EFFECT OF THE REGIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE ON RUNOFF FROM THE LAKE ONEGO WATERSHED

As a result of the statistical analysis of the meteorological and water balance data for Onego Lake watershed over the period 1950-2000, noticeable changes were detected. It was found that time series of annual air temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration over 50-year period contains positive linear trends, but no change in total streamflow to the lake has so far followed. Potential changes in the regional climate and hydrological regime for the period 2000-2050 were estimated using the results of numerical modeling with the ECHAM4/OPYC3 model for two scenarios of the global climate change. The estimation of these data shows that a general tendency to increase of annual air temperature and precipitation will remain in the new climate Mean annual precipitation will increase about 30-50 mm, mean average annual air temperature for the next 50-years period will rise from 1.6 up to 2.7-3.0 °C. Our estimation shows that for both scenarios all water balance parameters, excluding river runoff, will increase

Contemporary Conditions of Efficient Implementation of Inclusive Education at the University

The paper analyzes the conditions of introducing inclusive education at universities. The suggested classification of necessary conditions may be applied in practice for efficient inclusion at higher educational institutions. We used the methods of descriptive analysis, observation, and Pearson’s chisquared test (χ2). The research findings include the identified efficient conditions of inclusive education, such as (1) creating a column about “Inspiring stories” on the website of the educational institution; (2) conducting group psychological training for students, joint activities, and the so-called “student hour”; (3) establishing a department of distance and inclusive education; (4) developing further education courses for teachers with a focus on communication with students with disabilities and health-related conditions; (5) designing courses for tutors and assisting students with disabilities and health-related conditions to provide them with comprehensive support within the entire period of study at universities; and (6) creating online and offline courses for teachers to develop their readiness to introduce inclusive education at universities by five criteria

Anisotropic flow fluctuations in hydro-inspired freeze-out model for relativistic heavy ion collisions

The LHC data on event-by-event harmonic flow coefficients measured in PbPb collisions at center-of-mass energy 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair are analyzed and interpreted within the HYDJET++ model. To compare the model results with the experimental data the unfolding procedure is employed. The essentially dynamical origin of the flow fluctuations in hydro-inspired freeze-out approach has been established. It is shown that the simple modification of the model via introducing the distribution over spatial anisotropy parameters permits HYDJET++ to reproduce both elliptic and triangular flow fluctuations and related to it eccentricity fluctuations of the initial state at the LHC energy.Comment: 12 pages including 9 figures as EPS-files; prepared using LaTeX package for publication in the European Physical Journal

HYDRO + JETS (HYDJET++) event generator for Pb+Pb collisions at LHC

The Monte Carlo event generator HYDJET++ is one of the few generators, designed for the calculations of heavy-ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies, which combine treatment of soft hydro-like processes with the description of jets traversing the hot and dense partonic medium. The model is employed to study the azimuthal anisotropy phenomena, dihadron angular correlations and event-by-event (EbyE) fluctuations of the anisotropic flow in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76$ TeV. The interplay of soft and hard processes describes the violation of the mass hierarchy of meson and baryon elliptic and triangular flows at p_T > 2 GeV/c, the fall-off of the flow harmonics at intermediate transverse momenta, and the worsening of the number-of-constituent-quark (NCQ) scaling of elliptic/triangular flow at LHC compared to RHIC energies. The cross-talk of v_2 and v_3 leads to emergence of higher order harmonics in the model and to appearance of the ridge structure in dihadron angular correlations in a broad pseudorapidity range. HYDJET++ possesses also the dynamical EbyE fluctuations of the anisotropic flow. The model results agree well with the experimental data.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, contribution to Proceedings of the Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics 201

Mapping of multiple muscles with transcranial magnetic stimulation: Absolute and relative test-retest reliability

