Prospects for the development of electronic commerce in Russia in the conditions of digital economy

E-commerce is a form of running business using information and communication technologies. E-commerce objects include not only traditional types of services and goods, but also informational ones. In general, the trends in e-commerce development in Russia can be regarded as positive. The ongoing coronavirus pandemic affects everything, including spending money and interaction of firms in the marketplace. Current trends indicate an acceleration in digitalization, both in the private and public sectors. Therefore, in the future, only the online seller will have success whose business will be digitized and optimized as much as possible. At the same time, the transition of firms and consumers to the electronic segment is associated with certain costs and risks. This aspect requires serious attention from both academic economists and authorities; competent, but not excessive, intervention is required. In this article, the authors reveal both the positive and negative aspects of running e-business from the point of view of sellers and buyers, and also offer their own views on the e-commerce market development in the context of mass digitalization accelerated due to the coronavirus crisis. Provided that the rate of Internet penetration in the regions remains at the same level, e-commerce in Russia will be able to maintain the current growth rate and realize its potential as an important trading platform for both domestic and foreign economic agents

The formation of flavoring characteristics of meat products by changing the chemical composition of food compositions

The article presents the results of the study of changes in flavour characteristics when using corrective additives. Monosodium glutamate, ribotide, yeast extract and hydrolysate of vegetable soy protein were used as flavoring additives (FA). To assess the effect of composition of meat product recipe, as well as the method of FA‑introduction on taste intensity, the recipes of model meat systems with partial replacement of meat raw materials were used. Pork fat, soy protein and potato starch were used as meat substitutes. The effect of recipe composition on the content of non-volatile substances of aroma was accessed. It is shown that replacement of pork by pork fat in the recipe by 20–40% led to a sharp decrease in the concentration of aromatic substances and a decrease in intensity of taste of the finished product several times. The ways for taste correction using FA was studied. For this, a chopped semi-finished product — minced meat was prepared from chilled whole-muscle pork and 0.05% of each FA was added. It is shown that the dynamics of changes in the content of free amino acids is the most pronounced when using monosodium glutamate not as a mono-additive, but in compositions: monosodium glutamate with yeast extract and monosodium glutamate with ribotide. A pool of chemical compounds involved in the formation of taste and aroma of products was detected. The main components were derivatives of C6–C24 fatty acids, as well as a significant number of other biochemical compounds, mainly substituted amines, amides, alcohols and ketones, with a content ranging from 0.001 to 0.2 mg/kg. The results of organoleptic analysis showed that the most delicious and attractive samples were those containing monosodium glutamate with yeast extract and monosodium glutamate with ribotide

Platelet microvesicles and their role in providing hemostatic capacity (literature review)

In recent years the role of microvesicles in endocrine system transmission, in providing cellular connectivity, in transportation of proteins and nucleic acids from one cell to another, in angiogenesis regulation, in inflammatory reactions and in dissemination of tumors is actively studied. This article reviews the mechanisms of microvesicle formation, the structure of microvesicles and their potential value as biomarkers. Among all essential reactions involving microvesicles one thing especially stands out: their direct participation in providing hemostatic reactions for bleeding control in case of a solution of continuity in blood vessels due to different reasons. Platelet microvesicles play an important role in this process, and it has been proved by several experimental and clinical studies. In this review we evaluate prospects for clinical use of one of modern blood components – cryoprecipitate – as the source of platelet microvesicles

Молекулярный фенотип клеток крови, ассоциированный с прогрессированием трижды негативного рака молочной железы

