL C decreased (9,9±3,2 vs 11,4±3,7%, р=0,003), but there is increase of intermediate density lipoproteides A (IDL A) (9,3±2,6 vs 8,4±2,5%, р=0,013) and large particles of IDL 1 (17,8±4,0 vs 16,2±4,0%, р=0,005) and comparing to those having <3 AP and/or in lesion ≤45%. With the grading score GS the groups of patients were selected with absence of coronary atherosclerosis (GS =0, n =68) and presence of coronary atherosclerosis (GS >0, n=242). Coronary patients were selected to subgroups with minimal or mild (GS <35, n =81) and severe lesion of coronary arteries (GS ≥35, n=161). In the group of GS >0 part of very low density lipoproteines (VLDL) (21,0±4,1 vs 19,3±4,1%, р=0,004) and IDL (11,4±3,4 vs 10,5±3,3%, р=0,047) were higher, and part of IDL A (8,4±2,5 vs 9,4±2,6%, р=0,006) and large particles IDL 1 (16,8±4,2 vs 18,2±4,2%, р=0,013) lower than group GS =0. In the group GS ≥35 the part of IDL C was significantly higher comparing to those from GS <35 (11,8±3,7 vs 10,8±3,0%, р=0,008). According to multifactor regression, the risk of coronary atherosclerosis is related to higher part of VLDL (OR =1,1, 95% CI 1,0-1,2, р=0,039), small dense particles of LDL 3-6 (OR =1,3, 95% CI 1,0-1,6, р=0,049), and higher part of LDL 2 is associated with the risk of coronary atherosclerosis by 10% GS score (OR =0,9, 95% CI 0,8-1,0, р=0,014). Conclusion. Combination of carotid and coronary arteries is related to the changes of subfractional lipoproteides spectrum (lower part of IDL A and large particles of LDL 1 and higher part of VLDL), characteristic for isolated lesion of coronary arteries regardless its prominence, which probably might be regarded as additional markers of atherogenity of lipid profile in earlier stage carotid and any coronary atherosclerosis

SUBFRACTIONAL SPECTRUM OF HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIDS IN CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS PATIENTS

Aim. To analyze a dispersion of high density lipoproteid (HDL) particles in patients with coronary atherosclerosis and to find out whether there is a relation of HDL subfractional specifics and severity of coronary lesion. Material and methods. Totally 130 patients included (M/F 84/46) 30-80 y.o. (mean age 61, 1 ±9,9 y.o.), who underwent coronary arteriography. Subfractional spectrum of HDL was assessed by "Lipoprint System" (Quantimetrix Lipoprint System, US). Results. Patients were selected into 3 groups according to Gensini score: 1 group (n=40) — coronary lesion 0-20% — no clinical signs of coronary heart disease (0 points); 2 group (n=40) — moderate lesion 21-70% (1-34 points); 3 group (n=50) — significant lesion (>35 points; 35-176). Patients of the 2 and 3 groups comparing to those without coronary atherosclerosis (1 group) had lower levels of cholesterol (C); C of low density lipoproteids (LDL), apoliporotein (apo) AI and apo B, and the level of HDL-C and triglycerides, carbohydrate metabolism parameters (glucose level, insulin and insulin resistance index) and hi- sensitivity C-reactive protein did not differ in three groups, and had higher portion of smaller dense HDL and intermediate HDL, and less amount of large HDL. The differences in HDL dispersion among 2 and 3 groups patients were not found.Conclusion. A pattern of HDL dispersion, i.e. the higher relative amount of smaller dense particles of HDL and less amount of larger HDL is associated with coronary arteries lesion. Shift in subfractional spectrum of HDL to the side of potentially proatherogenic HDL particles can be found in patients even at earlier stages of atherosclerosis

Analiz narusheniy balansa vodnykh sektorov organizma pri ostrom infarkte miokarda metodom bioimpedansometrii

The article presented result of studies, which determined significance of total body bioimpedance spectroscopy analysis in evaluation of functional class of chronic heart failure. The opportunity of diagnostics of the latent and initial phenomena of hyperhydration of tissues is shown according to measurement of an impedance of various regions which clinically are not revealed

Rational Design of Fullerene Derivatives for Improved Stability of p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with p-i-n architecture attracted particular attention from the research community due to their simple and scalable fabrication at low temperatures. However, the operational stability of p-i-n PSCs has to be improved, which requires the development of advanced charge transport interlayers. Fullerene derivatives such as phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) are commonly used as electron transport layer (ETL) materials in PSCs, though they strongly compromise the device stability. Indeed, it has been shown that PC61BM films actively absorb volatile products resulting from photodegradation of lead halide perovskites and transport them towards top metal electrode. Thus, there is an urgent need for development of new fullerene-based electron transport materials with improved properties, in particular the ability to heal defects on the perovskite films surface and block the diffusion of volatile perovskite photodegradation products. To address this challenge, a systematic variation of organic addends structure should be performed in order to tailor the properties of fullerene derivatives. Herein, we rationally designed a series of fullerene derivatives with different side chains and explored their performance as ETL materials in perovskite solar cells. It has been shown that among all studied compounds, a methanofullerene with thiophene pendant group enables both high efficiency and improved device operational stability. The obtained results suggest that further engineering of fullerene-based materials could pave a way for the development of advanced ETL materials enabling long lifetimes of p-i-n perovskite solar cells

INTERRELATION BETWEEN CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS AND TELOMERE BIOLOGY WITH THE SIGNS OF VASCULAR AGING

Aim. To study interrelationship between cardiovascular risk factors and cellular and vascular aging processes. Material and methods. Totally 136 patients were included having no signs of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes 2nd type and receiving no drug therapy, but with one or several risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (smoking, arterial hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, fasting hyperglycemia). The telomere length and telomerase activity was measured by polymerase chain reaction. The thickness of intima-media complex (TIMC) and presence of atherosclerotic plaques (ASP) were measured by duplex scanning of right and left carotid arteries. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured by applanation tonometry. Biochemical tests done by standard.Results. PWV significantly correlated with age, body mass index, glycosilated hemoglobin level, fasting glycemia and telomere length. Presence of ASP and increased TIMC significantly correlated with age, body mass index, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia. Conclusion. Increase of arterial wall stiffness and subclinical atherosclerotic disease have different causes. The level of PWV more linked with carbohydrate metabolism disorder, and TIMC and ASP are linked with lipid disorders