The spatial accuracy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) may be as small as a few millimeters. Despite such great potential, navigated TMS (nTMS) mapping is still underused for the assessment of motor plasticity, particularly in clinical settings. Here, we investigate the within‐limb somatotopy gradient as well as absolute and relative reliability of three hand muscle cortical representations (MCRs) using a comprehensive grid‐based sulcus‐informed nTMS motor mapping. We enrolled 22 young healthy male volunteers. Two nTMS mapping sessions were separated by 5–10 days. Motor evoked potentials were obtained from abductor pollicis brevis (APB), abductor digiti minimi, and extensor digitorum communis. In addition to individual MRI‐based analysis, we studied normalized MNI MCRs. For the reliability assessment, we calculated intraclass correlation and the smallest detectable change. Our results revealed a somatotopy gradient reflected by APB MCR having the most lateral location. Reliability analysis showed that the commonly used metrics of MCRs, such as areas, volumes, centers of gravity (COGs), and hotspots had a high relative and low absolute reliability for all three muscles. For within‐limb TMS somatotopy, the most common metrics such as the shifts between MCR COGs and hotspots had poor relative reliability. However, overlaps between different muscle MCRs were highly reliable. We, thus, provide novel evidence that inter‐muscle MCR interaction can be reliably traced using MCR overlaps while shifts between the COGs and hotspots of different MCRs are not suitable for this purpose. Our results have implications for the interpretation of nTMS motor mapping results in healthy subjects and patients with neurological conditions

THE ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND WATERSHED EFFECT ON THE HETEROTROPHIC METABOLISM IN THE LAKE ONEGO ECOSYSTEM

Lake Onego, as one of the largest water bodies in a humid zone, is the recipient of terrestrial carbon and plays an important role in the global balance of this element. Due to heterotrophic metabolism in the Lake Onego ecosystem, substantial emissions of carbon dioxide from this lake into the atmosphere can be assumed. However, the extent of this phenomenon is still poorly known. As a climate change has led to an increase in water and organic matter flow into the northern water bodies, the carbon balance study of aquatic ecosystems is of particular relevance. The elements of the water balance for the Lake Onego catchment area in the current climate conditions are assessed. Based on satellite images the model of Lake Onego watershed terrestrial ecosystems is used to simulate the flow of organic matter into the lake with different types of vegetation and topography consideration. The assessment of the benthic communities habitat is carried out taking into account the accumulation of organic matter in various parts of Lake Onego

Tolerância inter-étnica e seu desenvolvimento entre estudantes pedagógicos de instituições de ensino superior

This paper is devoted to the development of inter-ethnic tolerance among pedagogical students of higher educational institutions. Based on the works by B. Barber, J. Berry, A.G. Asmolov, M.S. Mirimanov, V.A. Lektorskii, G.U. Soldatov and other researchers, the authors clarified the purpose and objectives of the development of interethnic tolerance of future teachers, as well as systematized its main criteria and indicators. The paper also presents the author’s set of pedagogical conditions ensuring the development of interethnic tolerance of students of pedagogical specialties in a higher educational institution. The set includes the following components: the use of active didactic forms and interactive teaching methods in the educational process that contribute to the formation of a tolerant view of students; the organization of interpersonal interaction of students of pedagogical specialties by involving them in research activities; updating the experience of tolerant interethnic communication of future teachers through the introduction of tolerance episodes into the educational process; forming in pedagogical students competence in the development of interethnic tolerance among schoolchildren in the educational process.Este documento está dedicado al desarrollo de la tolerancia interétnica entre los estudiantes pedagógicos de instituciones de educación superior. Basado en los trabajos de B. Barber, J. Berry, A.G. Asmolov, M.S. Mirimanov, V.A. Lektorskii, G.U. Soldatov y otros investigadores, los autores aclararon el propósito y los objetivos del desarrollo de la tolerancia interétnica de los futuros docentes, así como sistematizaron sus principales criterios e indicadores. El documento también presenta el conjunto de condiciones pedagógicas del autor que garantizan el desarrollo de la tolerancia interétnica de los estudiantes de especialidades pedagógicas en una institución de educación superior. El conjunto incluye los siguientes componentes: el uso de formas didácticas activas y métodos de enseñanza interactivos en el proceso educativo que contribuyen a la formación de una visión tolerante de los estudiantes; la organización de la interacción interpersonal de estudiantes de especialidades pedagógicas mediante su participación en actividades de investigación; actualizar la experiencia de comunicación interétnica tolerante de futuros maestros a través de la introducción de episodios de tolerancia en el proceso educativo; La formación en los estudiantes pedagógicos de la competencia en el desarrollo de la tolerancia interétnica entre los escolares en el proceso educativo.Este artigo é dedicado ao desenvolvimento da tolerância inter-étnica entre estudantes pedagógicos de instituições de ensino superior. Baseado nos trabalhos de B. Barber, J. Berry, A. G. Asmolov, M.S. Mirimanov, V.A. Lektorskii, G.U. Soldatov e outros pesquisadores, os autores esclareceram o objetivo e os objetivos do desenvolvimento da tolerância interétnica de futuros professores, bem como sistematizaram seus principais critérios e indicadores. O artigo também apresenta o conjunto de condições pedagógicas do autor, assegurando o desenvolvimento da tolerância interétnica de estudantes de especialidades pedagógicas em uma instituição de ensino superior. O conjunto inclui os seguintes componentes: o uso de formas didáticas ativas e métodos de ensino interativo no processo educacional que contribuem para a formação de uma visão tolerante dos alunos; a organização da interação interpessoal de estudantes de especialidades pedagógicas, envolvendoos em atividades de pesquisa; atualizar a experiência de comunicação interétnica tolerante de futuros professores, através da introdução de episódios de tolerância no processo educativo; formar em estudantes pedagógicos competência no desenvolvimento da tolerância interétnica em escolares do processo educacional

