MHC-B variation in maternal and paternal synthetic lines of the Argentinian Campero INTA chicken

The Campero-INTA chicken of Argentina was developed to provide a robust bird that can survive under Argentinian pasture conditions with no significant additional nutrition, producing a source of animal protein for small producers or low-income families. In previous work we described the AH paternal line of Campero and its Major Histocompatibility Complex B region (MHC-B) variation. In this work we analyzed the three remaining synthetic lines used to produce the Campero-INTA production bird: lines AS, A and E. Because of the association between variation within the MHC of chickens and disease resistance, MHC variation within this breed is of particular interest. MHC variability within the lines used to produce the Campero-INTA chicken was examined using a 90 SNP panel encompassing the chicken MHC-B region plus the VNTR, LEI0258, located within the chicken MHC. Across all four lines 12 haplotypes were found, with 7 of these being previously reported in North America/European breeds, reflecting the original breed sources for these birds. Three Campero unique haplotypes were found, two of which likely originated from MHC recombination events. MHC-B variation for all lines involved with production of the final Campero-INTA bird have now been determined.EEA PergaminoFil: Iglesias, Gabriela M. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Alto Valle y Valle Medio. Escuela de Veterinaria y Producción Agroindustrial. Cátedra de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Beker, María P. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Alto Valle y Valle Medio. Escuela de Veterinaria y Producción Agroindustrial. Cátedra de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Remolins, José S. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Alto Valle y Valle Medio. Escuela de Veterinaria y Producción Agroindustrial. Cátedra de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Canet, Zulma Edith. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Sección Avicultura; ArgentinaFil: Canet, Zulma Edith. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria. Cátedra de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Librera, José. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Cantaro, Horacio Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Alto Valle; ArgentinaFil: Cantaro, Horacio Luis. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Sede Alto Valle y Valle Medio. Escuela de Veterinaria y Producción Agroindustrial. Cátedra de Genética; ArgentinaFil: Maizon, Daniel Omar Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Anguil; ArgentinaFil: Fulton, Janet E. Hy-Line International; Estados Unido

Comparative Characterization at Slaughter of Five Experimental Hybrids of Free Range Chickens with Different Maternal Genotype

Se evaluaron la proporción de pechuga, pata muslo y grasa abdominal y el rendimiento a la faena de machos pertenecientes a cinco grupos genéticos experimentales de pollos camperos. Los grupos provenían del cruzamiento entre gallos de la población sintética paterna AH’, mejorada por tasa de crecimiento y eficiencia alimenticia y gallinas de cinco poblaciones sintéticas maternas. Como grupo testigo se utilizaron machos contemporáneos de la versión tradicional de Campero INTA. Las aves producto de estos cruzamientos experimentales presentaron valores promedio, tanto en lo que se refiere al desarrollo de la pechuga como al rendimiento de la canal a la faena, compatibles con su producción comercial, si bien la proporción de grasa abdominal supera a la registrada en el grupo de referencia y a los valores habitualmente informados en la bibliografía referida a pollos camperos. Las diferentes poblaciones sintéticas maternas evaluadas pueden considerarse equivalentes en la medida en que los valores promedio de los caracteres a la faena no permiten una discriminación neta entre ellas.The proportion of breast, thigh and abdominal fat and carcase yield at slaughter were evaluated in males from five experimental genetic groups of free range chickens derived from crossing roosters of the paternal synthetic population AH‘, selected for growth rate and feed efficiency, with hens from five maternal synthetic populations. Contemporary males belonging to the traditional version of Campero INTA birds were used as control. Birds of the five experimental crosses exhibited average values regarding breast weight and also in their yield at slaughter, both compatible with commercial production, although the proportion of abdominal fat was greater than that recorded in the reference group and also greater than values normally reported in the literature. In terms of these traits registered in the progeny resulting from the above mentioned crossing, the five maternal synthetic populations may be considered equivalent, as a clear discrimination among them was difficult to carry on.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Comparative Characterization at Slaughter of Five Experimental Hybrids of Free Range Chickens with Different Maternal Genotype

Se evaluaron la proporción de pechuga, pata muslo y grasa abdominal y el rendimiento a la faena de machos pertenecientes a cinco grupos genéticos experimentales de pollos camperos. Los grupos provenían del cruzamiento entre gallos de la población sintética paterna AH’, mejorada por tasa de crecimiento y eficiencia alimenticia y gallinas de cinco poblaciones sintéticas maternas. Como grupo testigo se utilizaron machos contemporáneos de la versión tradicional de Campero INTA. Las aves producto de estos cruzamientos experimentales presentaron valores promedio, tanto en lo que se refiere al desarrollo de la pechuga como al rendimiento de la canal a la faena, compatibles con su producción comercial, si bien la proporción de grasa abdominal supera a la registrada en el grupo de referencia y a los valores habitualmente informados en la bibliografía referida a pollos camperos. Las diferentes poblaciones sintéticas maternas evaluadas pueden considerarse equivalentes en la medida en que los valores promedio de los caracteres a la faena no permiten una discriminación neta entre ellas.The proportion of breast, thigh and abdominal fat and carcase yield at slaughter were evaluated in males from five experimental genetic groups of free range chickens derived from crossing roosters of the paternal synthetic population AH‘, selected for growth rate and feed efficiency, with hens from five maternal synthetic populations. Contemporary males belonging to the traditional version of Campero INTA birds were used as control. Birds of the five experimental crosses exhibited average values regarding breast weight and also in their yield at slaughter, both compatible with commercial production, although the proportion of abdominal fat was greater than that recorded in the reference group and also greater than values normally reported in the literature. In terms of these traits registered in the progeny resulting from the above mentioned crossing, the five maternal synthetic populations may be considered equivalent, as a clear discrimination among them was difficult to carry on.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Comparative Characterization at Slaughter of Five Experimental Hybrids of Free Range Chickens with Different Maternal Genotype

