Rhetorical Lacunes: Causes, Implications, Warning

The article analyzes the current state of rhetoric as an academic discipline and the prospects for its study. Rhetorical skills and skills of the student are one of the significant results of educational achieve­ments. However, in Russia, their formation is hampered by the absence of the majority of native speakers of ideas about the logical, stylistic and ethical laws of public speech. Purpose of article - based on the analysis of works devoted to modern rhetoric, to characterize the state of rhetorical education in modern society and the place of rhetorical (communication) disciplines in the system of school and university education. The causes of the decline of rhetoric, the ways of its development as a factor in the education of a rhetorical person are considered, the problem of speech influence and its study in a higher educational institution is touched upon.В статье рассматривается современное состояние риторики как учебной дисциплины и перспективы ее изучения

Influence of various factors on chemical decomposition of oxyethylated isononylphenols

Oxidative decomposition of difficultly biodegradable nonionic surfactants, oxyethylated phenols with various degrees of oxyethylation (Neonols AF 9-6, 9-10, 9-12), was examined. The initial rate and extent of the oxidation depend on the degree of oxyethylation, anion of the iron salt added, and temperatureye

Haploid biotechnology as a tool for creating a selection material for sugar beets

Since the discovery of the phenomenon of haploidy, biotechnology has become an integral part in the successful creation of new varieties and hybrids of various plant species. In particular, these technologies are actively used in agriculture, which is concerned with increasing the volume and improving the quality of products. The integration of haploid production techniques together with other available biotechnological tools such as marker selection (MAS), induced mutagenesis and genetic engineering technologies can significantly accelerate crop breeding. This article shows the main stages in the development of biotechnology since 1921. Now they are successfully used to create doubled haploids to accelerate the selection process of various plants and, in particular, sugar beet, which is the most important sugar crop in regions with a temperate climate. There are several methods for obtaining forms with a single set of chromosomes. For sugar beets, the use of gynogenesis turned out to be expedient, since in this case the other methods turned out to be ineffective in the mass production of haploids. The article considers the stages of obtaining the H and DH lines of Beta vulgaris L., as well as the main stages of biotechnological production of homozygous breeding material of this culture. These stages include selecting parental forms – donor explants, sterilizing buds and introducing non-pollinated ovules in vitro, obtaining haploids, doubling their chromosome set, creating doubled haploids, determining ploidy at different stages, relocating the obtained plants to greenhouses and growing stecklings. A number of advantages that the technology of creating doubled haploids in vitro has in comparison with traditional methods of selection are described. It has been shown that the use of these approaches is relevant when obtaining new highly productive hybrids and varieties of agricultural plants; however, the methods for the production of homozygous forms in sugar beet still require additional research aimed at increasing the efficiency and reproducibility of each stage of the process

Issues of commercialization of intangible property rights in Russia

The article considers trends in the development of the information economy. The analysis of the level of commercialization of intangibles in the medium and large Russian companies took place. Problems of commercialization of intangibles in the Russian Federation were detected. © IDOSI Publications, 2013

New start of Nokia

© 2015, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved. Microsoft will take over Nokia's Devices and Services business, which includes both Smart Devices and Mobile Devices. In other words: The Lumia, Asha and X series are now all under Microsoft's umbrella. Design teams, supply chain, accessories, employees, developer relations and most of Nokia's manufacturing plants and testing facilities are also on Microsoft's side, as are most of the company's services like MixRadio, Store and more. Here, Nokia's mapping entity, is considered a separate business and isn't included as part of the deal, but Microsoft has agreed to a 10-year licensing agreement. On the one hand, Nokia’s decision to sell its mobile phone business to Microsoft is a Finnish tragedy. At Nokia’s best times, this giant contributed a quarter of Finland’s economic growth for past 10 years: it paid 23% of Finland’s corporate taxes. On the other hand, getting out of the mobile phone business sector is a probable blessing for Nokia. Life is tough nowadays for second-tier smartphone companies. Nokia’s global market share in the mobile phone market has dropped to 14 percent (from 19.9 percent a year ago, according to Gartner). The revenue of the company brings in from its devices and services division is down by more than half since 2008.This paper is aimed to show why Nokia had to be saved by someone external, both from the technological and financial point of view

The effect on nitrogen oxide emission from agricultural soils

The study investigates the effect of biochar on nitrous oxide emission in Endoargic Anthrosols in the southern territory of the Russian Far East. Biochar (bio-charcoal) was applied in the amounts of 1 kg/m2 and 3 kg/m2 in combination with organic and mineral fertilizers to drained and drain-free fields during the vegetation season, and the five-gas analyzer G2508 (Picarro) was used. Cumulative flows of N2O were estimated. The analysis revealed that biochar reduces the emissions and the cumulative flow of nitrous oxide. The higher the dose of biochar, the lower the emission and cumulative flows of nitrous oxide, regardless of a drainage system. Biochar (1 kg/m2) reduced the cumulative N2O flow from the soil by 52.2% throughout the experiment conducted, while a dose of 3 kg/m2 allowed for 97.8% reduction. The study found that organic and mineral fertilizers can be effectively used in combination with biochar, as N2O emission from the soil with mineral fertilizers is significantly higher than from the soil with organic fertilizers. Biochar (1 kg/m2) combined with organic fertilizers reduces N2O emission by 53.7%, while a dose of 3 kg/m2 can reduce emissions by 88.9%. Biochar (1 kg/m2) combined with mineral fertilizers reduced the flow of N2O by 17.5%, while a 3 kg/m2 dose of biochar used with mineral fertilizers reduced the emission by 85.3%