EVALUATION OF FCR THERAPY EFFICACY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA BASED ON IMMUNOGENETIC CRITERIA

A number of studies have shown that distinct common variants of the genes controlling immune/inflammatory response may affect efficiency of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treatment. In a recently published paper, we reported polymorphic variants of some immune response genes in CLL patients to be associated with different rates of disease progression. Correlations between the distribution of gene modification profiles in indolent and agressive forms of CLL have been established. The present study describes results of pharmacogenetic studies aimed for identifying associations between the immune response genes polymorphism, and efficacy of FCR treatment regimen in CLL patients. 19 polymorphic loci of 14 immune response genes were studied in 33 patients with CLL who received FCR therapy. The TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR6, TLR9, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, CD14, TNFα, FCGR2A genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction with allele-specific primers. CLL patients were divided into several groups depending on the terms of response to FCR treatment, i.e., achieving partial/complete remission after two, four, six courses of treatment, and those who did not respond to the therapy. Statistically significant differences in the distribution of haplotype frequencies were detected for the following genes: IL-1β (C-3953T, p = 0.02-0.009); IL-10 (C-819T, p = 0.04); IL-10 (G-1082A, p = 0.04-0.002-0.006), FCGR2A (His166Arg, p = 0.006); TLR4 (Thr399Ile, p = 0.02); TLR6 (Ser249Pro, p = 0.04); TLR9 (A2848G, p = 0.04-0.007); CD14 (C-159T, p = 0.03). When testing the significance hypothesis by multiple comparisons, the difference for the detected events was confirmed only for IL-10 gene (G-1082A, p < 0.01; χ2 = 20,082). The results show a relationship between the allelic status of the IL-10-1082 gene and the timing of response to FCR therapy, as well as predict a group of patients with primary-resistant CLL before treatment. The role of the relationship between IL-10 gene polymorphism and IL-10 production is discussed in connection with occurrence risk and clinical course of mature B-cell lymphoid malignancies. IL-10 is thought to be a growth factor for normal and transformed human B-lymphocytes, it controls a balance between cellular and humoral immune responses while exerting a pronounced immunosuppressive activity, along with ability to stimulate tumor cell proliferation. A rationale for conducting pharmacogenomic studies in CLL is provided, in order to predict efficiency of a specific drug or their combination in a distinct patient, thus representing chances to detect a factor which may influence success of the therapy since its earlier stage

Potential risk factors for diabetes mellitus type 1

Diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1D) develops as a result of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Genetic predisposition to T1D turns into clinical reality only in half of hereditary cases, which indirectly indicates the importance of external factors, the significance of which is periodically reviewed. Retrospective and prospective clinical foreign and national studies were included. PubMed, Medline and eLibrary were searched. Modern ideas about the possible impact of the main prenatal and postnatal environmental factors on the development of autoimmune response against insulin-producing islet cells and T1D were discussed. The risk of developing type 1 diabetes is determined by the complex interaction of environmental factors and genetic predisposition. The mechanisms of their influence remain rather unknown. Further research is needed to determine strategies of primary and secondary prevention of T1D