Introduction. triple negative breast cancer is an aggressive clinical phenotype characterized by poor prognosis. immune system plays an important role in the development, treatment response, and progression of solid tumor. The search for immune-related markers associated with the prediction of treatment efficacy and disease prognosis, and based on the use of high-resolution molecular techniques, is a promising area of research, the results of which can be translated into clinical practice. Case description. The molecular profile of blood mononuclear cells in a 48-year-old female patient with histologically proven triple negative breast cancer (estrogen Receptor – 0; progesteron Receptor – 0; Her2/neu – 0; gata-3 – 0, androgen Receptor – 0 and Ki67 – 70 %) was described. The patient did not response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 4 cycles of paclitaxel + carboplatin followed by 2 cycles of adriamycin + cyclophosphamide. The patient underwent surgery. disease progression (pelvic bone metastases) occurred 2 months after surgery. The features of blood lymphocytes and monocytes associated with a lack of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and disease progression were described.Conclusion. This clinical case demonstrates that sequencing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells can be used as a method for identifying predictive markers of therapy efficacy and developing personalized treatments for patients with triple negative breast cancer.Актуальность. Трижды негативный подтип рака молочной железы характеризуется агрессивным течением и неблагоприятным прогнозом. Компоненты иммунной системы как непосредственные участники патогенеза играют роль в развитии, ответе на терапию и прогрессировании этой нозологии. Поиск маркеров иммунных клеток, ассоциированных с предсказанием эффективности лечения и прогнозом заболевания, основанный на применении молекулярных методов высокого разрешения, является перспективным направлением поискового исследования, результаты которого можно транслировать в клиническую практику. Описание клинического случая. Представлен первый опыт описания молекулярного профиля мононуклеарных клеток крови пациентки с трижды негативным раком молочной железы. Опухоль: инвазивная карцинома неспецифического типа с экспрессией: estrogen Receptor – 0; progesteron Receptor – 0; Her2/neu – 0; gata-3 – 0, androgen Receptor – 0, Ki67 – 70 % опухолевых клеток. Отмечено отсутствие ответа на неоадъювантную химиотерапию по схеме: 4 цикла «паклитаксел + + карбоплатин», с последующими 2 курсами АС (адриамицин + циклофосфан). Пациентке проведено оперативное лечение, через 2 мес после которого выявлены метастазы в кости таза. У пациентки описаны особенности лимфоцитов и моноцитов крови, которые могут быть ассоциированы с отсутствием ответа на неоадъювантную химиотерапию и прогрессированием заболевания.Заключение. Представленное клиническое наблюдение показывает, что метод секвенирования мононуклеарных клеток периферической крови можно использовать в качестве поискового для обнаружения предиктивных маркеров эффективности терапии и создания персонифицированной системы лечения пациенток с трижды негативным раком молочной железы

Курительный статус организованного населения промышленного центра

Last decades chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has got particular medical and social importance by virtue of its growing spread and essential contribution to morbidity, disability and the death rate. The purpose of this work was to study the prevalence of tobacco smoking as the most aggressive COPD risk factor in various population groups at a large industrial centre. 2,304 industrial workers (males and females) of Kemerovo city were examined. The prevalence and intensity of tobacco smoking and relationship between basic smoking indexes and occupational factors, age, education, smoking of parents, living conditions, or blood group were evaluated in this research. The prevalence of the tobacco smoking among the workers questioned was 70.1 % of males and 25.7 % of females. Of the men, the absolute leaders of the tobacco smoking considering all the parameters were drivers; differences between other groups were insignificant. The greatest value of the smoking index in males was found in those of 40 to 49 and 50 to 59 years old out of proportion to their occupation, the smoking intensity in older men decreased. Attitude to smoking was provided by setting of the environmental and intrinsic factors: high educated men smoked less; probability of the smoking raised in children whose parents were smokers or ex smokers. The blood group III is thought to contribute to the smoking predisposition.Особую медико-социальную значимость приобретает хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (ХОБЛ) в силу ее возрастающей распространенности. Цель работы — изучение распространенности табакокурения как наиболее агрессивного фактора риска ХОБЛ в различных популяциях крупного промышленного центра. Обследовали 2 304 мужчин и женщин, работающих на предприятиях г. Кемерово. Определяли частоту и интенсивность табакокурения, связь основных параметров табакокурения с профессиональной деятельностью, возрастом, образованием, курением родителей, жилищными условиями, группой крови. Частота табакокурения среди опрошенных составила 70,1 % у мужчин и 25,7 % у женщин. Среди мужчин по всем характеристикам табакокурения безусловными лидерами оказались водители, в остальных группах различия несущественны. Независимо от профессиональной принадлежности, наибольшие значения индекса курящего человека у мужчин наблюдаются в возрасте 40–49 и 50–59 лет, после чего интенсивность курения снижается. Отношение к курению определяется совокупностью внешних и внутренних факторов: реже курят мужчины с высшим образованием; вероятность курения повышается, если курили или курят родители. Предрасполагающим фактором курения, возможно, является 3-я группа крови