THE DEPOSIT OF ANTIBODY’S PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY IN THE IMMUNE RESPONSE AND ITS RESISTANCE TO INHIBITORS OF PROLIFERATION

The effect of hyperstimulation of the primary immune response was showed by additional introducing of antigen in the late log-phase of the primary IgM-response. The multiple increase of IgM-and IgG-antibody productive cells (АРС) in the spleen during the primary response was accompanied by suppression of anamnestic response. The injection of hydroxyurea (an inhibitor of DNA synthesis) together with the additional introduction of the antigen at the late log-phase of the primary IgM-response reduces the rise of IgM-APC, but does not abolish the stimulation of the primary and secondary IgG-APC formation. This fact indicates that proliferative processes play an important role in the stimulation of IgM-response induced by reinjection of the antigen. The stimulation of proliferation of B-lymphocytes which differentiate into antibody productive cells significantly reduces the pool of memory cells and consequently, suppresses secondary immune response

Comparability assessment of the results of thiomersal quantification in adsorbed immunobiological medicinal products by colourimetry and by cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry

To ensure the quality of immunobiologicals, it is required to quantify the thiomersal preservative present in a number of them. The authors have previously developed an analytical procedure for thiomersal quantification in non-adsorbed immunobiological medicinal products, which is based on cold vapor atomic absorption spectrometry (CV AAS). The aim of the study was to analyse the possibility of using the CV AAS procedure for thiomersal content determination in adsorbed immunobiologicals and evaluate the comparability of thiomersal quantification results obtained by colourimetry and CV AAS. Materials and methods: the study used the national reference standard of mercury ions content and the pharmacopoeial reference standard of thiomersal content in adsorbed medicinal products (PhRS 3.1.00427), as well as samples of immunobiologicals by different manufacturers: a DTP vaccine, anatoxins, hepatitis B and influenza vaccines, and combined vaccines. The study involved CV AAS and the colourimetric reaction between mercury and dithizone. Results: the specificity of the CV AAS procedure is demonstrated by the coefficient of variation (3.95%) and the coefficient of correlation between the test sample volume and thiomersal content (0.9956). The regression analysis and the Fisher’s test value of 0.16 indicate the absence of bias. The trueness of the method is satisfactory, as the percent recovery differs from the total spiked amount by less than 10%. For the sensitivity of the CV AAS procedure, its quantification and detection limits are 6.9×10-3 μg/ mL and 2.3×10-3  μg/ mL, respectively. The Fisher’s test value obtained in the comparability assessment of the results of thiomersal quantification by colourimetry and CV AAS (1.29) is lower than the conventional tabulated one (3.96). Conclusions: according to the study, it is possible to use the CV AAS procedure for thiomersal quantification in adsorbed immunobiologicals. The established detection limit allows evaluating residual amounts of thiomersal in in-process intermediates during the production of preservative-free immunobilogical dosage forms. The comparability assessment of the results of thiomersal quantification by colourimetry and CV AAS, carried out using oneway ANOVA and Fisher’s test, showed the possibility of using PhRS 3.1.00427 to control the consistency of operation when reproducing the CV AAS procedure

Biotechnological methods as a tool for efficient sugar beet breeding

Here we consider aspects of the application of biotechnological methods to rapid creation, propagation, and maintenance of plants with improved or new traits in sugar beet breeding. The results of the works carried out in these fields by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "The A.L. Mazlumov All-Russia Research Institute of Sugar Beet” are reviewed. A close association between morphological and physiological changes in in vitro cultured organs and tissues, on the one hand, and breeding traits, on the other hand, which allows the development of experimental systems for non-amphimictic plant reconstruction is shown. The influence of in vitro growth conditions on haploid cells of unfertilized sugar beet ovules in the course of obtaining doubled haploid lines with high degree of homozygosity and maintenance of valuable breeding properties is considered. As compared to common inbreeding, this method shortens the time for development of homozygous material from 10-12 to 3-5 years, which is of great importance for speeding-up the breeding process. The results of studies on the culturing of mature sugar beet zygotic embryos based on in vitro selective systems have made it possible to improve the adaptive potential of plants and to provide complex resistance to environmental stress factors. Strict selection under abiotic stress conditions allowed creation of sugar beet isogenic lines with tolerance of drought, salinity, and soil acidity. It is shown that the proposed original design of mass-scale microclonal in vitro reproduction and deposition of elite plants as components of highly productive hybrids can be used to obtain seeds of uniform high-quality breeding material. The technologies developed by biotechnological methods are a topical and innovative direction of inquiry, since the application of these techniques to sugar beet breeding will promote obtaining of competitive hybrids with a set of commercially valuable traits. The combination of biotechnology methods, including tissue culture, and traditional breeding techniques is expected to provide an opportunity to obtain a new starting material to develop domestic varieties and hybrids of new generation with heterosis effect and a wide resistance spectrum persisting across generations

LYMPHOPENIA AS A FACTOR INVOLVED IN THE AUTOIMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN MURINE GRAFT VS. HOST DISEASE

Syngeneic splenocyte transplantation leads to lymphopenia development in intact mice owing to decreased proliferative activity of bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells. In the mice with induced chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) transfer of syngeneic lymphocytes has little or no effect on the level of already existing lymphopenia, but increases its duration. These results are in close agreement with the received evidences that transfer of syngeneic cells increases frequency of autoimmune glomerulonephritis at cGVHD. Thus, results of research speak in favor of conclusion that lymphopenia and initiated by it homeostatic proliferation play a pathogenetic role in the development of autoimmune reactions at cGVHD