Se evaluaron la proporción de pechuga, pata muslo y grasa abdominal y el rendimiento a la faena de machos pertenecientes a cinco grupos genéticos experimentales de pollos camperos. Los grupos provenían del cruzamiento entre gallos de la población sintética paterna AH’, mejorada por tasa de crecimiento y eficiencia alimenticia y gallinas de cinco poblaciones sintéticas maternas. Como grupo testigo se utilizaron machos contemporáneos de la versión tradicional de Campero INTA. Las aves producto de estos cruzamientos experimentales presentaron valores promedio, tanto en lo que se refiere al desarrollo de la pechuga como al rendimiento de la canal a la faena, compatibles con su producción comercial, si bien la proporción de grasa abdominal supera a la registrada en el grupo de referencia y a los valores habitualmente informados en la bibliografía referida a pollos camperos. Las diferentes poblaciones sintéticas maternas evaluadas pueden considerarse equivalentes en la medida en que los valores promedio de los caracteres a la faena no permiten una discriminación neta entre ellas.The proportion of breast, thigh and abdominal fat and carcase yield at slaughter were evaluated in males from five experimental genetic groups of free range chickens derived from crossing roosters of the paternal synthetic population AH‘, selected for growth rate and feed efficiency, with hens from five maternal synthetic populations. Contemporary males belonging to the traditional version of Campero INTA birds were used as control. Birds of the five experimental crosses exhibited average values regarding breast weight and also in their yield at slaughter, both compatible with commercial production, although the proportion of abdominal fat was greater than that recorded in the reference group and also greater than values normally reported in the literature. In terms of these traits registered in the progeny resulting from the above mentioned crossing, the five maternal synthetic populations may be considered equivalent, as a clear discrimination among them was difficult to carry on.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

The role of Directed Energy Deposition atmosphere mode on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L samples

Laser-Directed Energy Deposition was used to produce AISI 316L stainless steel samples. The effect of the protective atmosphere on the microstructure and mechanical performance of AISI 316L deposited parts was investigated by building samples using a simple nitrogen shielding gas or using a nitrogen-filled build chamber. The effect of the different processing conditions on the microstructure was evaluated by X-ray analysis, optical and scanning electron microscopy. Only slight differences in the cellular dendrites morphology of samples built under different protective atmosphere conditions were observed. However, the presence of oxides was monitored too: the oxides composition and area fraction were analysed and compared by image analyses, and it was demonstrated that the protective atmosphere mainly affects the oxides dimensions. The effect of the oxides and nitrogen pick-up on the mechanical performance of the samples was evaluated by tensile tests. The results revealed that the nitrogen-filled build chamber allowed the achievement of slightly higher tensile strength and elongation with respect to the other processing conditions as a consequence of the reduced size of the oxide inclusions

Stepwise endo-/epicardial catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: The Mediterranea approach

Background: Outcomes of catheter ablation (CA) among patients with nonparoxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) are largely disappointing. Objective: We sought to evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of a single-stage stepwise endo-/epicardial approach in patients with persistent/longstanding-persistent AF. Methods: We enrolled 25 consecutive patients with symptomatic persistent (n = 4) or longstanding-persistent (n = 21) AF and at least one prior endocardial procedure, who underwent CA using an endo-/epicardial approach. Our anatomical stepwise protocol included multiple endocardial as well as epicardial (Bachmann's bundle [BB] and ligament of Marshall ablations) components, and entailed ablation of atrial tachycardias emerging during the procedure. The primary outcome was freedom from any AF/atrial tachycardia episode after a 3-month blanking period. The secondary outcome was patients' symptom status during follow-up. Results: The stepwise endo-/epicardial approach allowed sinus rhythm restoration in 72% of patients, either directly (n = 6, 24%) or after AF organization into atrial tachycardia (n = 12, 48%). BB's ablation was commonly implicated in arrhythmia termination. After a median follow-up of 266 days (interquartile range, 96 days), survival free from AF/atrial tachycardia was 88%. Antiarrhythmic drugs could be discontinued in 22 patients (88%). As compared to baseline, more patients were asymptomatic at 9-month follow-up (0% vs. 56%, p =.02). Five patients (20%) developed mild medical complications, whereas one subject (4%) had severe kidney injury requiring dialysis. Conclusion: A single-stage endo-/epicardial CA resulted in favorable rhythm and symptom outcomes in a cohort of patients with symptomatic persistent/longstanding-persistent AF and one or more prior endocardial procedures. Epicardial ablation of BB was commonly implicated in procedural success