Чувствительность и специфичность спирометрических показателей при скрининговом исследовании респираторной функции

The data on COPD spread in various regions are extremely inconsistent. One of", the most accessible methods to define the COPD prevalence is screening. Spirometry is a gold standard for COPD detection. The purpose of the present research was to study sensitivity and specificity of spirometry in diagnosing COPD. We examined 3 129 persons aged 17 to 80 yrs. (1 867 males and 1 262 females), pensioners and workers of various enterprises at the Kemerovo city. A great number of persons with reduced respiratory function parameters were found during the screening. After more detailed examination the diagnosis of COPD was verified in 5.4 % of the males and 1.1 % of the females. The disease was detected more often in drivers, railway workers and healthcare workers. According to the screening results the most sensitive diagnostic criterion was FEV1 < 80 % and the most specific parameter was FEV1 / FVC < 70 %. Being highly specific PEF < 80 % had low sensitivity. The increase in PEF higher than 90 °%o enhanced its sensitivity up to 88.6 % and its drop less than 70 % augmented its specificity up to 95.5 %o. The results allow to recommend the PEF < 70 % parameter as a diagnostic criterion of COPD in everyday outpatient work and PEF < 90 % as an indication for more detailed examination.Данные о распространенности хронической обструктивной болезни легких (ХОБЛ) в различных регионах крайне противоречивы. Одним из наиболее доступных методов определения распространенности заболевания является скрининг. Целью исследования является определение чувствительности и специфичности инструментальных методов диагностики ХОБЛ, используемых в процессе скрининга. Обследованы 3 129 мужчин и женщин в возрасте от 17 до 80 лет (1 867 мужчин и 1 262 женщины) — работники различных предприятий и пенсионеры г. Кемерово. На скрининге выявляется высокий процент лиц со сниженными показателями бронхиальной проходимости. Диагноз ХОБЛ верифицирован у 5,4 % мужчин и 1,1 % женщин. Заболевание чаще всего встречается у водителей и работников железнодорожного транспорта. Наиболее чувствительным диагностическим критерием ХОБЛ по результатам скрининга является ОФВ1 <80 %, а наиболее специфичным — ОФВ1 / ФЖЕЛ < 70 %. ПСВ <80 % при высокой специфичности имеет низкую чувствительность. Увеличение критерия до ПСВ <90 % повышает чувствительность теста, а снижение до ПСВ < 70 % увеличивает его специфичность. Это позволяет рекомендовать для повседневной работы амбулаторной службы использование в качестве диагностического критерия ХОБЛ уровень ПСВ < 70 % от должных величин, а уровень ПСВ <90 % как показание для дообследования

The formation of flavoring characteristics of meat products by changing the chemical composition of food compositions

The article presents the results of the study of changes in flavour characteristics when using corrective additives. Monosodium glutamate, ribotide, yeast extract and hydrolysate of vegetable soy protein were used as flavoring additives (FA). To assess the effect of composition of meat product recipe, as well as the method of FA‑introduction on taste intensity, the recipes of model meat systems with partial replacement of meat raw materials were used. Pork fat, soy protein and potato starch were used as meat substitutes. The effect of recipe composition on the content of non-volatile substances of aroma was accessed. It is shown that replacement of pork by pork fat in the recipe by 20–40% led to a sharp decrease in the concentration of aromatic substances and a decrease in intensity of taste of the finished product several times. The ways for taste correction using FA was studied. For this, a chopped semi-finished product — minced meat was prepared from chilled whole-muscle pork and 0.05% of each FA was added. It is shown that the dynamics of changes in the content of free amino acids is the most pronounced when using monosodium glutamate not as a mono-additive, but in compositions: monosodium glutamate with yeast extract and monosodium glutamate with ribotide. A pool of chemical compounds involved in the formation of taste and aroma of products was detected. The main components were derivatives of C6–C24 fatty acids, as well as a significant number of other biochemical compounds, mainly substituted amines, amides, alcohols and ketones, with a content ranging from 0.001 to 0.2 mg/kg. The results of organoleptic analysis showed that the most delicious and attractive samples were those containing monosodium glutamate with yeast extract and monosodium glutamate with ribotide