An evaluation: The potential of discarded tires as a source of fuel

The destructive distillation of rubber tire samples was studied by thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, combustion calorimetry, and mass spectroscopy. The decomposition reaction was found to be exothermic and produced a mass loss of 65 percent. The gas evolution curves that were obtained indicate that a variety of organic materials are evolved simultaneously during the decomposition of the rubber polymer

Food-conditioned odour rejection in the late stages of the meal, mediating learnt control of meal volume by aftereffects of food consumption

In a two-bottle choice test, rats drank more of the fluid having a novel odour than that having an odour which had previously been presented in the later part of meals on concentrated maltodextrin solution. Rats are normally more averse to a novel odour than to a familiar odour; therefore, the conditioned reaction to the odour acquired in these circumstances is likely to be an ingestive aversion, rather than merely a lack of preference. Furthermore, this learnt odour rejection was seen only in the second half of the meal, indicating that it is dependent on an ingestion-induced state of repletion. Together then, these observations are evidence that the volume of meals rich in carbohydrate can be controlled by learnt rejection of particular food flavours in the presence of visceral cues specific to repletion (previously dubbed "conditioned satiety"), the only known mechanism by which aftereffects of ingested energy could reduce meal volume

Association of solar wind proton flux extremes with pseudostreamers

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/99028/1/jgra50335.pd

Advanced Gas Turbine (AGT): Power-train system development

Technical work on the design and effort leading to the testing of a 74.5 kW (100 hp) automotive gas turbine is described. The general effort was concentrated on building an engine for test starting in July. The buildup progressed with only routine problems and the engine was delivered to the test stand 9 July. In addition to the engine build effort, work continued in selected component areas. Ceramic turbine parts were built and tested. Burst tests of ceramic rotors show strengths are approaching that achieved in test bars; proof testing is required for acceptable strength ceramic vanes. Over 25 hours was accumulated on the combustor rig in three test modes: pilot nozzle only, start nozzle, and main nozzle operation. Satisfactory ignition was achieved for a wide range of starting speeds and the lean blowout limit was as low as 0.06 kg/b (0.14 lb/hr). Lean blowout was more a function of nozzle atomization than fuel/air ratio. A variety of cycle points were tested. Transition from start nozzle flow to main nozzle flow was done manually without difficulty. Regenerator parts were qualification tested without incident and the parts were assembled on schedule. Rig based performance matched first build requirements. Repeated failures in the harmonic drive gearbox during rig testing resulted in that concept being abandoned for an alternate scheme

Desert Shield and Strategic Sealift

When Iraqi tanks crossed the border of Kuwait, the United States crossed the threshold of a new military strategy-from one of reliance on forward-deployed garrison forces to one of increased emphasis on responsiveness

Structure in the Disk of epsilon Aurigae: Analysis of the ARCES and TripleSpec data obtained during the 2010 eclipse

Context: Worldwide interest in the recent eclipse of epsilon Aurigae resulted in the generation of several extensive data sets, including those related to high resolution spectroscopic monitoring. This lead to the discovery, among other things, of the existence of a mass transfer stream, seen notably during third contact. Aims: We explored spectroscopic facets of the mass transfer stream during third contact, using high resolution spectra obtained with the ARCES and TripleSpec instruments at Apache Point Observatory. Methods: One hundred and sixteen epochs of data between 2009 and 2012 were obtained, and equivalent widths and line velocities measured, selected according to reports of these being high versus low eccentricity disk lines. These datasets also enable greater detail to be measured of the mid-eclipse enhancement of the He I 10830A line, and the discovery of the P Cygni shape of the Pa beta line at third contact. Analysis: We found evidence of higher speed material, associated with the mass transfer stream, persisting between third and fourth eclipse contacts. We visualize the disk and stream interaction using SHAPE software, and use CLOUDY software to estimate that the source of the enhanced He I 10830A absorption arises from a region with log n = 10 (/cm3) and temperature of 20,000 K consistent with a mid B type central star. Results and Next Steps: Van Rensbergen binary star evolutionary models are somewhat consistent with the current binary parameters for the case of a 9 plus 8 solar mass initial binary, evolving into a 2.3 and 14.11 solar mass end product after 35 Myr. Prior to the next eclipse, it is possible to make predictions which suggest that continued monitoring will help resolve standing questions about this binary

Partially-erupting prominences: a comparison between observations and model-predicted observables

<p><b>Aims:</b> We investigate several partially-erupting prominences to study their relationship with other CME-associated phenomena and compare these observations with observables predicted by a model of partially-expelled-flux-ropes (Gibson & Fan 2006a, ApJ, 637, L65; 2006b, J. Geophys. Res., 111, 12103).</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> We studied 6 selected events with partially-erupting prominences using multi-wavelength observations recorded by the Extreme-ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT), Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE), Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (MLSO), Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO), and Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT). The observational features associated with partially-erupting prominences were then compared with the predicted observables from the model.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> The partially-expelled-flux-rope (PEFR) model can explain the partial eruption of these prominences, and in addition predicts a variety of other CME-related observables that provide evidence of internal reconnection during eruption. We find that all of the partially-erupting prominences studied in this paper exhibit indirect evidence of internal reconnection. Moreover, all cases showed evidence of at least one observable unique to the PEFR model, e.g., dimmings external to the source region and/or a soft X-ray cusp overlying a reformed sigmoid.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> The PEFR model provides a plausible mechanism to explain the observed evolution of partially-erupting-prominence-associated CMEs in our study.</p&gt